Teaching news media practices in bibliographic instruction classes: A strategy involving framing and sourcing theory

Research Strategies

Volumn 16, Issue 1, 1998, Pages 53-69

  Dilevko, Juris ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF WESTERN ONTARIO   (Canada)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 0041738427     PISSN: 07343310     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0734-3310(98)90006-4     Document Type: Article

References (53)

1. For example, a recent compilation of BI literature did not list any titles that dealt with the teaching of news media sources. See Hannelore B. Rader, "Library Instruction and Information Literacy - 1995," Reference Services Review 24 (Winter 1996): 77-96.
2. Paul T. Adalain and Ilene F. Rockman, "Issues in Implementing and Teaching the Lexis/ Nexis Service in an Undergraduate Library," Reference Librarian 48 (1995): 99-113; Lorraine Evans and Peggy Keeran, "Beneath the Tip of the Iceberg: Expanding Students' Information Horizons," Research Strategies 13 (Fall 1995): 235-244; Jane B. Scales and Mary M. Gilles, "Lexis-Nexis in an Academic Reference Environment: User Policies and Instruction Methods," Reference Services Review 23 (Fall 1995): 85-90, 96.
3. Paul T. Adalain and Ilene F. Rockman, "Issues in Implementing and Teaching the Lexis/ Nexis Service in an Undergraduate Library," Reference Librarian 48 (1995): 99-113; Lorraine Evans and Peggy Keeran, "Beneath the Tip of the Iceberg: Expanding Students' Information Horizons," Research Strategies 13 (Fall 1995): 235-244; Jane B. Scales and Mary M. Gilles, "Lexis-Nexis in an Academic Reference Environment: User Policies and Instruction Methods," Reference Services Review 23 (Fall 1995): 85-90, 96.
4. Paul T. Adalain and Ilene F. Rockman, "Issues in Implementing and Teaching the Lexis/ Nexis Service in an Undergraduate Library," Reference Librarian 48 (1995): 99-113; Lorraine Evans and Peggy Keeran, "Beneath the Tip of the Iceberg: Expanding Students' Information Horizons," Research Strategies 13 (Fall 1995): 235-244; Jane B. Scales and Mary M. Gilles, "Lexis-Nexis in an Academic Reference Environment: User Policies and Instruction Methods," Reference Services Review 23 (Fall 1995): 85-90, 96.
5. Evan Ira Farber, "Plus Ça Change...," Library Trends 44 (Fall 1995): 430-438.
6. Cerise Oberman, "Unmasking Technology: A Prelude to Teaching," Research Strategies (Winter 1995): 34-39.
7. Marydee Ojala, "The Personality Characteristics of Newswires," Database 20 (April/May 1997): 14-26.
8. Stuart Hall, "Encoding/decoding." In Culture, Media, Language: Working Papers in Cultural Studies, 1972-1979, edited by Stuart Hall (London: Hutchinson, 1980), pp. 136-138.
9. Taylor Hubbard, "Bibliographical Instruction and Postmodern Pedagogy," Library Trends 44 (Fall 1995): 439-452.
10. Virginia Chappell, Randall A. Hensley, and Elizabeth Simmons-O'Neill, "Beyond Information Retrieval: Transforming Research Assignments into Genuine Inquiry," Journal of Teaching Writing 13 (1995): 209-224.
11. For example: Mary M. Huston, "May I Introduce You: Teaching Culturally Diverse End-Users through Everyday Information Seeking Experiences, " Reference Services Review 17 (Spring 1989): 7-11; Rebecca R. Martin, "Changing the University Climate: Three Libraries Respond to Multicultural Students," Journal of Academic Librarianship 20 (March 1994): 2-9.
12. For example: Mary M. Huston, "May I Introduce You: Teaching Culturally Diverse End-Users through Everyday Information Seeking Experiences, " Reference Services Review 17 (Spring 1989): 7-11; Rebecca R. Martin, "Changing the University Climate: Three Libraries Respond to Multicultural Students," Journal of Academic Librarianship 20 (March 1994): 2-9.
13. Otis A. Chadley, "Addressing Cultural Diversity in Academic and Research Libraries," College & Research Libraries 53 (May 1992): 206-214; Cliff Glaviano and R. Errol Lam, "Academic Libraries and Affirmative Action," College & Research Libraries 51 (November 1990): 513-523; Charlene S. Hurt, Laura O. Rein, Maureen S. Conners, John C. Walsh, and Anna C. Wu, "Collection Development Strategies for a University Center Library," College & Research Libraries 56 (November 1995): 487-94.
14. Otis A. Chadley, "Addressing Cultural Diversity in Academic and Research Libraries," College & Research Libraries 53 (May 1992): 206-214; Cliff Glaviano and R. Errol Lam, "Academic Libraries and Affirmative Action," College & Research Libraries 51 (November 1990): 513-523; Charlene S. Hurt, Laura O. Rein, Maureen S. Conners, John C. Walsh, and Anna C. Wu, "Collection Development Strategies for a University Center Library," College & Research Libraries 56 (November 1995): 487-94.
15. Otis A. Chadley, "Addressing Cultural Diversity in Academic and Research Libraries," College & Research Libraries 53 (May 1992): 206-214; Cliff Glaviano and R. Errol Lam, "Academic Libraries and Affirmative Action," College & Research Libraries 51 (November 1990): 513-523; Charlene S. Hurt, Laura O. Rein, Maureen S. Conners, John C. Walsh, and Anna C. Wu, "Collection Development Strategies for a University Center Library," College & Research Libraries 56 (November 1995): 487-94.
16. Camila A. Alire and Frederick J. Stielow, "Minorities and the Symbolic Potential of the Academic Library: Reinventing the Tradition," College & Research Libraries 56 (November 1995): 509-517.
17. "Minorities and the Symbolic Potential of the Academic Library: Reinventing the Tradition," p. 510. The authors quote Donald Grinde, Jr.
18. "Minorities and the Symbolic Potential of the Academic Library: Reinventing the Tradition," pp. 510, 516.
19. Ben H. Bagdikian, The Media Monopoly, 5th ed. (Boston, MA: Beacon Press, 1997); Benjamin M. Compaine, Christopher H. Sterling, Thomas Guback and J. Kendrick, Noble Jr., Who Owns the Media: Concentration of Ownership in the Mass Communications Industry (White Plains, NY: Knowledge Industry Publications, 1982); Dennis W. Mazzocco, Networks of Power: Corporate TV's Threat to Democracy (Boston, MA: South End Press, 1994); Ralph Negrine, Politics and the Mass Media in Britain, 2nd ed. (London: Routledge, 1994); Ian Ward, Politics of the Media (South Melbourne: Macmillan Education Australia, 1995).
20. Ben H. Bagdikian, The Media Monopoly, 5th ed. (Boston, MA: Beacon Press, 1997); Benjamin M. Compaine, Christopher H. Sterling, Thomas Guback and J. Kendrick, Noble Jr., Who Owns the Media: Concentration of Ownership in the Mass Communications Industry (White Plains, NY: Knowledge Industry Publications, 1982); Dennis W. Mazzocco, Networks of Power: Corporate TV's Threat to Democracy (Boston, MA: South End Press, 1994); Ralph Negrine, Politics and the Mass Media in Britain, 2nd ed. (London: Routledge, 1994); Ian Ward, Politics of the Media (South Melbourne: Macmillan Education Australia, 1995).
21. Ben H. Bagdikian, The Media Monopoly, 5th ed. (Boston, MA: Beacon Press, 1997); Benjamin M. Compaine, Christopher H. Sterling, Thomas Guback and J. Kendrick, Noble Jr., Who Owns the Media: Concentration of Ownership in the Mass Communications Industry (White Plains, NY: Knowledge Industry Publications, 1982); Dennis W. Mazzocco, Networks of Power: Corporate TV's Threat to Democracy (Boston, MA: South End Press, 1994); Ralph Negrine, Politics and the Mass Media in Britain, 2nd ed. (London: Routledge, 1994); Ian Ward, Politics of the Media (South Melbourne: Macmillan Education Australia, 1995).
22. Ben H. Bagdikian, The Media Monopoly, 5th ed. (Boston, MA: Beacon Press, 1997); Benjamin M. Compaine, Christopher H. Sterling, Thomas Guback and J. Kendrick, Noble Jr., Who Owns the Media: Concentration of Ownership in the Mass Communications Industry (White Plains, NY: Knowledge Industry Publications, 1982); Dennis W. Mazzocco, Networks of Power: Corporate TV's Threat to Democracy (Boston, MA: South End Press, 1994); Ralph Negrine, Politics and the Mass Media in Britain, 2nd ed. (London: Routledge, 1994); Ian Ward, Politics of the Media (South Melbourne: Macmillan Education Australia, 1995).
23. Ben H. Bagdikian, The Media Monopoly, 5th ed. (Boston, MA: Beacon Press, 1997); Benjamin M. Compaine, Christopher H. Sterling, Thomas Guback and J. Kendrick, Noble Jr., Who Owns the Media: Concentration of Ownership in the Mass Communications Industry (White Plains, NY: Knowledge Industry Publications, 1982); Dennis W. Mazzocco, Networks of Power: Corporate TV's Threat to Democracy (Boston, MA: South End Press, 1994); Ralph Negrine, Politics and the Mass Media in Britain, 2nd ed. (London: Routledge, 1994); Ian Ward, Politics of the Media (South Melbourne: Macmillan Education Australia, 1995).
24. Arthur Seigel, Politics and the Media in Canada, 2nd ed. (Toronto: McGraw-Hill Ryerson, 1996); John Saunders and Casey Mahood, "New Layout, Same Story," The Globe and Mail (May 4, 1996): B1, B5.
25. Arthur Seigel, Politics and the Media in Canada, 2nd ed. (Toronto: McGraw-Hill Ryerson, 1996); John Saunders and Casey Mahood, "New Layout, Same Story," The Globe and Mail (May 4, 1996): B1, B5.
26. Neil Hickey, "So Big: The Telecommunications Act at Year One," Columbia Journalism Review (January/February 1997): 23-28; Mark Crispin Miller, "The National Entertainment State: Free the Media," The Nation, June 3, 1996, 9-28; Mark Crispin Miller, "The Crushing Power of Big Publishing," The Nation, March 17, 1997, 11-18.
27. Neil Hickey, "So Big: The Telecommunications Act at Year One," Columbia Journalism Review (January/February 1997): 23-28; Mark Crispin Miller, "The National Entertainment State: Free the Media," The Nation, June 3, 1996, 9-28; Mark Crispin Miller, "The Crushing Power of Big Publishing," The Nation, March 17, 1997, 11-18.
28. Neil Hickey, "So Big: The Telecommunications Act at Year One," Columbia Journalism Review (January/February 1997): 23-28; Mark Crispin Miller, "The National Entertainment State: Free the Media," The Nation, June 3, 1996, 9-28; Mark Crispin Miller, "The Crushing Power of Big Publishing," The Nation, March 17, 1997, 11-18.
29. Doug Underwood, When MBAs Rule the Newsroom: How the Marketers and Managers are Reshaping Today's Media (New York: Columbia University Press, 1993). For a recent and compelling example of how business concerns are detrimentally impacting editorial independence, see James Sterngold, "A Growing Clash of Visions at the Los Angeles Times," The New York Times, October 13, 1997, C1, C8.
30. Doug Underwood, When MBAs Rule the Newsroom: How the Marketers and Managers are Reshaping Today's Media (New York: Columbia University Press, 1993). For a recent and compelling example of how business concerns are detrimentally impacting editorial independence, see James Sterngold, "A Growing Clash of Visions at the Los Angeles Times," The New York Times, October 13, 1997, C1, C8.
31. Susan Faludi, "The Mailing of the Media," The Nation, May 27, 1996, 10; see also, for example, David C. Coulson and Anne Hansen, "The Louisville Courier-Journal's News Content After Purchase by Gannett," Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly 72 (Spring 1995): 205-215.
32. Susan Faludi, "The Mailing of the Media," The Nation, May 27, 1996, 10; see also, for example, David C. Coulson and Anne Hansen, "The Louisville Courier-Journal's News Content After Purchase by Gannett," Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly 72 (Spring 1995): 205-215.
33. For a succinct account of the increasing power of advertisers on magazines, an indispensable survey is presented in Russ Baker, "The Squeeze," Columbia Journalism Review (September/ October 1997): 30-36.
34. C. Edwin Baker, Advertising and a Democratic Press (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1994), pp. 44-70.
35. Pamela Shoemaker and Steven Reese, Mediating the Message: Theories of Influence on Mass Media Content, 2nd ed. (New York: Longman, 1996), pp. 224, 228-237.
36. Todd Gitlin, The Whole World is Watching: Mass Media and the Making and Unmaking of the Left (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1980), p. 253.
37. Robert M. Entman, "Framing: Toward Clarification of a Fractured Paradigm," Journal of Communication 43 (Autumn 1993): 51-58.
38. Todd Gitlin, The Whole World is Watching: Mass Media and the Making and Unmaking of the Left (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1980), p. 7.
39. Michael Dolny, "The Think Tank Spectrum: For The Media, Some Thinkers Are More Equal Than Others," Extra!: The Magazine of Fairness & Accuracy in Reporting (May/June 1996): 21.
40. Oscar H. Gandy, Jr. Beyond Agenda Setting: Information Subsidies and Public Policy (Norwood, NJ: Ablex, 1982).
41. Leon V. Sigal, Reporters and Officials: The Organization and Politics of Newsmaking (Lexington, MA: Heath, 1972).
42. Jane Delano Brown, Carl R. Bybee, Stanley T. Wearden, and Dulcie Murdock Straughan, "Invisible Power: Newspaper News Sources and the Limits of Diversity," Journalism Quarterly 64 (Spring 1987): 45-54.
43. Teun A. Van Dijk, News As Discourse (Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum, 1988); Teun A. Van Dijk, News Analysis: Case Studies of International and National News in the Press (Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum, 1988).
44. Teun A. Van Dijk, News As Discourse (Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum, 1988); Teun A. Van Dijk, News Analysis: Case Studies of International and National News in the Press (Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum, 1988).
45. Ella Shohat and Robert Stam, Unthinking Eurocentrism: Multiculturalism and the Media (London: Routledge, 1994), pp. 2, 3, 5, 17, 359.
46. Ella Shohat and Robert Stam, p. 17.
47. There is another point to be made about the headline of the Macleans's article. "The big spill" makes an allusion to the title of the movie "The Big Chill, " thus symbolically placing the Guyana accident in the realm of nostalgic Hollywood entertainment and removing it from the realm of serious human tragedy. The author would like to thank Professor Gloria Leckie of the University of Western Ontario for this valuable insight.
48. The picture and picture-caption accompanying the Maclean's article also stress the eventual containability of the "spill."
49. Of the 10 sentences of direct quotation, nine are from mining industry spokespersons.
50. Ella Shohat and Robert Stam, Unthinking Eurocentrism: Multiculturalism and the Media (London: Routledge, 1994), p. 18.
51. Robert M. Entman, "Framing: Toward Clarification of a Fractured Paradigm," Journal of Communication 43 (Autumn 1993): 51-58.
52. Camila A. Alire and Frederick J. Stielow, "Minorities and the Symbolic Potential of the Academic Library: Reinventing the Tradition," College & Research Libraries 56 (November 1995): 509-517.
53. Another worthwhile exercise consists of giving one-half of the students in a BI class an article from a mainstream news source and providing the other half of the students with an article covering the same event as derived from an alternative news source. Each half of the class is asked to write, collectively, a 7-10 sentence summary of their article. The summaries are then read aloud. Invariably, the summaries are markedly different, and this circumstance leads naturally into a discussion of why such differences arise.