Offshore renewable energy: Smooth permitting, environmental assessment and fair use allocation

Journal of Water Law

Volumn 14, Issue 2, 2003, Pages 73-95

  Plant, Glen ^a  

^a MELP   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT; MARINE POLICY; OFFSHORE ENGINEERING; WIND POWER;

EID: 0041833177     PISSN: 14785277     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Article

References (62)

1. R Zedalis, International Energy Law: Rules Governing Future Exploration, Exploitation and Use of Renewable Resources (Ashgate, 2000), pp. 12-15,
2. Windpower Monthly, April 2003, p. 43
3. New Energy, April 2003, p. 20.
4. New Energy (the magazine of the European Renewable Energies Federation) 2/2002 (April 2002), p. 62.
5. C Hinsch, 'A new age in alternative power production. The Federal Maritime and Hydrographic Agency approves Germany's first offshore wind energy project', New Energy 6/2001 (December 2001).
6. 'A second windfarm in the North Sea has been approved by Germany's maritime planning authority', Refocus Weekly, 8 January 2003.
7. N Martin, 'Identifying Commercial Sites', Windpower Monthly, May 2002, pp. 31-32.
8. PIU, Renewable Energy in the UK - Building for the Future of the Environment (October 2001), para. 4.1
9. http://www.cabinet-office.gov.uk/innovation/2001/energy/Renewener.shtml (site visited 27 April 2002).
10. 'Crown Estate inundated with offshore wind applications' [2003] 339 ENDS Report 8, 9.
11. T Macalister, 'Wind farm group shelves £330m scheme', The Guardian, 19 July 2002)
12. DTI Future Offshore: A Strategic Framework for the Offshore Wind Industry (November 2002), p. 53.
13. Wind Energy, Defence and Civil Aviation Interests Working Group, 'Wind Energy and Aviation Interests - Interim Guidance', available at http://www.dti.gov.uk/renewable/pdf.html#wind> (site visited 13 January 2003).
14. M Nicholson, 'Offshore wind farm plans', Financial Times, 14 June 2002.
15. BMT Cordah Limited, 'Offshore Wind Energy Generation: Phase 1 Proposals and Environmental Report' (April 2003), pp. 1-7 to 9 and 10.
16. S Lyster, International Wildlife Law (Grotius Press, Cambridge, (1985), ch. 10);
17. http://www.ramsar.org/profiles_uk.htm (site visited 24 June 2002),
18. http://www.jncc.gov.uk/idt (site visited 10 May 2003).
19. http://www.unesco.org/heritage.htm#debut (site visited 24 June 2002).
20. http://www.biodiv.org/decisions/default.asp?dec=11/10;
21. M Goote, 'The Jakarta Mandate on Marine and Coastal Biological Diversity' (1997) 12 IJMCL 377.
22. G Carducci, 'New Developments in the Law of the Sea: the Convention on the Protection of Underwater Cultural Heritage' (2002) 96 AJIL 419.
23. 'Outcome of the Fisheries Council of 16-20 December 2002', EC Press Release (23 December 2002);
24. http://www.europa.eu.int/comm/fisheries/newsrner/press/inf02.htm#3 (site visited 16 January 2003).
25. DTI Guidance Note, Offshore Windfarm Consents Process for England and Wales (2001), p. 4,
26. http://www.dti.gov.uk/energy/pdf/consentsenglish.pdf (site visited 24 May 2002).
27. S Holmes and M Trinick, 'Paving the Way: Consenting Processes for Offshore Renewable Energy', UKELA E-Journal (May 2002),5, 6;
28. the UK Environmental Law Association website at http://www.ukela.org.uk.
29. M Jones, 'NATIONAL NEWS: Fishermen pose legal threat to offshore wind farms', Financial Times, 4 March 2002.
30. Wisdom's Law of Watercourses, 5th edn (Shaw & Sons, 1992), p. 141).
31. R Buckley, The Law of Nuisance (Butterworths, 1996), p. 85,
32. MCEU, Offshore Wind Farms - Guidance Note for Environmental Impact Assessment in respect of FEPA and CPA Requirements (2001).
33. 'International Traffic Separation Schemes in the New Law of the Sea' (1985) 9 Marine Policy 134 at 136, n. 17.
34. JA Roach and RW Smith, United States Responses to Excessive Maritime Claims, 2nd edn (Martinus Nijhoff, 1996), p. 385.
35. A Cockcroft, 'The Development of Routeing in Coastal Waters' (1985) 38 Journal of Navigation 77.
36. 'International Legal Aspects of Vessel Traffic Services' (1990) 14 Marine Policy 71.
37. C Johnston, C Turnbull and M Tasker, Natura 2000 in UK Offshore Waters: Advice to support the implementation of the EC Habitats and Birds Directives in UK offshore waters, JNCC Report 325 (2001);
38. http://www.jncc.gov.uk/publications/jncc325/intro325.htm (site visited 8 May 2003).
39. http://www.jncc.gov.uk/idt (site visited 10 May 2003)
40. http://europa.eu.int/comm/environment/nature/barometer/barometer.pdf (site visited 13 January 2003);
41. 'Offshore wind industry objects to marine conservation Bill' [2001] 322 ENDS Report 33.
42. I Townend, 'Industry: An Overview of Some of the Port Issues', in Clare Coffey/DG-XI, EC (eds), Implementing the Habitats Directive in Marine and Coastal Areas, Proceedings of a Seminar held at Morecambe Bay, England, 22-24 June 1997, EC doc. CR-16-98-239-EN-C, 49, 51-53;
43. http://europa.eu.int/comm/dg11/nature/home.htm (site visited 17 May 2002).
44. 'Fisheries Management and Nature Conservation in the Marine Environment', COM (1999) 363 final (14 July 1999).
45. R Long and A Grehan, 'Marine Habitat Protection in Sea Areas under the Jurisdiction of a Coastal Member State of the European Union: the Case of Deep-Water Coral Conservation in Ireland' (2002) 17 IJMCL 235 at 250-252.
46. C Hunt, 'Greenpeace and the US Navy: Confrontation on the High Seas', US Naval War College paper (14 May 1990)
47. Hunter, The Greenpeace Chronicle (Picador Press, 1980), pp. 293, 380, 438
48. Plant 'International Law and Direct Action Protests at Sea: Twenty Years on' XXXIX Netherlands Year Book Int Law (2002) Forthcoming.
49. http://www.gov.uk/2003/fish/downloads/scope.pdf (site visited 22 May 2(03).
50. G Ulfstein, 'The Conflict between Petroleum Production, Navigation and Fisheries in International Law' (1988) 19 ODIL 229 at 244.
51. J Calvert, 'Navigation and Offshore Oil', World Petroleum, November 1964, 44 at 44-46.
52. Daily Telegraph, 9 May 2002, p. 2.
53. New Energy, 2/2002 (April 2002), p. 62.
54. Germanischer Lloyd, Annual Report 2001, pp. 64-65;
55. http://www.germanlloyd.org/facts/magazines/ann_01/services01.pdf
56. http://www.ecn.nl/unit_de/wind/main.html (sites visited 25 July 2002).
57. http://www.crownestate.co.uk/estates/marine/windfarms/windbase/ windbase.html,
58. G Plant, 'The Relationship between International Navigation Rights and Environmental Protection: A Legal Analysis of Mandatory Ship Traffic Systems', in H Ringbom (ed.), Competing Norms in the Law of Marine Environmental Protection (Kluwer, 1997), pp. 11, 17-19.
59. Aline de Bièvre, 'Voyage Planning: Maximum Flexibility or Regulatory Diktat', Lloyd's List, 6 January 1997, 16.
60. http://www.defra.gov.uk/environment/consult/mehra (site visited 9 May 2003),
61. 'Proposals at Last on Marine Environment High Risk Areas' [2001] 301 ENDS Report 39.
62. 'Legal Environmental Restraints upon Navigation Post-Braer' (1992) 9/10 OGLTR 245 at 255-256, 261-263.