Walter Daniel Tull, 1888-1918: Soldier, footballer, Black

Race & Class

Volumn 38, Issue 2, 1996, Pages 51-69

  Vasili, Phil ^a  

^a NONE

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 0041854376     PISSN: 03063968     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1177/030639689603800204     Document Type: Article

References (57)

1. This claim was first made by Edward Tull, Walter's brother in response to Harold Moody that his son Arundel was the first. (Edward and Harold were friends). See Glasgow Evening Times, 12 February 1940; League of Coloured Peoples Newsnotes, no 6 March 1940.
2. Sporting Chronicle (Manchester), 24 April 1918.
3. Interview with Revd Duncan Finlayson (son-in-law of Edward), 22 February 1995.
4. Sporting Chronicle, Edward 1995.
5. Sheffield Sports Special (The Green Un) (15 May 1918).
6. Folkestone, Hythe Sandgate and Cheriton Herald (13 April 1918).
7. Northampton Mercury (12 April 1918).
8. Northampton Daily Chronicle (12 April 1918).
9. Tottenham Weekly Herald (26 April 1918). This list is not exhaustive.
10. Daniel Tull, A Short Journal. An unfinished autobiography held by Jean and Revd Duncan Finlayson (Finlayson Collection).
11. This, and other information on Barbados, from Hilary Beckles A History of Barbados (Cambridge 1990).
12. The NCH Archive, Tull file ‘Epitome of correspondence’ (hereafter Epitome). Letters between Adcock and Stephenson, January-February 1898.
13. 29 January 1898, ‘Epitome’
14. ‘Forty years work, 1869–1909 for the children of sorrow’, Highways and Hedges (July and August 1909), p. 108.
15. Reg Ferm, Ice Cold Charity (Sussex, 1990), an autobiography of orphanage life in the 1920s, describes a cold, compassionless, austere environment.
16. Edward graduated from the Royal Faculty of Physicians and Surgeons, Glasgow in 1910, registering as a practising dentist in 1912 (information from the General Dental Council, London). His first interview after graduation was in Birmingham. On opening the door his interviewer greeted him with the words, ‘my God you're coloured’. The next day he caught the train home to Glasgow. A Methodist connection placed him at a practice in Aberdeen, where he met his wife Elizabeth, daughter of the Bailey of Aberdeen. Information from author's interview with Jean and Duncan Finlayson, Ice Cold Charity (Sussex, 1990).
17. See also his obituary, Ayrshire Post (15 December 1950), p. 8.
18. Football Star (20 March 1909). Up to the date of the report, Tull had not played in a losing Clapton side.
19. Andy Porter, phone call with the author, 12 March 1995. The amateur club in the Midlands may have been Heanor Town, for whom he later played on loan.
20. Illustrated Sporting and Dramatic News (17 April 1909), p. 234.
21. A number of players attempted to resuscitate the union during 1908–9 but they failed to activate mass support form other players, mainly due to a campaign of intimidation by the FA and club chairmen. A meeting of Spurs players addressed by club director T.A. Deacock decided to resign from the union and not rejoin under its present constitution. Tottenham and Edmonton Wednesday Herald (1 September 1909), p. 4.
22. By 1910, only 7 per cent of professionals registered with the FA had joined. For a history of the Professional Footballers Association see John Harding, For the Good of the Game (London, 1991).
23. Harding, For the Good of the Game, 1991, p. 29
24. Buenos Aires Herald (hereafter BAH) (20 May 1909).
25. BAH (8 June 1909).
26. BAH (17 June 1909), p. 9.
27. Two hundred thousand workers struck during the first ten days in May. The militancy was put down with force. BAH (6 June 1909), p. 3 9.
28. Tony Mason, ‘Futbol and politics in Latin America’, Race and Class, Vol. 36, no. 4 (April–June 1995), pp. 71–2.
29. For a fuller discussion of the development of football in South America, see Tony Mason, Passion of the People? (London 1995).
30. BAH (6 June 1909), p. 3.
31. Tottenham and Wood Green Advertiser (4, 11, 18 September 1909), pp. 6 and 7. The crowd of 32,275 was the largest in the country and testified to the growing power and eminence of Tottenham as one of the country's leading clubs. The reports now began to prefix Tull with ‘Darkie’, continuing a tradition that began with commentary on Arthur Wharton in 1886.
32. Daily Chronicle (13 September 1909), p. 8.
33. Andy Porter, Daily Chronicle (13 September 1909), p. 8.
34. Phone call with Nick Ansell, Northampton Town FC, 7 March 1995.
35. Northampton Mercury (20 October 1911).
36. Rushden Echo (12 April 1918).
37. Northampton Daily Chronicle (NDC) (18 October 1911).
38. Nick Ansell, Northampton Daily Chronicle (NDC) (18 October 1911).
39. NDC (22 December 1914).
40. Ministry of Defence: Service Record of W.D. Tull, private correspondence between MoD and Jean Finlayson (ref.cs (rm) 26). 4 September 1995.
41. 23 May, p. 9. See Jeffrey Green, ‘Edwardian Britain's Forest Pygmies’, History Today (August 1995), pp. 33–39, for a discussion on the economic commodification of the concept ‘Savage Africa’.
42. Jeffrey P. Green, ‘Boxing and the “Colour Question” in Edwardian Britain: The “White Problem” of 1911’, in International Journal of the History of Sport (5, 1988), 118.
43. The Football Star (October 1909). The report carried the sub-heading ‘Football and the Colour Prejudice’.
44. Jean Finlayson, The Football Star 1909. ‘Football and the Colour Prejudice’ Direct hostility to the war could not be expressed in his letters from the front, but their tone changed and became more sombre as the war progressed.
45. David Killingray, ‘All the King's Men? Blacks in the British Army in the First World War, 1914–1918’ in Under the Imperial Carpet: Essays in Black History 1780–1950 (Crawley, 1986) p. 166 167–9.
46. minute ‘Enlistment of Eurasians into British Regiments’. 29 December 1886, P.R.O. Kew, W.O.32/6889 pp. 167–71 168.
47. in particular, extract from the Manual of Military Law, p. 471. This states that ‘aliens’ (including ‘Negroes’) can be commissioned in an honorary rank but must not ‘exercise any actual command or power’.
48. Interview with Douglas Brown, brother of Roy Brown. Stoke. 10 May 1995.
49. Killingray, 1995, p. 170.
50. A.F. Pollard in a letter to The Times (7 November 1914).
51. in Mason, The Times 1914), p. 251 254 238.
52. Ian V. Hogg, Dictionary of World War I (Oxford. 1994).
53. War Diaries, Dictionary of World War I 1994 pp. 172–75.
54. War Diaries, Dictionary of World War I, 26 January 1918.
55. See also Glasgow Evening Times (12 Februay 1940).
56. Peter Fryer, Staying Power: the history of black people in Britain (London, 1991), pp. 294–311.
57. See T. Cliff and D. Gluckstein, The Labour Party: a marxist history (London, 1988).