Effect of tillage, clipping and climate on grass phytomass in a Zambian savanna

Journal of Tropical Ecology

Volumn 19, Issue 4, 2003, Pages 407-415

  Chidumayo, Emmanuel N ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF ZAMBIA   (Zambia)

Author keywords

Grass production; Linear models; Permanent plots; Precipitation use efficiency; Temperature; Zambia

Indexed keywords

BIOMASS; CLIMATE; CLIPPING; GRASS; PRIMARY PRODUCTION; SAVANNA; TILLAGE;

ZAMBIA;

POACEAE;

EID: 0041846880     PISSN: 02664674     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1017/S0266467403003456     Document Type: Article

References (40)

1. ACRES, B. D., BLAIR-RAINS, A., KING, R. B., LAWTON, R. M., MITCHELL, A. J. B. & RACKHAM, L. J. 1985. African dambos: their distribution characteristics and use. Zeitschrift fur Geomorphologie, Supplementband 52:63-86.
2. ANALYTICAL SOFTWARE 2000. Statistix for Windows (User's manual). Analytical Software, Tallahassee. 359 pp.
3. ARAKI, S. 1992. The role of miombo woodland ecosystem in chitemene shifting cultivation in northern Zambia. Japan InfoMAB 11:8-15.
4. BARNES, D. L. 1965. A stocking-rate trial in the Rhodesian high-altitude sandveld. Rhodesia, Zambia and Malawi Journal of Agriculture Research 3:101-107.
5. BARNES, D. L., SWART, M., SMITH, M. F. & WILTSHIRE, G. H. 1991. Relations between soil factors and herbage yields of natural grassland on sandy soils in the south-eastern Transvaal. Journal of the Grassland Society of Southern Africa 8:92-89.
6. BROOKMAN-AMISSAH, J., HALL, J. B., SWAINE, M. D. & ATTAKORAH, J. Y. 1980. A re-assessment of a fire protection experiment in north-eastern Ghana savanna. Journal of Applied Ecology 17:85-99.
7. CHIDUMAYO, E. N. 1997a. Miombo ecology and management: an introduction. Intermediate Technology Publications, London. 166 pp.
8. CHIDUMAYO, E. N. 1997b. Annual and spatial variation in herbaceous biomass production in a Zambian dry miombo woodland. South African Journal of Botany 63:74-81.
9. CHIDUMAYO, E. N. 2001. Climate and phenology of savanna vegetation in southern Africa. Journal of Vegetation Science 12:347-354.
10. DE LEEUW, P. N. & TOTHILL, J. C. 1993. The concept of rangeland carrying capacity in sub-Saharan Africa - myth or reality. Pp. 136-152 in Behnke, R. H., Scoones, I. & Kerven, C. (eds). Range ecology at disequilibrium. Overseas Development Institute, London.
11. DESHMUKH, I. K. 1984. A common relationship between precipitation and grassland peak biomass for East and southern Africa. African Journal of Ecology 22:181-186.
12. DYE, P. J. & WALKER, B. H. 1987. Patterns of shoot growth in a semi-arid grassland in Zimbabwe. Journal of Applied Ecology 24:633-644.
13. FROST, P. G. H. 1985. Organic matter and nutrient dynamics in a broadleafed African savanna. Pp. 200-206 in Tothill, J. C. & Mott, J. J. (eds). Ecology and management of the world's savannas. Australian Academy of Science, Canberra.
14. FROST, P., MEDINA, E., MENAUT, J.-C., SOLBRIG, O., SWIFT, M. & WALKER, B. 1986. Responses of savannas to stress and disturbance. Biology International (Special Issue). 78 pp.
15. GAMBIZA, J., BOND, W., FROST, P. G. H. & HIGGINS, S. 2000. A simulation model of miombo woodland dynamics under different management regimes. Ecological Economics 33:353-368.
16. HARRINGTON, G. N. & JOHNS, G. G. 1990. Herbaceous biomass in a Eucalyptus savanna woodland after removing trees and/or shrubs. Journal of Applied Ecology 27:775-787.
17. HOOD, R. J. 1967. A guide to the grasses of Zambia. Ministry of Agriculture, Lusaka. 75 pp.
18. HOOD, R. J. 1972. The development of a system of beef production for use in the Brachystegia woodlands of northern Zambia. Ph.D. thesis, University of Reading (Department of Agriculture), Reading.
19. HOPKINS, B. 1966. Vegetation of the Olokemeji Forest Reserve, Nigeria. IV. The litter and soil with special reference to their seasonal changes. Journal of Ecology 54:687-703.
20. INGRAM, J. 1991. Wetlands in drylands: the agroecology of savanna systems in Africa. Part 2: Soil and water processes. IIED, London. 69 pp.
21. JOBBAGY, E. G. & SALA, O. E. 2000. Controls of grass and shrub aboveground production in the Patagonian steppe. Ecological Applications 10:541-549.
22. KELLY, R. D. & WALKER, B. H. 1976. The effects of different forms of land use on the ecology of a semi-arid region in south-eastern Rhodesia. Journal of Ecology 64:553-576.
23. KNOOP, W. T. & WALKER, B. H 1985. Interactions of woody and herbaceous vegetation in a southern African savanna. Journal of Ecology 73:235-253.
24. MENAUT, J.-C. & CESAR, J. 1979. Structure and primary productivity of Lamto savannas, Ivory Coast. Ecology 60:1197-1210.
25. MENAUT, J.-C., BARBAULT, R., LAVELLE, P. & LEPAGE, M. 1985. African savannas: biological systems of humification and mineralization. Pp. 14-33 in Tothill, J. C. & Mott, J. J. (eds). Ecology and management of the world's savannas. Australian Academy of Science, Canberra.
26. O'CONNOR, T. G., HAINES, L. M. & SNYMAN, H. A. 2001. Influence of precipitation and species composition on phytomass of a semi-arid African grassland. Journal of Ecology 89:850-860.
27. OGUNTALA, A. B. 1980. The effects of fire on aspects of nitrogen cycling in Olokemeji Forest Reserve, Nigeria. Pp. 317-323 in Rosswall, T. (ed.). Nitrogen cycling in West African ecosystems. SCOPE/UNEP International Nitrogen Unit, Swedish Academy of Sciences, Stockholm.
28. OSTERHELD, M., LORETI, J., SEMARTIN, M. & SALA, O. E. 2001. Inter-annual variation in primary production of a semi-arid grassland related to previous-year production. Journal of Vegetation Science 12:137-142.
29. PRINCE, S. D. & ASTLE, W. L. 1986. Satellite remote sensing of rangelands in Botswana. I. Landsat MSS and herbaceous vegetation. International Journal of Remote Sensing 7:1533-1553.
30. RUTHERFORD, M. C. 1978. Primary production ecology in southern Africa. Pp. 621-659 in Werger, M. J. A. (ed.). Biogeography and ecology of southern Africa. Dr W. Junk Publishers, The Hague.
31. RUTHERFORD, M. C. 1980. Annual plant production-precipitation relationships in arid and semi-arid regions. South African Journal of Science 76:53-56.
32. SCOONES, I. 1991. Wetlands in drylands: the agroecology of savanna systems in Africa. Part 1: overview - ecological, economic and social issues. IIED, London. 82 pp.
33. STRANG, R. M. 1969. Soil moisture relations under grassland and woodland in the Rhodesian highveld. Commonwealth Forestry Review 48:26-40.
34. STRANG, R. M. 1974. Some man made changes in successional trends on the Rhodesian highveld. Journal of Applied Ecology 11:249-263.
35. STROMGAARD, P. 1984. Early secondary succession on abandoned shifting cultivators' plots in the miombo of south central Africa. Biotropica 18:97-106.
36. STROMGAARD, P. 1990. Effects of mound-cultivation on concentration of nutrients in a Zambian miombo woodland soil. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment 32:295-313.
37. TRAPNELL, C. G. 1959. Ecological results of woodland burning experiments in Northern Rhodesia. Journal of Ecology 47:129-168.
38. WARD, H. K. & CLEGHORN, W. B. 1970. Effects of grazing practices on tree regrowth after clearing indigenous woodland. Rhodesia Journal of Agriculture Research 8:57-65.
39. WEBB, W., SZAREK, S., LAURENROTH, W., KINERSON, R. & SMITH, M. 1978. Primary productivity and water use in native forest, grassland and desert ecosystems. Ecology 59:1239-1247.
40. WHITE, J. 1985. The census of plants in vegetation. Pp. 33-88 in White, J. (ed.). The population structure of vegetation. Dr W. Junk Publishers, Dordrecht.