Long-duration high-energy proton events observed by GOES in October 1989

Annales Geophysicae

Volumn 16, Issue 8, 1998, Pages 921-930

  Anttila, A ^a   Kocharov, L G ^a   Torsti, J ^a   Vainio, R ^a  

^a Universität Turku   (Finland)

Author keywords

Energetic particles; Flares and mass ejections; Interplanetary physics; Solar physics, astrophysics and astronomy

Indexed keywords

EID: 0041781415     PISSN: 09927689     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s00585-998-0921-0     Document Type: Article

References (42)

1. Bavassano, B., N. Iucci, R. P. Lepping, C. Signorini, E. J. Smith, and G. Villoresi, Galactic cosmic ray modulation and interplanetary medium perturbations due to a long-living active region during October 1989. J. Geophys. Res., 99, 4227, 1994.
2. Belian, R. D., G. R. Gisler, T. Cayton, and R. Christensen, High-Z energetic particles at geosynchronous orbit during the great solar proton event series of October 1989, J. Geophys. Res., 97, 16867, 1992.
3. Boberg, P., A. Tylka, and J. Adams, Solar energetic Fe charge state measurements: implications for acceleration by coronal mass ejection-driven shocks, Astrophys. J., 471, L65, 1996.
4. Cane, H. V., and I. G. Richardson, Cosmic ray decreases and solar wind disturbances during late October 1989, J. Geophys. Res., 100, 1755, 1995.
5. Cramp, J. L., J. E. Humble, and M. L. Duldig, The cosmic ray ground-level enhancement of 24 October 1989, Proc. ASA, 11, 28, 1994.
6. Cramp, J. L., M. L. Duldig, and J. E. Humble, Neutron monitor responses during highly anisotropic ground level enhancements, Proc. 24th ICRC. 4, 248, 1995.
7. Cramp, J. L., M. L. Duldig, E. O. Flückiger, J. E. Humble, M. A. Shea, and D. F. Smart, The October 22, 1989 solar cosmic ray enhancement: an analysis of the anisotropy and special characteristics, J. Geophys. Res., 102, 24237, 1997.
8. Duldig, M. L., J. L. Cramp, J. E. Humble, J. W. Bieber, P. Evenson, K. B. Fenton, A. G. Fenon, and M. B. M. Bendoricchio, The ground-level enhancements of 1989 September 29 and October 22, Proc. ASA, 10, 211, 1993.
9. Ellison, D. C., and R. Ramaty, Shock acceleration of electrons and ions in solar flares. Astrophys. J., 298, 400, 1985.
10. Hatzky, R., G. Wibberenz, and W. Bieber, Pitch angle distribution of SEPs and the transport parameters in interplanetary space I: properties of steady-state distributions, Proc. 24th ICRC, 4, 261, 1995.
11. Heras, A. M., B. Sanahuja, Z. K. Smith, T. Detman, and M. Dryer, The influence of the large-scale interplanetary shock structure on a low-energy particle event, Astrophys. J., 391, 359, 1992.
12. Heras, A. M., B. Sanahuja, D. Lario, Z. K. Smith, T. Detman, and M. Dryer, Three low-energy particle events: modeling the influence of the parent interplanetary shock, Astrophys. J., 445, 497, 1995.
13. Kahler, S. W., Solar flares and coronal mass ejections, Ann. Rev. Astron. Astrophys., 30, 113, 1992.
14. Kahler, S. W., Coronal mass ejections and long risetimes of solar energetic particle events, J. Geophys. Res., 98, 5607, 1993.
15. Kahler, S. W., Injection profiles of solar energetic particles as functions of coronal mass ejection heights, Astrophys. J., 428, 837, 1994.
16. Kallenrode, M.-B., Particle propagation in the inner heliosphere, J. Geophys. Res., 98, 19037, 1993.
17. Kallenrode, M.-B., A statistical survey of 5-MeV proton events at transient interplanetary shocks, J. Geophys. Res., 101, 24393, 1996.
18. Kallenrode, M.-B., and G. Wibberenz, Propagation of particles injected from interplanetary shocks: a black box model and its consequences for acceleration theory and data interpretation, J. Geophys. Res., 102, 22311, 1997.
19. Kallenrode, M.-B., G. Wibberenz, N. Kontor, and V. Stolpovskii, Multi-spacecraft observations of solar energetic and energetic storm particle events during November December 1982, Adv. Space. Res., 13, (9)355, 1993.
20. Klein, K.-L., G. Trottet, H. Auraß, A. Magun, and Y. Michou, Time-extended acceleration of energetic particles in the corona during the 19 October 1989 GLE, Adv. Space Res., 17, (4/5)247, 1996.
21. Kocharov, E. G., J. Torsti, R. Vainio, and G. A. Kovaltsov, Propagation of solar cosmic rays: diffusion vs. focused diffusion. Solar Phys., 165, 205, 1996.
22. Kunow, H., G. Wibberenz, G. Green, R. Müller-Mellin, and M.-B. Kallenrode, in Physics of the inner heliosphere II, Eds. R. Schwenn and E. Marsch Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg New York, p. 243, 1991.
23. Kunstmann, J., A new transport model for energetic particles in magnetic fluctuations superposed on a diverging mean field, Astrophys. J., 229, 812, 1979.
24. Leske, R., J. Cummings, R. Mewaldt, E. Stone, and T. von Rosenvinge, Measurements of the ionic charge states of solar energetic particles using the geomagnetic field, Astrophys. J., 452, L149, 1995.
25. Lim, T. L., J. J. Quenby, M. K. Reuss, E. Keppler, H. Kunow, B. Heber, and R. J. Forsyth, Can diffusive shock acceleration work fast enough in interplanetary shocks? Evidence from the November 1992 event, Proc. 24th Int. Cosmic Ray Conf., 4, 353, 1995.
26. 3He-rich solar flares, Astrophys. J., 317, 951, 1987.
27. Nemzek, R. J., R. D. Belian, T. E. Clayton, and G. D. Reeves, The October 22. 1989 solar cosmic ray event measured at geosynchronous orbit, J. Geophys. Res., 99, 4221, 1994.
28. Reames, D. V., Meyer, J. P., and von Rosenvinge, T. T., Energetic-particle abundances in impulsive solar flare events, Axtrophys. J. Suppl., 90, 649, 1994
29. Reames, D. V., Acceleration of energetic particles which accompany coronal mass ejections, Proc. Third SOHO Worksh., ESA SP-373, 107, 1994.
30. Reames, D. V., L. M. Barbier, and C. K. Ng, The spatial distribution of particles accelerated by coronal mass ejection-driven shocks. Astrophys. J., 466, 473, 1996.
31. Reeves, G. D., T. E. Cayton, S. P. Gary, and R. D. Belian, The great solar energetic particle events of 1989 observed from geosynchronous orbit. J. Geophys. Res., 97, 6219, 1992.
32. Sauer, H. H., GOES observation of energetic protons to E > 685 MeV: description and data comparison. Proc. 23rd ICRC, 3, 250, 1993.
33. Shea, M. A., and D. F. Smart, Possible evidence for a rigidity-dependent release of relativistic protons from the solar corona, Space Sci. Rev., 32, 251, 1982.
34. Shea, M. A., D. F. Smart, and E. C. Gentile, Asymptotic directions for selected cosmic ray stations calculated using the geomagnetic reference field for 1980, Report UAG-96, NOAA, Boulder, Colo., 155, 1987.
35. Shea, M. A., D. F. Smart, M. D. Wilson, and E. O. Flückiger, Possible ground-level measurements of solar neutron decay protons during the 19 October 1989 solar cosmic ray event, Geophys. Res. Lett., 18, 829, 1991.
36. Švestka, Z., and L. Frizová-Švestková, Type-II radio bursts and particle acceleration, Solar Phys., 36, 417, 1974.
37. Tan, L. C., G. M. Mason, B. Klecker, and D. Hovestadt, Seed population for ∼1 McV per nucleon heavy ions accelerated by interplanetary shocks. Astrophys. J., 345, 572, 1989.
38. Torsti, J., E. G. Kocharov, R. Vainio, A. Anttila, and G. A. Kovaltsov, The 1990 May 24 solar cosmic ray event. Solar Phys., 166, 135, 1996.
39. Torsti, J., A. Anttila, E. Kocharov, P. Mäkelä, E. Riihonen, T. Sabla, M. Teittinen, E. Valtonen, T. Laitinen, and R. Vainio, High-energy proton events associated with coronal mass ejections, Geophys. Res. Lett., in press. 1998.
40. Tylka, A. J., P. R. Boberg, J. H. Adams Jr., E. P. Beahm, W. F. Dietrich, and T. Kleis, The mean ionic charge state of solar energetic Fe ions above 200 MeV per nucleon, Astrophys. J., 444, L109, 1995.
41. Vainio, R., J. Torsti, L. G. Kocharov, and A. Anttila, GOES response to energetic protons of different origin, Proc. 24th ICRC, 4, 131, 1995.
42. Zwickl, R. D., GOES energetic particle correction algorithm, GOES Data Distribution disk, 1992.