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1
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0041787711
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note
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More precisely, biotechnology is not an industry per se it is rather a set of technologies. However, in this paper we define the boundary to other industries by the entirety of organisations that use mainly biotechnologies for undertaking R&D and developing products.
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2
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0035062034
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National institutional frameworks and the hybridization of entrepreneurial business models: The German and UK biotechnology sectors
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Casper, S. (2001) 'National institutional frameworks and the hybridization of entrepreneurial business models: the German and UK biotechnology sectors', Industry and Innovation, Vol. 8, No. 1, pp.5-30.
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Casper, S.1
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Industrial structure and the dynamics of knowledge generation in biotechnology
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L. Senker and R. van Vliet (Eds.), Cheltenham, UK
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Saviotti, P.P. (1998) 'Industrial structure and the dynamics of knowledge generation in biotechnology', in L. Senker and R. van Vliet (Eds.) Biotechnology and Competitive Advantage, Cheltenham, UK, pp.19-43.
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Saviotti, P.P.1
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Strategic alliances between large and small research intensive organizations: Experiences in the biotechnology
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Forrest, J.E. and Martin, M.J.C. (1992) 'Strategic alliances between large and small research intensive organizations: experiences in the biotechnology', R&D Management, Vol. 22, No. 1, pp.41-53.
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Forrest, J.E.1
Martin, M.J.C.2
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0042288777
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note
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Biotech companies "[...] are defined as companies that use modern biological techniques to develop products or services to serve the needs of human health-care, agricultural productivity, food processing, renewable resources or environmental affairs. Medical device, seed companies, and large pharmaceutical companies ('Big Pharma') are excluded [...]", see [7].
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9
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0041287122
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BMBF - Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung (2001) www.bmbf.de
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(2001)
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10
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0042789875
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Wachstum und konsolidierung der Biotech-Branche in Deutschland
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C. Herstatt and C. Müller (Eds.), Schaeffer-Poeschel, Stuttgart
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Mietzsch, A. (2002) 'Wachstum und konsolidierung der Biotech-Branche in Deutschland', in C. Herstatt and C. Müller (Eds.) Management-Handbuch Biotechnologie, Schaeffer-Poeschel, Stuttgart.
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Management-Handbuch Biotechnologie
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Mietzsch, A.1
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11
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Success rates for new drugs entering clinical testing in the United States
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DiMasi, J.A. (1995) 'Success rates for new drugs entering clinical testing in the United States', in Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Vol. 58, No. 1, pp.1-14.
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, pp. 1-14
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DiMasi, J.A.1
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Washington, USA
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Pharmaceutical Research and Manufacturers (2000) Pharmaceutical Industry Profile 2000, Washington, USA (www.phrma.org).
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Pharmaceutical Industry Profile 2000
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14
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0042789879
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note
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As of July 2001, at 25 German universities, chairs for entrepreneurship have been established or will be established in the near future.
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16
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0009477617
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Personal management in Biotech-Unternehmen
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C. Herstatt and C. Müller (Eds.), Schäffer-Poeschel, Stuttgart
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Staudt, E., Kottman, M. and Sieger, C. (2002) 'Personal management in Biotech-Unternehmen', in C. Herstatt and C. Müller (Eds.) Management-Handbuch Biotechnologie, Schäffer-Poeschel, Stuttgart.
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(2002)
Management-Handbuch Biotechnologie
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Staudt, E.1
Kottman, M.2
Sieger, C.3
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17
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0042288776
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IMS Health, www.imshealth.com.
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18
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0003882236
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Springer, Berlin et al
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Jungmittag, A., Reger, G. and Reiss, T. (2000) Changing Innovation in the Pharmaceutical Industry, Springer, Berlin et al.
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(2000)
Changing Innovation in the Pharmaceutical Industry
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Jungmittag, A.1
Reger, G.2
Reiss, T.3
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19
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0041287115
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(Japan Bioindustry Organization), Tokyo, 10 August
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Personal Communication (2001) Dr. Chigira (Japan Bioindustry Organization), Tokyo, 10 August.
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(2001)
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Chigira1
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20
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0042288772
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Biotechnology start-up enterprises in Japan: On transferability from Japanese management to start-up management
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Leveraging Research and Technology, Wellington, New Zealand
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Fujiwara, T. (2001) 'Biotechnology start-up enterprises in Japan: on transferability from Japanese management to start-up management', Proceedings of the R&D Management Conference 2001, Leveraging Research and Technology, Wellington, New Zealand.
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(2001)
Proceedings of the R&D Management Conference 2001
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Fujiwara, T.1
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21
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0041787708
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Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry, METI, www.meti.go.jp.
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22
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0041787707
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note
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Note that the definition of biotechnology related companies differs significantly from the Ernst & Young term of Entrepreneurial Life-Sciences Companies. The Japan Bioindustry Association defines biotechnology companies as companies which conduct research in biotechnology (modern as well as old biotechnology) and which were established after 1980.
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