Aseptic meningitis epidemic during a West Nile virus avian epizootic

Emerging Infectious Diseases

Volumn 9, Issue 9, 2003, Pages 1082-1088

  Julian, Kathleen G ^a,e   Mullins, James A ^a   Olin, Annette ^b   Peters, Heather ^c   Nix, W Allan ^a   Oberste, M Steven ^a   Lovchik, Judith C ^d   Bergmann, Amy ^c   Brechner, Ross J ^c   Myers, Robert A ^c   Marfin, Anthony A ^a   Campbell, Grant L ^a  

^a CENTERS FOR DISEASE CONTROL AND PREVENTION   (United States)

^b Grand Caymans   (United Kingdom)

^c Maryland State Department of Health and Mental Hygiene   (United States)

^d UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND MEDICAL CENTER   (United States)

^e PENN STATE MILTON S HERSHEY MEDICAL CENTER   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

IMMUNOGLOBULIN M;

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; AGE DISTRIBUTION; AGED; ARTICLE; ASEPTIC MENINGITIS; CEREBROSPINAL FLUID ANALYSIS; CHILD; CONTROLLED STUDY; CONVALESCENCE; ECHO VIRUS; ENTEROVIRUS; EPIDEMIC; EPIZOOTIOLOGY; HUMAN; INFANT; INTERVIEW; LEUKOCYTE COUNT; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; PATIENT CODING; POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION; SEROPREVALENCE; UNITED STATES; VIRUS DETECTION; WEST NILE FLAVIVIRUS;

EID: 0041816099     PISSN: 10806040     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3201/eid0909.030068     Document Type: Article

References (32)

1. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Summary of notifiable diseases, United States 1994. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 1995;43:1-80.
2. Rotbart HA. Viral meningitis and the aseptic meningitis syndrome. In: Scheld, WM, Whitley RJ, Durack DT, editors. Infections of the central nervous system. 2nd ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott-Raven; 1997. p. 23-46.
3. Deibel R, Srihongse S, Woodall JP. Arboviruses in New York State: an attempt to determine the role of arboviruses in patients with viral encephalitis and meningitis. Am J Trop Med Hyg 1979;28:577-82.
4. Tunkel AR, Scheld WM. Acute meningitis. In: Mandell GL, Bennett JE, Dolin R, editors. Principles and practice of infectious diseases. 5th ed. New York: Churchill Livingstone; 2000. p. 959-97.
5. Tsai TF, Popovici F, Cernescu C, Campbell GL, Nedelcu NI, for the Investigative Team. West Nile encephalitis epidemic in southeastern Romania. Lancet 1998;352:767-71.
6. Nash D, Mostashari F, Fine A, Miller J, O'Leary D, Murray K, et al. The outbreak of West Nile virus infection in the New York City area in 1999. N Engl J Med 2001;344:1807-14.
7. Marfin AA, Petersen LR, Eidson M, Miller J, Hadler J, Farello C, et al. Widespread West Nile virus activity, eastern United States, 2000. Emerg Infect Dis 2001;7:730-5.
8. Chowers MY, Lang R, Nassar F, Ben-David D, Giladi M, Rubinshtein E, et al. Clinical characteristics of the West Nile fever outbreak, Israel, 2000. Emerg Infect Dis 2001;7:675-8.
9. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Epidemic/epizootic West Nile virus in the United States: revised guidelines for surveillance, prevention, and control. Washington: Department of Health and Human Services; 2001. Available from URL: http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/dvbid/westnile/resources/wnv-guidelines-apr-2001.pdf
10. Martin DA, Muth DA, Brown T, Johnson AJ, Karabatsos N, Roehrig JT. Standardization of immunoglobulin M capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays for routine diagnosis of arboviral infections. J Clin Microbiol 2000;38:1823-6.
11. Lanciotti RS, Kerst AJ, Nasci RS, Godsey MS, Mitchell CJ, Savage HM, et al. Rapid detection of West Nile virus from human clinical specimens, field-collected mosquitoes, and avian samples by a TaqMan reverse transcriptase-PCR assay. J Clin Microbiol 2000;38:4066-71.
12. Oberste MS, Maher K, Flemister MR, Marchetti G, Kilpatrick DR, Pallansch MA. Comparison of classic and molecular approaches for the identification of untypeable enteroviruses. J Clin Microbiol 2000;38:1170-4.
13. Hadler J, Nelson R, McCarthy T, Andreadis T, Lis MJ, French R, et al. West Nile virus surveillance in Connecticut in 2000: an intense epizootic without high risk for severe human disease. Emerg Infect Dis 2001;7:636-42.
14. Berlin LE, Rorabaugh ML, Heldrich F, Roberts K, Doran T, Modlin JF. Aseptic meningitis in infants <2 years ofage: diagnosis and etiology. J Infect Dis 1993;168:888-92.
15. Beghi E, Nicolosi A, Kurland LT, Mulder DW, Hauser WA, Shuster L. Encephalitis and aseptic meningitis, Olmsted County, Minnesota, 1950-1981: I. Epidemiology. Ann Neurol 1984;16:283-94.
16. Lepow ML, Carver DH, Wright HT, Woods WA, Robbins FC. A clinical, epidemiologic and laboratory investigation of aseptic meningitis during the four-year period, 1955-1958: I. Observations concerning etiology and epidemiology. N Engl J Med 1962;266:1181-7.
17. Sawyer MH, Holland D, Aintablian N, Connor JD, Keyser EF, Waecker NJ Jr. Diagnosis of enteroviral central nervous system infection by polymerase chain reaction during a large community outbreak. Pediatr Infect Dis J 1994;13:177-82.
18. Lennette EH, Magoffin RL, Knouf EG. Viral central nervous system disease: an etiologic study conducted at the Los Angeles County General Hospital. JAMA 1962;179:687-95.
19. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Echovirus type 13 United States, 2001. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2001;50:777-80.
20. Khetsuriani N, Oberste S, Mullins J, Nix W, LaMonte A, Dunn J, et al. Changes in circulating nonpolio enterovirus serotypes in the United States. Clinical Virology Symposium; 2002, Apr 28-May 1; Clearwater Beach, Florida.
21. McMinn P. Meningitis, echoviruses 13 & 30-Australia (western). ProMed. September 17, 2001. Accessed at: http://www.promedmail.org, archive number: 20010917.2247.
22. Communicable Disease Surveillance Centre. Viral meningitis associated with increase in echovirus type 13. Commun Dis Rep CDR Wkly 2000;10:277, 280.
23. Twisselmann B. Cluster of cases of viral meningitis caused by echovirus type 13 in Germany. Eurosurveillance Weekly [serial online] 2000 Oct 5 [cited 2002 Jun 13];40. Available from: URL: http://www.eurosurv.org/2000/001005.htm
24. Strikas RA, Anderson LJ, Parker RA. Temporal and geographic patterns of isolates of nonpolio enterovirus in the United States, 1970-1983. J Infect Dis 1986;153:346-51.
25. Melnick J. Polioviruses and other enteroviruses. In: Evans AS, Kaslow RA, editors. Viral infections of humans: epidemiology and control. 4th ed. New York: Plenum Medical Book Co.; 1997. p. 583-663.
26. Lanciotti RS, Kerst AJ. Nucleic acid sequence-based amplification assays for rapid detection of West Nile and St. Louis encephalitis viruses. J Clin Microbiol 2001;39:4506-13.
27. Read SJ, Mitchell JL, Fink CG. LightCycler multiplex PCR for the laboratory diagnosis of common viral infections of the central nervous system. J Clin Microbiol 2001;39:3056-9.
28. Chesky M, Scalco R, Failace L, Read S, Jobim LF. Polymerase chain reaction for the laboratory diagnosis of aseptic meningitis and encephalitis. Arq Neuropsiquiatr 2000;58:836-42.
29. Rotbart HA, Ahmed A, Hickey S, Dagan R, McCracken GH Jr, Whitley RJ, et al. Diagnosis of enterovirus infection by polymerase chain reaction of multiple specimen types. Pediatr Infect Dis J 1997;16:409-11.
30. Lakeman FD, Whitley RJ. Diagnosis of herpes simplex encephalitis: application of polymerase chain reaction to cerebrospinal fluid from brain-biopsied patients and correlation with disease. National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases Collaborative Antiviral Study Group. J Infect Dis 1995;171:857-63.
31. Ramers C, Billman G, Hartin M, Ho S, Sawyer MH. Impact of a diagnostic cerebrospinal fluid enterovirus polymerase chain reaction test on patient management. JAMA 2000;283:2680-5.
32. Rotbart HA. Treatment of picomavirus infections. Antiviral Res 2002;53:83-98.