Simulated epidural test doses using adrenaline and adrenaline/clonidine in sevoflurane-anaesthetized children

Anaesthesia and Intensive Care

Volumn 31, Issue 4, 2003, Pages 362-370

  Burstal, R ^a   Hollard, J ^a   McFadyen, B ^a  

^a JOHN HUNTER HOSPITAL   (Australia)

Author keywords

Anaesthesia technique: epidural; Anaesthesia: paediatric; Complications: intravascular injection; Sympathetic nervous system: adrenaline; clonidine

Indexed keywords

ADRENALIN; CLONIDINE; NITROUS OXIDE; OXYGEN; SEVOFLURANE;

ANESTHESIA INDUCTION; ARTICLE; CHI SQUARE DISTRIBUTION; CHILD; CLINICAL TRIAL; CONTROLLED CLINICAL TRIAL; CONTROLLED STUDY; DOSE RESPONSE; DRUG EFFECT; EPIDURAL ANESTHESIA; HEART BEAT; HEART RATE; HUMAN; INFANT; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; PILOT STUDY; PREDICTION; SIMULATION; SYSTOLIC BLOOD PRESSURE; T WAVE; TIME;

EID: 0041922663     PISSN: 0310057X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1177/0310057x0303100404     Document Type: Article

References (30)

1. Prentiss JE. Cardiac arrest following caudal anaesthesia. Anesthesiology 1979; 50:51-53.
2. Albright G. Cardiac arrest following regional anaesthesia with etidocaine and bupivacaine. Anesthesiology 1979; 51:285-287.
3. Matsumiya N, Dohi S, Takahashi H, Kondo Y, Naito H. Cardiovascular collapse in an infant after caudal anaesthesia with a lignocaine-adrenaline solution. Anesth Analg 1986; 65:1074-1076.
4. Lumb AB, Carli F. Respiratory arrest after a caudal intravenous injection of bupivacaine. Anaesthesia 1989; 44:324-325.
5. Ved SA, Pinosky M, Nicomedus H. Ventricular tachycardia and brief cardiovascular collapse in two infants after caudal anaesthesia using a bupivacaine and adrenaline solution. Anesthesiology 1993; 79:1121-1123.
6. Maxwell LG, Martin LD, Yaster M. Bupivicaine induced cardiac toxicity in neonates: successful treatment with intravenous phenytoin. Anesthesiology 1994; 80:682-686.
7. Fisher Q, Shaffner D, Yaster M. Detection of intravascular injection of regional anaesthetics in children. Can J Anesth 1997; 44:592-598.
8. Dalens B, Hansnaoui A. Caudal anaesthesia in pediatric surgery: success rate and adverse effects in 750 consecutive patients. Anesth Analg 1989; 86:952-957.
9. Desparmet J, Mateo J, Eccofy C, Mazoit X. Efficacy of epidural test dose in children anaesthetized with halothane. Anesthesiology 1990; 72:249-251.
10. Tobias JD Caudal epidural block: A review of test dosing and recognition of systemic injection in children. Anesth Analg 2001; 93:1156-1161.
11. Tanaka M, Nishikawa T. Simulation of an epidural test dose with intravenous epinephrine in sevoflurane-anaesthetized children. Anesth Analg 1998; 68:83-89
12. Kozek-Langenecker S, Marhofer P, Krenn C et al. Simulation of an epidural test dose with intravenous isoproterenol in sevoflurane-anaesthetized children. Anesth Analg 1998; 87:549-552.
13. Fried E, Bailey A, Valley R. Electrocardiographic and hemodynamic changes associated with unintentional intravascular injection of bupivacaine with adrenaline in infants. Anesthesiology 1993; 79:394-398.
14. Tanaka M, Nishikawa T. Evaluating T-wave amplitude as a guide for detecting intravascular injection of a test dose in anaesthetized children. Anesth Analg 1999; 88:754-758.
15. Kozek-Langenecker SA, Marhofer P, Jonas K et al. Cardiovascular criteria for epidural test dosing in sevoflurane and halothane-anaesthetized children. Anesth Analg 2000; 90: 579-583.
16. Lee JJ, Rubin AP. Comparison of a bupivacaine-clonidine mixture with plain bupivacaine for caudal analgesia in children. Br J Anaesth 1994; 72:258-262.
17. Ivani G, De Negri P, Conio A et al. Ropivacaine-clonidine combination for caudal blockade in children. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand. 2000 44:446-449.
18. Jamali S, Monin S, Begon C, Dubousset AM, Ecoffey C. Clonidine in pediatric caudal anesthesia. Anesth Analg 1994; 78:663-666.
19. Lund C, Quitzan S, Grenlich A, Hjortso NC, Kehlet H. Comparison of the effects of epidural clonidine with those of morphine on post-operative pain, stress response, cardiopulmonary function, motor and sensory block. Br J Anaesth 1989; 63:516-519.
20. Vanessen EJ, Bouvill JG, Ploeger EJ, Houben JJ. Pharmacokinetics of clonidine after epidural administration in surgical patients. Lack of correlation between plasma concentration ratios and analgesia and blood pressure changes. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 1992; 36:300-304.
21. Tanaka M, Nishikawa T. The efficacy of a simulated intravascular test dose in sevoflurane anesthetised children: a dose-response study. Anesth Analg 1999; 89:632-637.
22. Shiga M, Nishina K, Mikawa K, Uesugi T, Maekawa N, Obara H. Oral clonidine premedication does not change the efficacy of simulated epidural test dose in sevoflurane-anesthetized children. Anesthesiology 2000; 93:954-958.
23. Guinard J, Mulroy M, Carpenter R, Knopes K. Test dose: optimal epinephrine content with and without acute β blockade in adults during general anaesthesia. Anesthesiology 1990; 84:81-87.
24. Cryer PE. Physiology and pathophysiology of the human sympathoadrenal neuroendocrine system. N Engl J Med 1980; 303:436-444.
25. Parnis SJ, van der Walt JH. A national survey of atropine use by Australian anaesthetists. Anaesth Intensive Care 1994; 22:61-65.
26. Rautakorpi P, Manner T, Kanto J. Anticholinergic drugs in paediatric anaesthesia. A survey of their present position in Finland 1990. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 1999; 43:1057-1059.
27. Mirakhur RK. Preanaesthetic medication: a survey of current usage. JR Soc Med 1991; 84:481-483.
28. Tanaka M, Nishikawa T, Nitta R. Increased T-wave amplitude after accidental intravascular injection of lidocaine plus bupivacaine without epinephrine in a sevoflurane-anaesthetized child. Anesth Analg 2001; 92:915-917.
29. Morton NS. Epidural II: Ropivicaine in children. Br J Anaesth 2000; 85:344-346.
30. Ivani G. Ropivacaine: is it time for children? Paediatr Anaesth 2002; 12:383-387.