Durability of bricks used in the conservation of historic buildings - Influence of composition and microstructure

Journal of Cultural Heritage

Volumn 4, Issue 2, 2003, Pages 91-99

  Elert, Kerstin ^a   Cultrone, Giuseppe ^a   Rodriguez Navarro, Carlos ^a   Sebastián Pardo, Eduardo ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF GRANADA   (Spain)

Author keywords

Architectural conservation; Bricks; Clay mineralogy; Mechanical properties; Physico chemical characteristics; Standard tests

Indexed keywords

EID: 0041841568     PISSN: 12962074     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S1296-2074(03)00020-7     Document Type: Article

References (32)

1. De la Torre López M.J. Rodríguez Gordillo J. Sebastián Pardo E. Mineralogical and chemical characteristics of bricks from some archaeological sites in the Alhambra, Granada (Spain) Mineralogica et Petrografica Acta 35-A 1992 171-179
2. De la Torre López M.J. Sebastián Pardo E. Rodríguez Navarro C. Martín García M. Buendia Moreno A. Valverde Espinosa I. Estudio de los materiales de construcción de la Alcazaba de Loja, Granada, España Sebastián in: Pardo E Valverde Espinosa I Zezza U (Eds.), III Congreso Internacional de Rehabilitacion del Patrimonio Arquitectonico y Edificacion, Granada, Spain 20-25 May 1996 221-224
3. Espinosa Gaitán J. Villegas Sánchez R. Sebastián Pardo E. Characterization of the bricks used in the construction of the Alcazaba (Malaga, Spain) in: Riederer J (Ed.), Proceedings of the Eighth International Congress on Deterioration and Conservation of Stone, Berlin, Germany 30 September-4 October 1996 1679-1683
4. De la Torre López M.J. Sebastián Pardo E. The effect of urban pollution on construction materials: stone and brick in: Riederer J (Ed.), Proceedings of the Eighth International Congress on Deterioration and Conservation of Stone, Berlin, Germany 30 September-4 October 1996 325-331
5. Peters T. Iberg R. Mineral changes during firing of calcium-rich brick clays Ceramic Bulletin 57 5 1978 503-509
6. H. Kühn, Erhaltung und Pflege von Kunstwerken und Antiquitären (Band 2), Keysersche Verlagsbuchhandlung, München, 424 p.
7. Cultrone G. Sebastian E. Cazalla O. De la Torre López M.J. Physical, mineralogical and textural features of ceramic clays from Granada Province (Spain) in: Gomes C.S.F (Ed.), Proceedings of the Second Mediterranean Clay Meeting, Aveiro, Portugal 16-19 September 1998 298-303
8. Tite M.S. Maniatis Y. Examination of ancient pottery using the scanning electron microscope Nature 257 1975 122-123
9. Tite M.S. Maniatis Y. Scanning electron microscopy of fired calcareous clays Transaction of the British Ceramic Society 74 1975 19-22
10. Cultrone G. Sebastian E. Cazalla O. De la Torre López M.J. Rodriguez-Navarro C. Colorimetric analysis and decay behaviour of bricks in: Galán E Zezza F (Eds.), Protection and Conservation of the Cultural Heritage of the Mediterranean Cities, Proceedings of the Fifth International Symposium on the Conservation of Monuments in the Mediterranean Basin, Seville, Spain 5-8 April 2000 145-152
11. Cultrone G. Rodriguez-Navarro C. Sebastián Pardo E. Cazalla O. De la Torre López M.J. Carbonate and silicate phase reactions during ceramic firing European Journal of Mineralogy 13 2001 621-634
12. Normal 7/81 Assorbimento d'acqua per immersione totale. Capacità di imbibizione 1981 CNR-ICR Rome, Italy
13. Normal 29/88 Misura dell' indice di asciugamento (drying index) 1988 CNR-ICR Rome, Italy
14. RILEM Recommended Tests to Measure the Deterioration of Stone and to Assess the Effectiveness of Treatment Methods 1980 International Association of Testing and Research Laboratories for Materials and Structures Cachan cedex, France
15. UNE 67-026-86 Ladrillos de arcilla cocida. Determinación de la Resistencia a la Compresión 1986 Asociación Española de Normalización y Certificación (AENOR) Madrid, Spain
16. UNE 67-028-84 Ladrillos de arcilla cocida. Ensayo de Helacidad 1984 Asociación Española de Normalización y Certificación (AENOR) Madrid, Spain
17. UNE 7136 Estabilidad de áridos frente a disoluciones de sulfato sódico o sulfato magnésico 1958 Asociación Española de Normalización y Certificación (AENOR) Madrid, Spain
18. Alia J.M. Edwards H.G.M. Garcia-Navarro F.J. Parras-Armenteros J. Sanchez-Jimenez C.J. Application of FT-Raman spectroscopy to quality control in brick clays firing process Talanta 50 1999 291-298
19. Maniatis Y. Simpoulos A. Kostikas A. Moessbauer study of the effect of calcium content on iron oxide transformation in fired clays Journal of the American Ceramic Society 64 5 1981 263-269
20. ASTM C62-00 Standard Specification for Building Brick (Solid Masonry Units Made from Clay or Shale) 2000 American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) West Conshohocken, PA, USA
21. Pliego RL-88 Pliego General de Condiciones para la Recepción de Ladrillos Cerámicos en las Obras de Construcción 1988 Ministerio de Obras Públicas, Transportes y Medio Ambiente Spain
22. Laird R.T. Worcester M. The inhibiting of lime blowing Transaction of the British Ceramic Society 55 1956 545-563
23. Esbert R.M. Ordaz J. Alonso F.J. Montoto M. Manual de diagnosis y tratamiento de materiales pétreos y cerámicos 1997 Collegi d'Aparelladors i Arquitectes Técnics de Barcelona Spain 139 p
24. Moropoulou A. Bakolas A. Aggelakopoulou E. The effects of limestone characteristics and calcination temperature to the reactivity of the quicklime Cement and Concrete Research 31 2001 633-639
25. Winslow D.N. Kilgour C.L. Crooks R.W. Predicting the durability of bricks Journal of Testing and Evaluation 16 6 1988 527-531
26. Bellanger M. Homand F. Remy J.M. Water behaviour in limestones as a function of pore structure: application to frost resistance of some lorraine limestones Engineering Geology 36 1993 99-108
27. Binda L. Baronio G. Measurement of the resistance to deterioration of old and new bricks by means of accelerated ageing tests Durability of Building Materials 2 1984 139-154
28. Honeyborne D.B. Harris P.B. The structure of porous building stone and its relation to weathering behaviour in: Everett D.H Stone F.S (Eds.), Proceedings of the Tenth Symposium of the Colston Research Society - The Structure and Properties of Porous Materials, Butterworths, London, UK 1958 343-365
29. Scherer G.W. Crystallisation in pores Cement and Concrete Research 29 1999 1347-1358
30. Klug H.P. Alexander L.E. X-ray Procedures for Polycrystalline and Amorphous Materials 1967 John Wiley and Sons New York 715 p
31. De la Torre López M.J. Estudio de los materiales de construccion en la Alhambra, Monográfica Arte y Arqueología 28 1995 Universidad de Granada y Instituto Andaluz del Patrimonio Histórico - Consejería de Cultura, Junta de Andalucía Spain 211 p
32. Charola A.E. Lazzarini L. Deterioration of brick masonry caused by acid rain American Chemical Society Symposium Series 318, Arlington, Virginia, USA 1995 250-258