메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 23, Issue 4-5, 2003, Pages 579-595

Rostral ventrolateral medulla: An integrative site for muscle vasodilation during defense-alerting reactions

Author keywords

Catecholamines; Hypertension; Muscle blood flow; Nitric oxide; Pain; Rostral ventrolateral medulla

Indexed keywords

NITRIC OXIDE;

EID: 0041816351     PISSN: 02724340     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1023/A:1025076130854     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (17)

References (52)
  • 1
    • 0011161376 scopus 로고
    • Sensory connexions to the hypothalamus and midbrain and their role in the reflex activation of the defence reaction
    • Abrahams, V. C., Hilton, S. M., and Malcolm J. L. (1962). Sensory connexions to the hypothalamus and midbrain and their role in the reflex activation of the defence reaction. J. Physiol. 164:1-16.
    • (1962) J. Physiol. , vol.164 , pp. 1-16
    • Abrahams, V.C.1    Hilton, S.M.2    Malcolm, J.L.3
  • 2
    • 0041351055 scopus 로고
    • Reflex activation of vasodilator nerve fibres to skeletal muscle in decerebrate and intact cats
    • Abrahams, V. C., Hilton, S. M., and Zbrozyna A. W. (1960a). Reflex activation of vasodilator nerve fibres to skeletal muscle in decerebrate and intact cats. J. Physiol. 152:54-55.
    • (1960) J. Physiol. , vol.152 , pp. 54-55
    • Abrahams, V.C.1    Hilton, S.M.2    Zbrozyna, A.W.3
  • 3
    • 0000281647 scopus 로고
    • Active muscle vasodilation produced by stimulation of the brainstem: Its significance in the defence reaction
    • Abrahams, V. C., Hilton, S. M., and Zbrozyna A. W. (1960b). Active muscle vasodilation produced by stimulation of the brainstem: Its significance in the defence reaction. J. Physiol. 154:491-513.
    • (1960) J. Physiol. , vol.154 , pp. 491-513
    • Abrahams, V.C.1    Hilton, S.M.2    Zbrozyna, A.W.3
  • 4
    • 0033955627 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • N-methyl-D-aspartate-type glutamate receptors are found in post-synaptic targets of adrenergic terminals in the thoracic spinal cord
    • Aicher, S. A., Hahn, B., and Milner, T. A. (2000). N-methyl-D-aspartate-type glutamate receptors are found in post-synaptic targets of adrenergic terminals in the thoracic spinal cord. Brain Res. 856(1/2):1-11.
    • (2000) Brain Res. , vol.856 , Issue.1-2 , pp. 1-11
    • Aicher, S.A.1    Hahn, B.2    Milner, T.A.3
  • 5
    • 0024357970 scopus 로고
    • Ventrolateral medullary neurons modulate pressor reflex to muscular contraction
    • Bauer, R. M., Iwamoto, G. A., and Waldrop, T. G. (1989). Ventrolateral medullary neurons modulate pressor reflex to muscular contraction. Am J Physiol. 257(5, Part2):R1154-R1161.
    • (1989) Am J Physiol. , vol.257 , Issue.5 PART 2
    • Bauer, R.M.1    Iwamoto, G.A.2    Waldrop, T.G.3
  • 6
    • 0022494763 scopus 로고
    • Neurons of Cl area mediate cardiovascular response initiated from ventral medullary surface
    • Benaroch, E. E., Granata, A. R., Rugglero, D. A., Park, D. H., and Reis, D. J. (1986). Neurons of Cl area mediate cardiovascular response initiated from ventral medullary surface. Am. J. Physiol. 250:R932-R945.
    • (1986) Am. J. Physiol. , vol.250
    • Benaroch, E.E.1    Granata, A.R.2    Rugglero, D.A.3    Park, D.H.4    Reis, D.J.5
  • 7
    • 0021731081 scopus 로고
    • Cardiovascular neurons of brain stem with projections to spinal cord
    • Brown, D. L., and Guyenet, P. G. (1984). Cardiovascular neurons of brain stem with projections to spinal cord. Am. J. Physiol. 247:R1009-R1016.
    • (1984) Am. J. Physiol. , vol.247
    • Brown, D.L.1    Guyenet, P.G.2
  • 8
    • 0021997983 scopus 로고
    • Electrophysiological study of cardiovascular neurons in the rostral ventrolateral medulla in rats
    • Brown, D. L., and Guyenet, P. G. (1985). Electrophysiological study of cardiovascular neurons in the rostral ventrolateral medulla in rats. Circ. Res. 56:359-369.
    • (1985) Circ. Res. , vol.56 , pp. 359-369
    • Brown, D.L.1    Guyenet, P.G.2
  • 10
    • 33750876229 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hemodynamic effects of L-glutamate in NTS of conscious rats: A possible role of vascular nitrosyl factors
    • Colombari, E., Davisson, R. F., Shaffer, R. A., Talman, W. T., and Lewis, S. J. (1998). Hemodynamic effects of L-glutamate in NTS of conscious rats: A possible role of vascular nitrosyl factors. Am. J. Physiol. 274:H1066-H1074.
    • (1998) Am. J. Physiol. , vol.274
    • Colombari, E.1    Davisson, R.F.2    Shaffer, R.A.3    Talman, W.T.4    Lewis, S.J.5
  • 12
    • 0015594455 scopus 로고
    • The ponto-medullary area integrating the defence reaction in the cat and its influence on muscle blood flow
    • Coote, J. H., Hilton, S. M., and Zbrozyna, A. W. (1973). The ponto-medullary area integrating the defence reaction in the cat and its influence on muscle blood flow. J. Physiol. (London) 229:257-274.
    • (1973) J. Physiol. (London) , vol.229 , pp. 257-274
    • Coote, J.H.1    Hilton, S.M.2    Zbrozyna, A.W.3
  • 13
    • 0029258354 scopus 로고
    • Cardiovascular adjustments in limb retraction provoked by noxious stimulation in decerebrate and spinal cats. Evidence for a somatotopic organization
    • Cravo, S. L., Lopes, O. U., Fraga, C. A. B., and Timo-Iaria, C. (1995). Cardiovascular adjustments in limb retraction provoked by noxious stimulation in decerebrate and spinal cats. Evidence for a somatotopic organization. Braz. J. Med. Biol. Res. 28:385-396.
    • (1995) Braz. J. Med. Biol. Res. , vol.28 , pp. 385-396
    • Cravo, S.L.1    Lopes, O.U.2    Fraga, C.A.B.3    Timo-Iaria, C.4
  • 15
    • 0028258843 scopus 로고
    • Functional organization of central pathways regulating the cardiovascular system
    • Dampney, R. A. L. (1994). Functional organization of central pathways regulating the cardiovascular system. Physiol. Rev. 74:323-364.
    • (1994) Physiol. Rev. , vol.74 , pp. 323-364
    • Dampney, R.A.L.1
  • 16
    • 0028260343 scopus 로고
    • Nitrosyl factors mediate active neurogenic hindquarter vasodilation in the conscious rat
    • Davisson, R. L., Johnson, A. K., and Lewis, S. J. (1994). Nitrosyl factors mediate active neurogenic hindquarter vasodilation in the conscious rat. Hypertension 23:962-966.
    • (1994) Hypertension , vol.23 , pp. 962-966
    • Davisson, R.L.1    Johnson, A.K.2    Lewis, S.J.3
  • 17
    • 0030924676 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neurogenically-derived nitrosyl factors mediate lumbar sympathetic vasodilatation in the hindlimb vasculature of the rat
    • Davisson, R. L., Possas, O. S., Murphy, S. P., and Lewis, S. J. (1997). Neurogenically-derived nitrosyl factors mediate lumbar sympathetic vasodilatation in the hindlimb vasculature of the rat. Am. J. Physiol. 272:H2369-H2376.
    • (1997) Am. J. Physiol. , vol.272
    • Davisson, R.L.1    Possas, O.S.2    Murphy, S.P.3    Lewis, S.J.4
  • 18
    • 0029919561 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stimulation of lumbar sympathetic nerves may produce hindlimb vasodilation via the release of pre-formed stores of nitrosyl factors
    • Davisson, R. L., Shaffer, R. A., Johnson, A. K., and Lewis, S. J. (1996). Stimulation of lumbar sympathetic nerves may produce hindlimb vasodilation via the release of pre-formed stores of nitrosyl factors. Neuroscience 72:881-887.
    • (1996) Neuroscience , vol.72 , pp. 881-887
    • Davisson, R.L.1    Shaffer, R.A.2    Johnson, A.K.3    Lewis, S.J.4
  • 19
    • 0015373250 scopus 로고
    • A vasodepressor effect of pentobarbitone sodium
    • Feldberg, W., and Guertzenstein, P. G. (1972). A vasodepressor effect of pentobarbitone sodium. J. Physiol. (Lond.) 224:83-103.
    • (1972) J. Physiol. (Lond.) , vol.224 , pp. 83-103
    • Feldberg, W.1    Guertzenstein, P.G.2
  • 20
    • 0041351054 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Role of the rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVL) in the muscle vasodilation induced by hypothalamic stimulation
    • Ferreira-Neto, M. L., Possas, O. S., and Cravo, S. L. (2000). Role of the rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVL) in the muscle vasodilation induced by hypothalamic stimulation. Physiologist 43:265.
    • (2000) Physiologist , vol.43 , pp. 265
    • Ferreira-Neto, M.L.1    Possas, O.S.2    Cravo, S.L.3
  • 21
    • 0015596046 scopus 로고
    • Blood pressure effects obtained by drugs applied to the ventral surface of the brain stem
    • Guertzenstein, P. G. (1973). Blood pressure effects obtained by drugs applied to the ventral surface of the brain stem. J Physiol. (London) 229:395-408.
    • (1973) J Physiol. (London) , vol.229 , pp. 395-408
    • Guertzenstein, P.G.1
  • 22
    • 0016162780 scopus 로고
    • Fall in blood pressure produced from discrete regions of the ventral surface of the medulla by glycine and lesions
    • Guertzenstein, P. G., and Silver, A. (1974). Fall in blood pressure produced from discrete regions of the ventral surface of the medulla by glycine and lesions. J. Physiol. (London) 242:489-503.
    • (1974) J. Physiol. (London) , vol.242 , pp. 489-503
    • Guertzenstein, P.G.1    Silver, A.2
  • 23
    • 0002292975 scopus 로고
    • Role of the ventral medulla oblongata in blood pressure regulation
    • Loewy, A. D. and Spyer, K. M. (eds), Oxford University Press, New York
    • Guyenet, P. G. (1990). Role of the ventral medulla oblongata in blood pressure regulation. In Loewy, A. D. and Spyer, K. M. (eds). Central Regulation of Autonomic Functions, Oxford University Press, New York, pp. 145-167.
    • (1990) Central Regulation of Autonomic Functions , pp. 145-167
    • Guyenet, P.G.1
  • 24
    • 0019603363 scopus 로고
    • Regional blood flow measurement with pulsed Doppler flowmeter in conscious rat
    • Haywood, J. R., Shaffer, R. A., Fastenow, C., Fink, G. D., and Brody, M. J. (1981). Regional blood flow measurement with pulsed Doppler flowmeter in conscious rat. Am. J. Physiol. 241:H273-H278.
    • (1981) Am. J. Physiol. , vol.241
    • Haywood, J.R.1    Shaffer, R.A.2    Fastenow, C.3    Fink, G.D.4    Brody, M.J.5
  • 25
    • 0026024993 scopus 로고
    • Cardiovascular responses to stress
    • Herd, J. A. (1991). Cardiovascular responses to stress. Physiol. Rev. 71:305-330.
    • (1991) Physiol. Rev. , vol.71 , pp. 305-330
    • Herd, J.A.1
  • 26
    • 0015964358 scopus 로고
    • Immunohistochemical evidence for the existence of adrenaline neurons in rat brain
    • Hockfelt, T., Fuxe, K., Goldstein, M., and Johansson, O. (1974). Immunohistochemical evidence for the existence of adrenaline neurons in rat brain. Brain Res. 66:235-251.
    • (1974) Brain Res. , vol.66 , pp. 235-251
    • Hockfelt, T.1    Fuxe, K.2    Goldstein, M.3    Johansson, O.4
  • 27
    • 0023255852 scopus 로고
    • Some anatomical observations on the projections from the hypothalamus to brainstem and spinal cord: An HRP and autoradiographic tracing study in the cat
    • Holstege, G. (1987). Some anatomical observations on the projections from the hypothalamus to brainstem and spinal cord: An HRP and autoradiographic tracing study in the cat. J. Comp. Neurol. 260(1):98-126.
    • (1987) J. Comp. Neurol. , vol.260 , Issue.1 , pp. 98-126
    • Holstege, G.1
  • 28
    • 0030763443 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tonic glutamate-mediated control of rostral ventrolateral medulla and sympathetic vasomotor tone
    • Ito, S., and Sved, A. F. (1997). Tonic glutamate-mediated control of rostral ventrolateral medulla and sympathetic vasomotor tone. Am. J. Physiol. 273:R487-R494.
    • (1997) Am. J. Physiol. , vol.273
    • Ito, S.1    Sved, A.F.2
  • 29
    • 0028053702 scopus 로고
    • Role of rostral ventrolateral medulla in centrally mediated pressor responses
    • Kiely, J. M., and Gordon, F. J. (1994). Role of rostral ventrolateral medulla in centrally mediated pressor responses. Am. J. Physiol. 267(4):H1549-H1556.
    • (1994) Am. J. Physiol. , vol.267 , Issue.4
    • Kiely, J.M.1    Gordon, F.J.2
  • 30
    • 0021923766 scopus 로고
    • Vasodilator and vasoconstrictor neurones of the ventrolateral medulla in the cat
    • Lovick, T. A., and Hilton, S. M. (1985). Vasodilator and vasoconstrictor neurones of the ventrolateral medulla in the cat. Brain Res. 331:353-357.
    • (1985) Brain Res. , vol.331 , pp. 353-357
    • Lovick, T.A.1    Hilton, S.M.2
  • 31
    • 0026644537 scopus 로고
    • Neurons in the caudal ventrolated medulla mediate the somata-sympathetic inhibitory reflex responses via GABA receptor in the rostral ventrolateral medulla
    • Masuda, N., Ootsuka, Y., and Terui, N. (1992). Neurons in the caudal ventrolated medulla mediate the somata-sympathetic inhibitory reflex responses via GABA receptor in the rostral ventrolateral medulla. J. Auton. Nerv. Syst. 40:91-98.
    • (1992) J. Auton. Nerv. Syst. , vol.40 , pp. 91-98
    • Masuda, N.1    Ootsuka, Y.2    Terui, N.3
  • 32
    • 0023183490 scopus 로고
    • Phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase-containing neurons in the rostral ventrolateral medulla. II. Synaptic relationship with GABAergic terminals
    • Milner, T. A., Pickel, V. M., Chan, J., Massari, V. J., Oertel, W. H., Park, D. H., Joh, T. H., and Reis, D. J. (1987). Phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase-containing neurons in the rostral ventrolateral medulla. II. Synaptic relationship with GABAergic terminals. Brain Res. 411:46-57.
    • (1987) Brain Res. , vol.411 , pp. 46-57
    • Milner, T.A.1    Pickel, V.M.2    Chan, J.3    Massari, V.J.4    Oertel, W.H.5    Park, D.H.6    Joh, T.H.7    Reis, D.J.8
  • 33
    • 0033668451 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Different adrenal sympathetic preganglionic neurons regulate epinephrine and norepinephrine secretion
    • Morrison, S. F., and Cao, W. H. (2000). Different adrenal sympathetic preganglionic neurons regulate epinephrine and norepinephrine secretion. Am J Physiol. 279(5):R1763-R1775.
    • (2000) Am. J. Physiol. , vol.279 , Issue.5
    • Morrison, S.F.1    Cao, W.H.2
  • 34
    • 0023929178 scopus 로고
    • Reticulospinal vasomotor neurons of the rat rostral ventrolateral medulla: Relationship to sympathetic nerve activity and the C1 adrenergic cell group
    • Morrison, S. F., Milner, T. A., and Reis, D. J. (1988). Reticulospinal vasomotor neurons of the rat rostral ventrolateral medulla: Relationship to sympathetic nerve activity and the C1 adrenergic cell group. J. Neurosci. 8:1286-1301.
    • (1988) J. Neurosci. , vol.8 , pp. 1286-1301
    • Morrison, S.F.1    Milner, T.A.2    Reis, D.J.3
  • 35
    • 0024409490 scopus 로고
    • Reticulospinal vasomotor neurons in the RVL mediate the somatosympathetic reflex
    • Morrison, S. F., and Reis, D. J. (1989). Reticulospinal vasomotor neurons in the RVL mediate the somatosympathetic reflex. Am. J. Physiol. 256:R1084-R1097.
    • (1989) Am. J. Physiol. , vol.256
    • Morrison, S.F.1    Reis, D.J.2
  • 36
    • 0030829294 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • NO-containing factors mediate hindlimb vasodilation produced by superior laryngeal nerve stimulation
    • Possas, O. S., and Lewis, S. J. (1997). NO-containing factors mediate hindlimb vasodilation produced by superior laryngeal nerve stimulation. Am. J. Physiol. 273:H234-H243.
    • (1997) Am. J. Physiol. , vol.273
    • Possas, O.S.1    Lewis, S.J.2
  • 37
    • 0035016617 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Glutamatergic and GABAergic inputs to the RVL mediate cardiovascular adjustments to noxious stimulation
    • Possas O. S., Lopes, O. U., and Cravo, S. L. (2001). Glutamatergic and GABAergic inputs to the RVL mediate cardiovascular adjustments to noxious stimulation. Am J Physiol. 280(2):R434-R440.
    • (2001) Am. J. Physiol. , vol.280 , Issue.2
    • Possas, O.S.1    Lopes, O.U.2    Cravo, S.L.3
  • 38
    • 0021244572 scopus 로고
    • Tonic vasomotor control by the rostral ventrolateral medulla: Effect of electrical or chemical stimulation of the area containing C1 adrenaline neurons on arterial pressure, heart rate, and plasma catecholamines and vasopressin
    • Ross, C. A., Ruggiero, D. A., Park, D. H., Joh, T. H., Sved, A. F., Fernandez-Pardal, J., Saavedra, J. M., and Reis, D. J. (1984). Tonic vasomotor control by the rostral ventrolateral medulla: Effect of electrical or chemical stimulation of the area containing C1 adrenaline neurons on arterial pressure, heart rate, and plasma catecholamines and vasopressin. J. Neurosci. 4:479-494.
    • (1984) J. Neurosci. , vol.4 , pp. 479-494
    • Ross, C.A.1    Ruggiero, D.A.2    Park, D.H.3    Joh, T.H.4    Sved, A.F.5    Fernandez-Pardal, J.6    Saavedra, J.M.7    Reis, D.J.8
  • 39
    • 0024836511 scopus 로고
    • Central control of the circulation by the rostral ventrolateral reticular nucleus: Anatomical substrates
    • special issue in The Central Neural Organization of Cardiovascular Control
    • Ruggiero, D. A., Cravo, S. L., Arango, V., and Reis, D. J. (1989). Central control of the circulation by the rostral ventrolateral reticular nucleus: Anatomical substrates. Prog. Brain Res. 81 (special issue in The Central Neural Organization of Cardiovascular Control):49-79.
    • (1989) Prog. Brain Res. , vol.81 , pp. 49-79
    • Ruggiero, D.A.1    Cravo, S.L.2    Arango, V.3    Reis, D.J.4
  • 40
    • 0027946623 scopus 로고
    • Adrenergic and non-adrenergic spinal projections of a cardiovascular-active pressor area of medulla oblongata: Quantitative topographic analysis
    • Ruggiero, D. A., Cravo, S. L., Golanov, E., Gomez, R., Anwar, M., and Reis, D. J. (1994). Adrenergic and non-adrenergic spinal projections of a cardiovascular-active pressor area of medulla oblongata: Quantitative topographic analysis. Brain Res. 663:107-120.
    • (1994) Brain Res. , vol.663 , pp. 107-120
    • Ruggiero, D.A.1    Cravo, S.L.2    Golanov, E.3    Gomez, R.4    Anwar, M.5    Reis, D.J.6
  • 41
    • 0017107913 scopus 로고
    • Direct hypothalamo-autonomic connections
    • Saper, C. B., Loewy, A. D., Swanson, L. W, and Cowan, W. M. (1976). Direct hypothalamo-autonomic connections. Brain Res. 117(2):305-312.
    • (1976) Brain Res. , vol.117 , Issue.2 , pp. 305-312
    • Saper, C.B.1    Loewy, A.D.2    Swanson, L.W.3    Cowan, W.M.4
  • 42
    • 0015865256 scopus 로고
    • Somatosympathetic reflexes: Afferent fibers, central pathways, discharge characteristics
    • Sato, A., and Schmidt, R. E (1973). Somatosympathetic reflexes: Afferent fibers, central pathways, discharge characteristics. Physiological Reviews, 53:916-947.
    • (1973) Physiological Reviews , vol.53 , pp. 916-947
    • Sato, A.1    Schmidt, R.E.2
  • 44
    • 0011332413 scopus 로고
    • Neurons in the rostral ventrolateral medulla mediate the somatic pressor reflex
    • Stornetta, R., Morrison, S. F., Ruggiero, D. A., and Reis, D. J. (1989). Neurons in the rostral ventrolateral medulla mediate the somatic pressor reflex. Am. J. Physiol, 257:R448-R462.
    • (1989) Am. J. Physiol. , vol.257
    • Stornetta, R.1    Morrison, S.F.2    Ruggiero, D.A.3    Reis, D.J.4
  • 45
    • 0023276932 scopus 로고
    • Arterial baroreceptor and vagal inputs to sympathoexcitatory neurons in rat medulla
    • Sun, M.-K., and Guyenet, P. G. (1987). Arterial baroreceptor and vagal inputs to sympathoexcitatory neurons in rat medulla. Am. J. Physiol. 252:R699-R709.
    • (1987) Am. J. Physiol. , vol.252
    • Sun, M.-K.1    Guyenet, P.G.2
  • 46
    • 0033404670 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • AT(1) receptors mediate excitatory inputs to rostral ventrolateral medulla pressor neurons from hypothalamus
    • Tagawa, T., and Dampney, R. A. (1999). AT(1) receptors mediate excitatory inputs to rostral ventrolateral medulla pressor neurons from hypothalamus. Hypertension 34(6):1301-1307.
    • (1999) Hypertension , vol.34 , Issue.6 , pp. 1301-1307
    • Tagawa, T.1    Dampney, R.A.2
  • 47
    • 0022350620 scopus 로고
    • Specificity of spinal projections from hypothalamic and brainstem areas which innervate sympathetic preganglionic neurons
    • Tucker, D. C., and Saper, C. B. (1985). Specificity of spinal projections from hypothalamic and brainstem areas which innervate sympathetic preganglionic neurons. Brain Res. 360(1/2):159-164.
    • (1985) Brain Res. , vol.360 , Issue.1-2 , pp. 159-164
    • Tucker, D.C.1    Saper, C.B.2
  • 48
    • 0028069335 scopus 로고
    • Lesions of the rostral ventrolateral medulla reduce the cerebrovascular response to hypoxia
    • Underwood, M. D., Ladecola, C., and Reis, D. J. (1994). Lesions of the rostral ventrolateral medulla reduce the cerebrovascular response to hypoxia. Brain Res. 635(1/2):217-223.
    • (1994) Brain Res. , vol.635 , Issue.1-2 , pp. 217-223
    • Underwood, M.D.1    Ladecola, C.2    Reis, D.J.3
  • 49
    • 0004753039 scopus 로고
    • Central cardiovascular control
    • J., Field, Magoun, H. W., and Hall, V. E. (ed.), American Physiological Society, Washington, DC
    • Uvnas, B. (1960). Central cardiovascular control. In J., Field, Magoun, H. W., and Hall, V. E. (ed.), Handbook of Physiology, Vol. 3, American Physiological Society, Washington, DC, pp. 1131-1162.
    • (1960) Handbook of Physiology , vol.3 , pp. 1131-1162
    • Uvnas, B.1
  • 50
    • 25744457259 scopus 로고
    • Cholinergic muscle vasodilatation
    • Bartorelli, C., and Zanchett, A., (eds.), Instituto di Ricerche Cardiovasculari, Milani, Italy
    • Uvnäs, B. (1970). Cholinergic muscle vasodilatation. In Bartorelli, C., and Zanchett, A., (eds.), Cardiovascular Regulation, Instituto di Ricerche Cardiovasculari, Milani, Italy, pp. 7-16.
    • (1970) Cardiovascular Regulation , pp. 7-16
    • Uvnäs, B.1
  • 51
    • 0022646496 scopus 로고
    • The hypothalamus and brainstem areas from which the cardiovascular and behavioral components of the defence reaction are elicited in the rat
    • Yardley, C. P., and Hilton, S. M. (1986). The hypothalamus and brainstem areas from which the cardiovascular and behavioral components of the defence reaction are elicited in the rat. J. Auton. Nerv. Syst. 15:227-244.
    • (1986) J. Auton. Nerv. Syst. , vol.15 , pp. 227-244
    • Yardley, C.P.1    Hilton, S.M.2
  • 52
    • 0023199228 scopus 로고
    • Vasodilatation in hind-limb skeletal muscle evoked as part of the defence reaction in the rat
    • Yardley, C. P., and Hilton, S. M. (1987). Vasodilatation in hind-limb skeletal muscle evoked as part of the defence reaction in the rat, J. Auton. Nerv. Syst 19:127-136.
    • (1987) J. Auton. Nerv. Syst. , vol.19 , pp. 127-136
    • Yardley, C.P.1    Hilton, S.M.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.