Savage or Solitary?: The Wild Child and Rousseau's Man of Nature

Journal of the History of Ideas

Volumn 62, Issue 2, 2001, Pages 245-261

  Yousef, Nancy ^a  

^a NONE

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[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 0041832037     PISSN: 00225037     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2307/3654357     Document Type: Article

References (63)

1. Jean-Jacques Rousseau, "Discourse on the Origins of Inequality among Men," in The First and Second Discourses and Essay on the Origins of Languages, trans. Victor Gourevitch (New York, 1986), 145.
2. References will be both to the Gourevitch translation and to the Discours in Oeuvres complètes de Jean-Jacques Rousseau, III, ed. Bernard Gagnebin and Marcel Raymond (Paris, 1964).
3. See Thierry Gineste, Victor de l'Aveyron: Dernier enfant sauvage, premier enfant fou (Paris, 1993), Harlan Lane, The Wild Boy of Aveyron (Cambridge, 1979), and Roger Shattuck, The Forbidden Experiment: The Story of the Wild Boy of Aveyron (New York, 1980).
4. See Thierry Gineste, Victor de l'Aveyron: Dernier enfant sauvage, premier enfant fou (Paris, 1993), Harlan Lane, The Wild Boy of Aveyron (Cambridge, 1979), and Roger Shattuck, The Forbidden Experiment: The Story of the Wild Boy of Aveyron (New York, 1980).
5. See Thierry Gineste, Victor de l'Aveyron: Dernier enfant sauvage, premier enfant fou (Paris, 1993), Harlan Lane, The Wild Boy of Aveyron (Cambridge, 1979), and Roger Shattuck, The Forbidden Experiment: The Story of the Wild Boy of Aveyron (New York, 1980).
6. See Julia Douthwaite, "Homo ferus: Between Monster and Model," Eighteenth Century Life, 20 (1997), 176-202; Lucien Maison, Wolf Children, tr. Joan White (London, 1972), 38-42; and Franck Tinland,L'Homme Sauvage: Homo Ferus et Homo Sylvestris, de l'animal à l'homme (Paris, 1968), 61-87.
7. See Julia Douthwaite, "Homo ferus: Between Monster and Model," Eighteenth Century Life, 20 (1997), 176-202; Lucien Maison, Wolf Children, tr. Joan White (London, 1972), 38-42; and Franck Tinland,L'Homme Sauvage: Homo Ferus et Homo Sylvestris, de l'animal à l'homme (Paris, 1968), 61-87.
8. See Julia Douthwaite, "Homo ferus: Between Monster and Model," Eighteenth Century Life, 20 (1997), 176-202; Lucien Maison, Wolf Children, tr. Joan White (London, 1972), 38-42; and Franck Tinland,L'Homme Sauvage: Homo Ferus et Homo Sylvestris, de l'animal à l'homme (Paris, 1968), 61-87.
9. The report is reproduced in Gineste, 142-43; quoted and translated in Lane, 18.
10. De l' education d'un homme sauvage ou des premiers développements physiques et moraux de jeune sauvage de l'Aveyron (1801), repr. in Malson, 91-140.
11. Gineste, 247; Lane, 147.
12. Gineste, 247; Lane, 147.
13. Gineste, 206; Lane, 41.
14. Gineste, 206; Lane, 41.
15. Malson, 103 and 127.
16. Gineste, 241.
17. Malson, 114.
18. Gineste, 247; Lane, 47.
19. Gineste, 247; Lane, 47.
20. Malson, 138.
21. Irreversible inability to learn language, cognitive retardation, impairment in the capacity to interact with others similar to that seen in cases of autism, inability to smile or recognize mirror reflection: these are some of the characteristics common both to feral children and so-called "closet children" imprisoned within their own homes by abusive or disturbed parents. See Malson, 10.
22. Gineste, 199; Lane, 34.
23. Gineste, 199; Lane, 34.
24. Malson, 100.
25. Gineste, 199; Lane, 34.
26. Gineste, 199; Lane, 34.
27. Malson, 120.
28. Gineste, 236; Lane 38.
29. Gineste, 236; Lane 38.
30. Malson, 120.
31. Gineste, 202; Lane, 38 and Malson, 139.
32. Gineste, 202; Lane, 38 and Malson, 139.
33. Gineste, 202; Lane, 38 and Malson, 139.
34. Gineste, 241.
35. Gineste, 241.
36. Gineste, 203; Lane, 39.
37. Gineste, 203; Lane, 39.
38. Malson, 168.
39. Gineste, 241.
40. See Uta Frith, Autism: Explaining the Enigma (Oxford, 1989), 16-26.
41. Gineste, 236; Lane, 39. See Simon Baron-Cohen, Mindblindness: An Essay on Autism and Theory of Mind (Cambridge, Mass., 1995).
42. Gineste, 200; Lane, 36 and Malson, 117.
43. Gineste, 200; Lane, 36 and Malson, 117.
44. Gineste, 200; Lane, 36 and Malson, 117.
45. Rapport fait à s.e. Le Ministre de l'Intérieur sur les nouveaux développements et l'état actuel du sauvage de l'Aveyron (1807), repr. in Malson, 149-79. See Lane, 133-82, for detailed discussion of Itard's efforts to instruct Victor in the use of language.
46. Rapport fait à s.e. Le Ministre de l'Intérieur sur les nouveaux développements et l'état actuel du sauvage de l'Aveyron (1807), repr. in Malson, 149-79. See Lane, 133-82, for detailed discussion of Itard's efforts to instruct Victor in the use of language.
47. See Locke, An Essay Concerning Human Understanding (1689; Oxford, 1975), II, xi, §17, and Condillac, Traité des Sensations (1754).
48. See Locke, An Essay Concerning Human Understanding (1689; Oxford, 1975), II, xi, §17, and Condillac, Traité des Sensations (1754).
49. E. B. Condillac, Treatise on the Sensations in Philosophical Writings of Etienne Bonnot, Abbé de Condillac, tr. Franklin Philip with the collaboration of Harlan Lane (Hillsdale, N.J., 1982), 330-31.
50. For a recent and related feminist treatment of the philosophical tendency to deemphasize interdependence and develop theories of personhood based on conceptions of "separateness and autonomy," see Annette Baier, Moral Prejudices: Essays on Ethics (Cambridge, Mass., 1994), 313-26. Baier is particularly interested in the occlusion of the period of infantile and childhood dependence in philosophical accounts of development.
51. Jean-Jacques Rousseau, Lettre à Christophe de Beaumont, Oeuvres Complètes, IV, 936.
52. Oeuvres complètes, 1328.
53. Charles Hendel, Jean-Jacques Rousseau, Moralist (New York, 1934), 51. See Victor Goldschmidt, Anthropologie et politique: Les principes du sytème de Rousseau (Paris, 1974), 175-219.
54. Charles Hendel, Jean-Jacques Rousseau, Moralist (New York, 1934), 51. See Victor Goldschmidt, Anthropologie et politique: Les principes du sytème de Rousseau (Paris, 1974), 175-219.
55. Victor Gourevitch, "Rousseau's Pure State of Nature," Interpretation, 16 (1988), 54. Also Goldschmidt, 303ff; Jim Macadam, "Rousseau's Criticism of Hobbesian Egoism" in Jim Macadam, Michael Neumann, and Guy Lafrance (eds.), Trent Rousseau Papers (Ottawa, 1980), 127; Heinrich Meier "The Discourse on the Origin and Foundation of Inequality among Men: On the Intention of Rousseau's Most Philosophical Work," Interpretation, 16 (1988), 220; Jean Terrasse, "La Statue de Glaucus" in Jean Terrasse (ed), Etudes sur les Discours de Rousseau (Ottawa, 1988), 69; and Nancy Yousef, "Natural Man as Imaginary Animal: The Challenge of Facts and the Place of Animal Life in Rousseau's Discourse on the Origins of Inequality," Interpretation, 27 (2000), 113-32.
56. Victor Gourevitch, "Rousseau's Pure State of Nature," Interpretation, 16 (1988), 54. Also Goldschmidt, 303ff; Jim Macadam, "Rousseau's Criticism of Hobbesian Egoism" in Jim Macadam, Michael Neumann, and Guy Lafrance (eds.), Trent Rousseau Papers (Ottawa, 1980), 127; Heinrich Meier "The Discourse on the Origin and Foundation of Inequality among Men: On the Intention of Rousseau's Most Philosophical Work," Interpretation, 16 (1988), 220; Jean Terrasse, "La Statue de Glaucus" in Jean Terrasse (ed), Etudes sur les Discours de Rousseau (Ottawa, 1988), 69; and Nancy Yousef, "Natural Man as Imaginary Animal: The Challenge of Facts and the Place of Animal Life in Rousseau's Discourse on the Origins of Inequality," Interpretation, 27 (2000), 113-32.
57. Victor Gourevitch, "Rousseau's Pure State of Nature," Interpretation, 16 (1988), 54. Also Goldschmidt, 303ff; Jim Macadam, "Rousseau's Criticism of Hobbesian Egoism" in Jim Macadam, Michael Neumann, and Guy Lafrance (eds.), Trent Rousseau Papers (Ottawa, 1980), 127; Heinrich Meier "The Discourse on the Origin and Foundation of Inequality among Men: On the Intention of Rousseau's Most Philosophical Work," Interpretation, 16 (1988), 220; Jean Terrasse, "La Statue de Glaucus" in Jean Terrasse (ed), Etudes sur les Discours de Rousseau (Ottawa, 1988), 69; and Nancy Yousef, "Natural Man as Imaginary Animal: The Challenge of Facts and the Place of Animal Life in Rousseau's Discourse on the Origins of Inequality," Interpretation, 27 (2000), 113-32.
58. Victor Gourevitch, "Rousseau's Pure State of Nature," Interpretation, 16 (1988), 54. Also Goldschmidt, 303ff; Jim Macadam, "Rousseau's Criticism of Hobbesian Egoism" in Jim Macadam, Michael Neumann, and Guy Lafrance (eds.), Trent Rousseau Papers (Ottawa, 1980), 127; Heinrich Meier "The Discourse on the Origin and Foundation of Inequality among Men: On the Intention of Rousseau's Most Philosophical Work," Interpretation, 16 (1988), 220; Jean Terrasse, "La Statue de Glaucus" in Jean Terrasse (ed), Etudes sur les Discours de Rousseau (Ottawa, 1988), 69; and Nancy Yousef, "Natural Man as Imaginary Animal: The Challenge of Facts and the Place of Animal Life in Rousseau's Discourse on the Origins of Inequality," Interpretation, 27 (2000), 113-32.
59. Victor Gourevitch, "Rousseau's Pure State of Nature," Interpretation, 16 (1988), 54. Also Goldschmidt, 303ff; Jim Macadam, "Rousseau's Criticism of Hobbesian Egoism" in Jim Macadam, Michael Neumann, and Guy Lafrance (eds.), Trent Rousseau Papers (Ottawa, 1980), 127; Heinrich Meier "The Discourse on the Origin and Foundation of Inequality among Men: On the Intention of Rousseau's Most Philosophical Work," Interpretation, 16 (1988), 220; Jean Terrasse, "La Statue de Glaucus" in Jean Terrasse (ed), Etudes sur les Discours de Rousseau (Ottawa, 1988), 69; and Nancy Yousef, "Natural Man as Imaginary Animal: The Challenge of Facts and the Place of Animal Life in Rousseau's Discourse on the Origins of Inequality," Interpretation, 27 (2000), 113-32.
60. Victor Gourevitch, "Rousseau's Pure State of Nature," Interpretation, 16 (1988), 54. Also Goldschmidt, 303ff; Jim Macadam, "Rousseau's Criticism of Hobbesian Egoism" in Jim Macadam, Michael Neumann, and Guy Lafrance (eds.), Trent Rousseau Papers (Ottawa, 1980), 127; Heinrich Meier "The Discourse on the Origin and Foundation of Inequality among Men: On the Intention of Rousseau's Most Philosophical Work," Interpretation, 16 (1988), 220; Jean Terrasse, "La Statue de Glaucus" in Jean Terrasse (ed), Etudes sur les Discours de Rousseau (Ottawa, 1988), 69; and Nancy Yousef, "Natural Man as Imaginary Animal: The Challenge of Facts and the Place of Animal Life in Rousseau's Discourse on the Origins of Inequality," Interpretation, 27 (2000), 113-32.
61. Thomas Hobbes, De Cive or the Citizen (New York, 1949), VIII, 1.
62. The myth to which Rousseau alludes is that of Dibutade's daughter, said to have invented drawing by tracing the outline of a departing lover's profile on a wall. Essay on the Origin of Languages, tr. Gourevitch, 240. Jean-Jacques Rousseau, Essai sur l'origine des langues, ed. Jean Starobinski (Paris, 1990), 60.
63. The myth to which Rousseau alludes is that of Dibutade's daughter, said to have invented drawing by tracing the outline of a departing lover's profile on a wall. Essay on the Origin of Languages, tr. Gourevitch, 240. Jean-Jacques Rousseau, Essai sur l'origine des langues, ed. Jean Starobinski (Paris, 1990), 60.