Social network analysis of historical communities: Some questions from the present for the past

History of the Family

Volumn 1, Issue 1, 1996, Pages 97-121

  Wellman, Barry ^b   Wetherell, Charles ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

^b NONE

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 0041796534     PISSN: 1081602X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S1081-602X(96)90022-6     Document Type: Article

References (177)

1. Anderson Michael. Family Structure in Nineteenth Century Lancashire. 1971;Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
2. Ariès Phillipe. Centuries of Childhood: A Social History of Family Life. 1962;Knopf, New York. Translated by Robert Baldick.
3. Barth Gunther. City People: The Rise of Modern City Culture in Nineteenth-Century America. 1980;Oxford University Press, New York.
4. Bender Thomas. Community and Social Change in America. 1978;Rutgers University Press, New Brunswick, NJ.
5. Berger Bennett. Working Class Suburb. 1960;University of California Press, Berkeley.
6. Berkowitz S.D. An Introduction to Structural Analysis: The Network Approach to Social Research. 1982;Butterworth, Toronto.
7. Bodnar John. The Transplanted: A History of Immigrants in Urban America. 1985;Indiana University Press, Bloomington.
8. Borgatti Steven, Everett Martin, Freeman Linton C. UCINET IV. 1992;Analytic Technologies, Columbia, SC. Version 1.0.
9. Burt Ronald S. Structural Holes: The Social Structure of Competition. 1992;Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA.
10. Carson Cary. The Consumer Revolution: Why Demand? Carson Cary, Hoffman Ronald, Albert Peter J. Of Consuming Interests: The Style of Life in the Eighteenth Century. 1994;483-697 The University Press of Virginia for the United States Capital Historical Society, Charlottesville.
11. Chudacoff Howard P. Mobile Americans: Residential and Social Mobility in the United States. 1972;Oxford University Press, New York.
12. Cohen Abner. Two-Dimensional Man. 1974;Routledge & Kegan Paul, London.
13. Cohen Lizabeth. Making a New Deal: Industrial Workers in Chicago, 1919-1939. 1990;Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
14. Craven Paul, Wellman Barry. The Network City. Sociological Inquiry. 43:1973;57-88.
15. Cronon William. Revisiting the Vanishing Frontier: The Legacy of Frederick Jackson Turner. Western Historical Quarterly. 18:1987;157-176.
16. Davis Mike. City of Quartz: Excavating the Future in Los Angeles. 1990;Verso, New York.
17. Degler Carl. At Odds: Women and Family in America from the Revolution to the Present. 1980;Oxford University Press, New York.
18. Doucet Michael, Weaver John. Housing the North American City. 1991;McGill-Queen's University Press, Montreal.
19. Emirbayer Mustafa, Goodwin Jeff. Network Analysis, Culture, and the Problem of Agency. American Journal of Sociology. 99:1994;1411-1455.
20. Espinoza, Vicente. Forthcoming. "Social Networks Among the Urban Poor: Inequality and Integration in a Latin American City." In Networks in the Global Village, edited by Barry Wellman. Boulder, CO: Westview Press.
21. Faragher John Mack. Open-County Community: Sugar Creek, Illinois, 1820-1850. Hahn Steven, Prude Jonathan. The Countryside in the Age of Capitalist Transformation. 1985;233-258 University of North Carolina Press, Chapel Hill.
22. Faragher John Mack. Sugar Creek: Life on the Illinois Prairie. 1986;Yale University Press, New Haven, CT.
23. Feagin Joe. Community Disorganization. Sociological Inquiry. 43:1973;123-146.
24. Feagin Joe, Hahn Harlan. Ghetto Revolt: The Politics of Violence in American Cities. 1973;Macmillan, New York.
25. Feld Scott. Social Structural Determinants of Similarity among Associates. American Sociological Review. 47:1982;797-801.
26. Fellman Gordon. The Deceived Majority: Politics and Protest in Middle America. 1973;Dutton, New York.
27. Ferrand, Alexis, Alain Degenne, and Lise Mounier. Forthcoming. "The Diversity of Personal Networks in France: Social Stratification and Relational Structures." In Networks in the Global Village, edited by Barry Wellman. Boulder, CO: Westview Press.
28. Fink Deborah. Agrarian Women: Wives and Mothers in Rural Nebraska, 1880-1940. 1992;University of North Carolina Press, Chapel Hill.
29. Fischer Claude S. Toward a Subcultural Theory of Urbanism. American Journal of Sociology. 80:1975;1319-1341.
30. Fischer Claude S. To Dwell Among Friends: Personal Networks in Town and City. 1983;University of Chicago Press, Chicago.
31. Fischer Claude S. America Calling: A Social History of the Telephone to 1940. 1992;University of California Press, Berkeley.
32. Fischer Claude S. Changes in Leisure Activities, 1890-1940. Journal of Social History. 27:1994;455-475.
33. Gans Herbert. The Urban Villagers. 1962;Free Press, New York.
34. Gans Herbert. The Levittowners. 1967;Pantheon, New York.
35. Garrioch D. Neighbourhood and Community in Paris, 1740-1790. 1986;Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
36. Gillis John R. From Ritual to Romance: Toward an Alternative History of Love. Stearns Carol Z., Stearns Peter N. Emotion and Social Change: Toward a New Psychohistory. 1988;87-121 Holmes and Meier, New York.
37. Gingrich Newt. To Renew America. 1995;Harper-Collins, New York.
38. Gitlin Todd. The Sixties: Years of Hope, Days of Rage. 1987;Bantam, New York.
39. Granovetter Mark. The Strength of Weak Ties. American Journal of Sociology. 78:1973;1360-1380.
40. Granovetter Mark. The Strength of Weak Ties: A Network Theory Revisited. Marsden Peter, Lin Nan. Social Structure and Network Analysis. 1982;105-130 Sage, Beverly Hills, CA.
41. Grossman James R. The Frontier in American Culture: An Exhibition at the Newberry Library, August 26, 1994-January 7, 1995. 1994;University of California Press, Berkeley.
42. Hareven Tamara K. Family Time and Industrial Time: The Relationship Between Family and Work in a New England Industrial Community. 1982;Cambridge University Press, New York.
43. Hareven Tamara K., Langenbach Randolph. Amoskeag: Life and Work in an American Factory-City. 1978;Pantheon Books, New York.
44. Hine Robert V. California's Utopian Colonies. 1953;Huntington Library, San Marino, CA.
45. Hine Robert V. Community on the American Frontier: Separate but not Alone. 1980;University of Oklahoma Press, Norman, OK.
46. Hitt Jack, Fleming Ronald, Plater-Zyberk Elizabeth, Sennett Richard, Wines James, Zimmerman Elyn. Whatever Became of the Public Square? Harper's. 1990;49-60. July.
47. Hunter Albert. Private, Parochial and Public Social Orders. Suttles Gerald, Zald Mayer. The Challenge of Social Control. 1985;230-242 Ablex, Norwood, NJ.
48. Jensen Joan M. Loosening the Bonds: Mid-Atlantic Farm Women, 1750-1850. 1986;Yale University Press, New Haven.
49. Josselin Ralph. The Diary of Ralph Josselin 1616-1683. Macfarlane Alan. The Diary of Ralph Josselin 1616-1683. 1976;Oxford University Press for the British Academy, London.
50. Katz Michael B. The Underclass Debate: Views from History. 1993;Princeton University Press, Princeton.
51. Katz Michael B., Doucet Michael J., Stern Mark J. The Social Organization of Early Industrial Capitalism. 1982;Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA.
52. Kertzer David I. The Joint Family Household Revisited: Demographic Constraints and Household Complexity in the European Past. Journal of Family History. 14:1989;1-15.
53. Kertzer David I. Household History and Sociological Theory. Annual Review of Sociology. 17:1991;155-179.
54. Kertzer David I. Kinship Beyond the Household in a Nineteenth-century Italian Town. Continuity and Change. 7:1992;103-121.
55. Kertzer David I., Hogan Dennis P. Family, Political Economy, and Demographic Change: The Transformation of Life in Casalecchio, Italy, 1861-1921. 1989;University of Wisconsin Press, Madison.
56. Kingsdale J. The `Poor Man's Club': Social Functions of the Urban Working-Class Saloon. American Quarterly. 25:1973;472-489.
57. Knoke David, Kuklinski James. Network Analysis. 1982;Sage, Beverly Hills.
58. Kochen Manfred. The Small World. 1989;Ablex, Norwood, NJ.
59. Kornblum William. Blue-Collar Community. 1974;University of Chicago Press, Chicago.
60. Kulikoff Alan. Tobacco and Slaves: The Development of Southern Cultures in the Chesapeake, 1680-1800. 1986;University of North Carolina Press, Chapel Hill.
61. Laslett Peter. Family, Kinship, and Collectivity as Systems of Support in Pre-industrial Europe: A Consideration of the `Nuclear-Hardship' Hypothesis. Continuity and Change. 3:1988;153-175.
62. Latané Bibb, Darley John. Help in a Crisis: Bystander Response to an Emergency. 1976;General Learning Press, Morristown, NJ.
63. Levi Giovanni. Family and Kin: A Few Thoughts. Journal of Family History. 15:1990;567-578.
64. Liebow Elliot. Tally's Corner. 1967;Little, Brown, Boston.
65. Limerick Patrick Nelson. Legacy of Conquest: The Unbroken Past of the American West. 1987;Norton, New York.
66. Lockridge Kenneth A. A New England Town: The First Hundred Years, Dedham, Massachusetts, 1636-1736. 1970;Norton, New York.
67. Lofland Lyn. A World of Strangers. 1973;Basic Books, New York.
68. Lofland Lyn. Private Lifestyles, Changing Neighborhoods, and Public Life. Tijdschrift voor Economie en Social Geografie. 80:1989;89-96.
69. Lynch Katherine A. The Family and the History of Public Life. Journal of Interdisciplinary History. 24:1994;665-684.
70. Lynch, Katherine A. In press. "Some Long-Term Continuities in the History of the Western Family: Individual, Family, and Community Relations." In The History of Marriage and the Family in Western Society: Papers from the Carleton Conference on the History of the Family, edited by Roderick Phillips. Toronto: Canadian Scholars' Press.
71. MacFarlane Alan. The Family Life of Ralph Josselin, a Seventeenth-Century Clergyman; An Essay in Historical Anthropology. 1970;Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
72. McLuhan Marshall. Liturgy and the Media. The Critic. (February):1973;15-23.
73. Medick Hans, Sabean David Warren. Interest and Emotion: Essays on the Study of Family and Kinship. 1984;Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
74. Messner M. The Life of a Man's Seasons. Kimmel Michael. Changing Men. 1987;53-67 Sage, Newbury Park, CA.
75. Moch Leslie Page. Moving Europeans: Migration in Western Europe since 1650. 1992;Indiana University Press, Bloomington.
76. Newman Oscar. Defensible Space. 1972;Macmillan, New York.
77. Nisbet Robert. Community and Power. 1962;Oxford University Press, New York.
78. Oldenburg Ray. The Great Good Place: Cafes, Coffee Shops, Community Centers, Beauty Parlors, General Stores, Bars, Hangout, and How They Get You Through the Day. 1989;Paragon House, New York.
79. Padgett John F., Ansell Christopher K. Robust Action and the Rise of the Medici, 1400-1434. American Journal of Sociology. 98:1993;1259-1319.
80. Pahl Ray E. Divisions of Labour. 1984;Basil Blackwell, Oxford.
81. Phillips John A. The Social Calculus: Deference and Defiance in Later Georgian England. Albion. 21:1989;426-449.
82. Phillips Roderick. Putting Asunder: A History of Divorce in Western Society. 1988;Cambridge University Press, New York.
83. Plakans Andrejs. Identifying Kinship Beyond the Household. Journal of Family History. 2:1977;3-27.
84. Plakans Andrejs. Kinship in the Past: An Anthropology of European Family Life. 1984;Basil Blackwell, Oxford.
85. Plakans Andrejs, Wetherell Charles. The Kinship Domain in an Eastern European Peasant Community: Pinkenhof, 1833-1850. American Historical Review. 93:1988;359-386.
86. Plakans Andrejs, Wetherell Charles. Family and Economy in an Early Nineteenth-Century Baltic Serf Estate. Continuity and Change. 7:1992;199-223.
87. Pleck E., Pleck J. The American Man. 1980;Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ.
88. Pronger Brian. The Arena of Masculinity. 1990;Summerhill Press, Toronto.
89. Redfield Robert. The Folk Society. American Journal of Sociology. 52:1947;293-308.
90. Robbins William G. Laying Siege to Western History: The Emergence of New Paradigms. Reviews in American History. 19:1991;313-331.
91. Roberts Bryan. Cities of Peasants. 1978;Edward Arnold, London.
92. Roche Daniel. The People of Paris: An Essay in Popular Culture in the 18th Century. 1987;Berg, New York. Translated by Marie Evans in association with Gwynne Lewis.
93. Ruggles Steven. Availability of Kin and the Demography of Historical Family Structure. Historical Methods. 19:1986;93-102.
94. Ruggles Steven. Prolonged Connections: The Rise of the Extended Family in Nineteenth Century England and America. 1987;University of Wisconsin Press, Madison.
95. Ruggles Steven. The Transformation of American Family Structure. American Historical Review. 99:1994a;103-108.
96. Ruggles Steven. The Origins of the African-American Family Structure. American Sociological Review. 59:1994b;136-151.
97. Ruggles, Steven. In press. "Living Arrangements of the Elderly in American, 1880-1980." In Aging and Generational Relations over the Life Course: Historical and Cross-Cultural Perspectives, edited by Tamara K. Hareven.
98. Russo David J. Families and Communities: A New View of American History. 1974;American Association of State and Local History, Nashville.
99. Rutman Darrett B. People in Process: The New Hampshire Towns of the Eighteenth Century. Journal of Urban History. 1:1975;268-292.
100. Rutman Darrett B. Community Study. Historical Methods. 13:1980;29-41.
101. Rutman Darrett B., Rutman Anita H. A Place in Time: Middlesex County, Virginia, 1650-1750. 1984;W. W. Norton, New York. 2 vols.
102. Rutman Darrett B., Rutman Anita H. Small Worlds, Large Questions: Explorations in Early American Social History. 1994;University Press of Virginia, Charlottesville.
103. Sabean David Warren. Property, Production, and Family in Neckarhausen, 1700-1870. 1990;Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
104. Scherzer Kenneth. The Unbounded Community: Neighborhood Life and Social Structure in New York City, 1830-1875. 1992;Duke University Press, Durham, NC.
105. Scott Anne Frior. Natural Allies: Women's Associations in American History. 1991;University of Illinois Press, Urbana.
106. Scott John. Social Network Analysis. 1992;Sage, London.
107. Sennett Richard. The Fall of Public Man. 1977;Knopf, New York.
108. Shalev Michael. Labor and the Political Economy in Israel. 1992;Oxford University Press, New York.
109. Shammas Carole. How Self-Sufficient was Early America? Journal of Interdisciplinary History. 13:1982;247-272.
110. Shorter Edward. The Making of the Modern Family. 1975;Basic Books, New York.
111. Sik Endre. Reciprocal Exchange of Labour in Hungary. Pahl Raymond. On Work. 1988;527-547 Basil Blackwell, Oxford.
112. Sik, Endre, and Barry Wellman. Forthcoming. "Network Capital in Capitalist, Communist and Post-Communist Countries." In Networks in the Global Village, edited by Barry Wellman. Boulder, CO: Westview Press.
113. Slater Philip. The Pursuit of Loneliness. 1970;Beacon Press, Boston.
114. Smith Daniel Scott. Life Course, Norms, and the Family System of Older Americans in 1900. Journal of Family History. 4:1979;285-298.
115. Smith Daniel Scott. Accounting for Change in the Families of the Elderly in the United States, 1900-Present. Van Tassell David, Stearns Peter N. Old Age in a Bureaucratic Society: The Elderly, the Experts, and the State in American History. 1986;Greenwood Press, Westport, CT.
116. Smith Daniel Scott. `All in Some Degree Related': A Demographic and Comparative Resolution of the Anomaly of New England Kinship. American Historical Review. 94:1989;44-79.
117. Smith Daniel Scott. The Curious History of Theorizing about the History of the Western Nuclear Family. Social Science History. 17:1993;325-353.
118. Smith James E. Computer Simulation of Kin Sets and Kin Counts. Bongaarts John, Burch Thomas, Wachter Kenneth W. Family Demography: Methods and Their Application. 1987;249-266 Oxford University Press, Oxford.
119. Starr Kevin. Inventing the Dream: California through the Progressive Era. 1985;Oxford University Press, New York.
120. Starr Kevin. Material Dreams: Southern California through the 1920s. 1990;Oxford University Press, New York.
121. Stearns Peter N., Stearns Carol Z. Emotionology: Clarifying the History of Emotions and Emotional Standards. American Historical Review. 90:1985;813-836.
122. Stearns Carol Z., Stearns Peter N. Emotion and Social Change: Toward a New Psychohistory. 1988;Holmes and Meier, New York.
123. Stein Maurice. The Eclipse of Community. 1960;Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ.
124. Stone Lawrence. The Family, Sex, and Marriage in England, 1500-1800. 1977;Harper and Row, New York.
125. Stone Lawrence. The Road to Divorce: England 1530-1987. 1990;Oxford University Press, New York.
126. Stone Lawrence. Uncertain Unions: Marriage in England, 1660-1753. 1992;Oxford University Press, New York.
127. Stone Lawrence. Broken Lives: Separation and Divorce in England, 1660-1857. 1993;Oxford University Press, New York.
128. Strong George Templeton. Nevins Allan, Thomas Milton Halsey. Diary. 1952;Macmillan Company, New York. 4 vols.
129. Suitor, J. Jill, Barry Wellman, and David Morgan. In press. "It's About Time: How, Why and When Networks Change." Social Networks.
130. Thernstrom Stephan. Poverty and Progress: Social Mobility in a Nineteenth-Century City. 1964;Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA.
131. Thernstrom Stephan. The Other Bostonians: Poverty and Progress in the American Metropolis, 1880-1970. 1973;Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA.
132. Tilly Charles. The Vendee: A Sociological Analysis of the Counter-Revolution of 1793. 1964;Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA.
133. Tilly Charles. Community: City: Urbanization. 1970;Department of Sociology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor. Working Paper.
134. Tilly Charles. Do Communities Act? Sociological Inquiry. 43:1973;209-240.
135. Tilly Charles. The Chaos of the Living City. Tilly Charles. An Urban World. 1974a;86-107 Little, Brown, Boston.
136. Tilly Charles. Introduction. Tilly Charles. An Urban World. 1974b;1-33 Little Brown, Boston.
137. Tilly Charles. Food Supply and Public Order in Modern Europe. Tilly Charles. The Formation of National States in Western Europe. 1975;380-455 Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ.
138. Tilly Charles. Collective Violence in European Perspective. Gurr Ted. Violence in America. revised version rev. edn. 1979;Sage, Beverly Hills, CA.
139. Tilly Charles. Misreading, then Rereading, Nineteenth-Century Social Change. Wellman Barry, Berkowitz S.D. Social Structures: A Network Approach. 1988;332-358 Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
140. Tilly Louise A., Scott Joan W. Women, Work, and Family. 1978;Holt, Rinehart and Winston, New York.
141. Tobey Ronald, Wetherell Charles, Brigham Jay. Moving Out and Settling In: Residential Mobility, Homeowning, and the Public Enframing of Citizenship, 1921-1950. American Historical Review. 95:1990;1395-1423.
142. Toennies Ferdinand. Community and Organization. 1887 [1955];Routledge & Kegan Paul, London.
143. Tristan Flora. Excerpt from Promenades dans Londres. Enright D.J., Rawlinson David. The Oxford Book of Friendship. 1840 [1991];92-93 Oxford University Press, Oxford.
144. Turner Frederick Jackson. The Significance of the Frontier in American History. Turner Frederick Jackson. The Frontier in American History. 1893 [1992];1-38 University of Arizona Press, Tucson.
145. Ulrich Laurel Thatcher. Good Wives: Image and Reality in the Lives of Women in Northern New England, 1650-1750. 1982;Alfred A. Knopf, New York.
146. Useem Ruth Hill, Useem John, Gibson D. The Functions of Neighboring for the Middle-Class Male. Human Organization. 19:1960;68-76.
147. Wadel Cato. Marginal Adaptations in a Newfoundland Outport. 1969;Institute of Social and Economic Research, Memorial University, St. John's, Newfoundland.
148. Wasserman Stanley, Faust Katharine. Social Network Analysis: Methods and Applications. 1994;Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
149. Weibe Robert H. The Search for Order, 1920-1977. 1967;Hill and Wang, New York.
150. Wellman Barry. The Community Question. American Journal of Sociology. 84:1979;1201-1231.
151. Wellman Barry. Studying Personal Communities. Marsden Peter, Lin Nan. Social Structure and Network Analysis. 1982;61-80 Sage, Beverly Hills, CA.
152. Wellman Barry. The Community Question Re-evaluated. Smith Michael Peter. Power, Community and the City. 1988a;81-107 Transaction Books, New Brunswick, NJ.
153. Wellman Barry. Structural Analysis: From Method and Metaphor to Theory and Substance. Wellman Barry, Berkowitz S.D. Social Structures: A Network Approach. 1988b;19-61 Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
154. Wellman Barry. The Place of Kinfolk in Community Networks. Marriage and Family Review. 15:1990;195-228.
155. Wellman Barry. Men in Networks: Private Communities, Domestic Friendships. Nardi Peter. Men's Friendships. 1992a;74-114 Sage, Newbury Park, CA.
156. Wellman Barry. Which Types of Ties and Networks Give What Kinds of Social Support? Lawler Edward, Markovsky Barry, Ridgeway Cecilia, Walker Henry. Advances in Group Processes. Vol. 9:1992b;207-235 JAI Press, Greenwich, CT.
157. Wellman Barry. An Egocentric Network Tale. Social Networks. 15:1993;423-436.
158. Wellman Barry. I was a Teenage Network Analyst: The Route from the Bronx to the Information Highway. Connections. 17:1994;28-45.
159. Wellman, Barry. In press. "Are Personal Communities Local? A Dumptarian Analysis." Social Networks.
160. Wellman, Barry, ed. Forthcoming. Networks in the Global Village. Boulder, CO: Westview Press.
161. Wellman Barry, Carrington Peter, Hall Alan. Wellman, Berkowitz. Networks as Personal Communities. 1988;130-184.
162. Wellman, Barry, and Milena Gulia. In press. "Net Surfers Don't Ride Alone." In Communities in Cyberspace, edited by Peter Kollock and Marc Smith. Berkeley: University of California Press.
163. Wellman Barry, Leighton Barry. Networks, Neighborhoods and Communities. Urban Affairs Quarterly. 14:1979;363-390.
164. Wellman Barry, Wortley Scot. Brothers' Keepers: Situating Kinship Relations in Broader Networks of Social Support. Sociological Perspectives. 32:1989;273-306.
165. Wellman Barry, Wortley Scot. Different Strokes From Different Folks: Community Ties and Social Support. American Journal of Sociology. 96:1990;558-588.
166. Wellman, Barry, Renita Yuk-lin Wong, David Tindall, and Nancy Nazer. In press. "A Decade of Network Change: Turnover, Persistence and Stability in Personal Communities." Social Networks.
167. Wellman Beverly, Wellman Barry. Domestic Affairs and Network Relations. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships. 9:1992;385-409.
168. Wenger G. Clare. A Network Typology: From Theory to Practice. Journal of Aging Studies. 5:1991;147-162.
169. Wenger G. Clare. Help in Old Age - Facing Up to Change: A longitudinal Network Study. 1992;Liverpool University Press, Liverpool.
170. Weatherill Lorna. Consumer Behaviour and Material Culture in Britain, 1660-1760. 1988;Routledge, London.
171. Wetherell Charles, Plakans Andrejs, Wellman Barry. Social Networks, Kinship, and Community in Eastern Europe. Journal of Interdisciplinary History. 24:1994;639-663.
172. White Harrison. Search Parameters for the Small World Problem. Social Forces. 49:1970;259-264.
173. White Harrison. Identity and Control. 1992;Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ.
174. Whyte William F. Street Corner Society. 1943;University of Chicago Press, Chicago.
175. Wireman Peggy. Urban Neighborhoods, Networks and Families. 1984;Lexington Books, Lexington, MA.
176. Wrightson Keith, Levine David. Poverty and Piety in an English Village: Terling, 1525-1700. 1979;Academic Press, New York.
177. Zunz Olivier. The Changing Face of Inequality: Urbanization, Industrial Development, and Immigrants in Detroit, 1880-1920. 1982;University of Chicago Press, Chicago.