The Paleocene/Eocene boundary in Egypt: An overview

Micropaleontology

Volumn 49, Issue SUPPLEMENT 1, 2003, Pages 15-40

  Ouda, Khaled ^a  

^a Assiut University   (Egypt)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

BIOSTRATIGRAPHY; CHEMOSTRATIGRAPHY; LITHOSTRATIGRAPHY; PALEOCENE-EOCENE BOUNDARY; SEQUENCE BOUNDARY; TETHYS;

EGYPT;

EID: 0041663273     PISSN: 00262803     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2113/49.Suppl_1.15     Document Type: Article

References (136)

1. ABD EL RAZIK, T.M., 1969. Gerologiucal studies on the upper Cretaceous-Eocene sediments in Gebel Abu Had (Wadi Qena). Bulletin Faculty of Sciences Cairo University, 42: 269-297.
2. th Arab Petroleum Congrress. 71(B-3), 1-23, Algiers.
3. nd annual Meeting, Abstract, 15-16.
4. ABDALLAH, A.M., EL SHARKAWI, M.A., and MARZOUK, A., 1970. Geology of Mersa Thelmet area, Southern Galala, Eastern Desert, A.R.E. Bulletin Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Cairo, 44: 271-280.
5. ABDEL KIREEM, M.R., 1976. Contributions to the stratigraphy of Gebel Thelmet area, South Galala plateau, Eastern Desert, Egypt. Bulletin Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, 11(2): 71-86.
6. ABDEL KIREEM, M.R. and ABDOU, H.F., 1979. Upper Cretaceous- Lower Tertiary planktonic foraminifera from South Galala Plateau. Eastern Desert, Egypt. Revista Española de Micropaleontologia, 11: 175-222.
7. ABDEL KIREEM, M.R. and SAMIR, A.M., 1995. Biostratigraphic implication of the Maastrichtian-lower Eocene sequence at the North Gunna section, Farafra Oasis, Western Desert, Egypt. Marine Micropaleontology 26: 329-340.
8. ABDELMALIK, W.M., 1982. Calcareous nannoplankton from the sequence between Dakhla and Esna formations (Upper Cretaceous-Lower Eocene) in Quseir area, Egypt. Revista Española de Micropaleontologia 14:73-84.
9. ABDELMALIK, W.M., BASSIOUNI, M.A., KERDANY, M.T. and OBEID, F.L., 1978a. Biostratigraphy of Upper Cretaceous-Lower Tertiary rocks from West Central Sinai: 2. Calcareous nannoplankton. Annals Mines Géologie., 28: 217-241.
10. ABDELMALIK, W.M., BASSIOUNI, M.A. and OBEID, F.L., 1978b. Biostratigraphy of Upper Cretaceous-Lower Tertiary rocks from West Central Sinai: I-Plankton foraminifera. Annals Mines Géologie. 28:181-215.
11. ABDOU, H.F., 1954. Lateral variation of some Upper Cretaceous Rocks (Qosseir area). M.Sc. Thesis, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Egypt, 91 p.
12. ABDOU, H.F., 1960. Biostratigraphy and paleoecology of some sections of Upper Cretaceous and Paleocene rocks in Southern Egypt. Ph.D. Thesis, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Egypt.
13. ABDOU, H.F., NAIM, E.M. and ABDEL-KIREEM, M.R., 1969. Planktonic foraminiferal zonation of the Upper Cretaceous-Lower Tertiary rocks of Gebel Ghanima. Kharga Oasis, Western Desert, Egypt. Bulletin Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, 9: 251-270.
14. ABOUL-ELA, N.M., 1989. Lower Tertiary microflora from the Esna Shale of the Red Sea coast, Egypt. Revista Española de Micropaleontologia, 21: 189-206.
15. ABU KHADRA, A., DARWISH, M., AZABI, M. and ABDEL FATTAH, M., 1987. Lithostratigraphy of the Upper Cretaceous- Lower Tertiary succession in Gulf of Suez, Southern Galala Plateau, Egypt. In: Matheis, G. and Schmand-Elmeier, H., Eds., Current research in African Earth Science. Balkema, Rotterdan, 171-176.
16. ADATTE, T., BOLLE, M.-P., DE KAENEL, E., GAWENDA, PO., WINKLER, W. and VON SALIS, K., 2000. Climatic evolution from Paleocene to earliest Eocene inferred from clay-minerals: A transect from northern Spain (Zumaya) to southern (Spain, Tunisia) and southeastern Tethys margins (Israel, Negev). Geological Society of Sweden (GFF), 122, 7-8.
17. ADATTE, T., KELLER, G., LU, G., BOLLE, M.P., and ORTIZ, N., 1998. Abrupt climatic, Oceanographic and ecologic changes near the Paleocene-Eocene transition in the deep Tethys basin: the Alamedilla section (Southern Spain). Strata, Ser. 1, 9:10-11.
18. ALCALA-GARCIA, F.J., LOPEZ-GALINDO, A., MARTINEZ-GALLEGO, J., and MARTIN-MARTIN, M., 1998. The Paleocene/ Eocene boundary at the High Chain. External Betic zone (Southern Spain). Strata, 1(9): 12-15.
19. AREF, M., PHILOBBOS, E.R. and RAMADAN, M., 1988. Upper Cretaceous-Lower Tertiary planktonic biostratigraphy along the Egyptian Red Sea Region and its tectonic implication. Bulletin Faculty of Science, Assiut University, 17(2): 171-201.
20. ARENILLAS, I. and MOLINA, E., 1996. Biostratigrafia y evolcion de las asociaciones de foraminiferos planctonicos del tránsito Paleoceno-Eoceno en Alamedilla (Cordilleras Bétucas). Revista Española de Micropaleontologia, 18(1): 75-98.
21. AUBRY, M.-P., 1996. Towards an upper Paleocene-lower Eocene high resolution stratigraphy. In: Aubry, M.-P. and Benjamin, C., Ed., Palocene/Eocene Boundary Events in space and Time. Israel Journal of Earth Sciences, 44: 239-253.
22. AUBRY, M.-P., REQUIRAND, C. and COOK, J., 2000. The Rhomboaster-Tribrachiatus lineage: A remarkable succession of events from 55.5 to 53.2 Ma. Geological Society of Sweden (GFF), 122: 15-18.
23. AUBRY, M.-P., OUDA, K.H., DUPUIS, C., VAN COUVERING, J. A. and the Members of the Working Group on the Paleocene/Eocene Boundary 2002. Proposal: Global Standard Stratotype-section and Point (GSSP) at the Dababiya section (Egypt) for the Base of the Eocene Series. International Union of Geological Sciences, International Commission on Stratigraphy, Subcommission on Paleogene Stratigraphy, 57 p.
24. AUBRY, M.P., BERGGREN, W.A. CRANNER, B., DUPUIS, C., KETN, D.V., OUDA, KH., SCHMITZ, B. and STEURBAUT, E., 1999. Paleocene/Eocene boundaries sections in Egypt. In: Ouda, Kh and Soliman H., Eds., Late Paleocene-Early Eocene Events from Northern Africa to the Middle East. International Symposium in connection with First International Conference on the geology of Africa. Nov. 23-25, 1999, Assiut, Egypt, 1-11.
25. AWAD, G.H., 1964. Paleontological zoning of the Upper Cretaceous-Lower Tertiary in the U.A.R. Lecture Presented to the members of the Geological. Society of Egypt at its annual meeting (unpublished).
26. AWAD, G. H., and GHOBRIAL, M.G., 1965. Zonal stratigraphy of the Kharga Oasis. Ministry of Industry, General Egyptian Organization for Geological Research and Mining, Geological Survey, Paper No. 34: 1-77, Cairo.
27. BACETA, J.I., PUJALTE, V., DINARÈS-TURELL, J., PAYROS, A., ORUE-ETXEBARRIA, X., and BEMAOLA, G., 2000. The Paleocene/Eocene boundary interval in the Zumaia section (Gipuzkoa, basque basin): Magnetostratigraphy and High-resolution lithostratigraphy. Revista Societe. Geologia. Española, 13(2): 375-391.
28. BALL, J., 1900. Kharga Oasis, its topography and geology. Egypt. Geological Survey Department, Cairo, 116 pp.
29. BANDEL, K., KUSS, J. and MALCHUS, N., 1987. The sediments of Wadi Qena area, Eastern Desert, Egypt. Journal African Earth Sciences, 6(4): 427-455.
30. BARAKAT, G.M. and ABDEL HAMID, L.M., 1974. Subsurface geology of Farafra Oasis. Egyptian Journal of Geology, 17(2): 97-110.
31. BARRON, T. and HUME, W.H., 1902. Topography and Geology of the Eastern Desert of Egypt (Central Portion). Egypt Survey Department, Cairo: 1-133, pls. 1-40.
32. BARTHEL, K.W. and HERMANN-BEGEN, W., 1981. Late Cretaceous and Early Tertiary stratigraphy in the great sand sea and its SE margins. (Farafra and Dakhla Oases), SW Desert, Egypt. Mitteilungen Bayerische staatsslungen Paläontologie Historische Geologie, 21: 41-182.
33. BEADNELL, H.J.L., 1905. The relations of the Eocene and Cretaceous systems in the Esna-Aswan reach of the Nile Valley. Geological Society of London. Quarternary Journal, 61: 667-678.
34. BEADNELL, H.J.L., 1909. An Egyptian Oasis: An account of the Oasis of Kharga in Libyan Desert. Murray, London, 248 pp.
35. BERGGREN, W.A. and OUDA, KH., 2003. Upper Paleocene-lower Eocene planktonic foraminiferal biostratigraphy of the Dababiya section, Upper Nile Valley (Egypt). Micropaleontology, volume 49, supplement 1, chapter 4, this volume.
36. BERGGREN, W.A., 2003. Upper Paleocene-lower Eocene planktonic foraminiferal biostratigraphy of the Qreiya section, Upper Nile Valley (Egypt). Micropaleontology, volume 49, supplement 1, chapter 6, this volume.
37. BERGGREN, W.A., KENT, D.V., SWISHER, C.C., III and AUBRY, M.-P. (=BKSA)., 1995. A revised Cenozoic geochronology and chronostratigraphy. In Berggren, W., Kent, D.V., Aubry, M.-P. and Hardenbol, Geochronology, Time Scales and Global Stratigraphic Correlation, Society for Sedimentary Geology, Special Publication 54: 129-212.
38. BLOW, W.H., 1969. Late Middle Eocene to Recent planktonic foraminiferal biostratigraphy. Proc. First International Conference Planktonic microfossils. (Geneva, 1967), 1:199-422.
39. BLOW, W.H., 1979. The Caenozoic Globigerinidae. 3 vols. Leiden: E.J. Brill, 1-1413.
40. BOLLE, M.P., ADATTE, T., KELLER, G., VON SALIS, K. and BURNS, S., 1999. The Paleocene-Eocene transition in the southern Tethys (Tunisia): Climatic and environmental fluctuations. Bulletin de la Société Géologique de France, 170 (5):661-680.
41. BOLLE, M-P., TANTAWY, A., PARDO, A., ADATE, T., BURNS, S. and KASSAB, A., 2000. Climatic and environmental changes documented in the upper Paleocene to lower Eocene of Egypt, Ecloga. Geologicae Helvetiae, 93:33-51.
42. BOLLI, H.M., Ed., 1975. Monografia micropaleontologica sul Paleocene e L'Eocene of di Possagno, Provincia di Treviso, Italia. Memorias svezzere Paleontologia 97, 1-223.
43. BOUKHARY, M., BASSIOUNI, M.A. and KAMEL, Y.H., 1995. Nummulites luterbacheri n.sp., unexpected large Nummulites from basal llerdian (Early Eocene) from El Quss Abu Said, Farafra Oasis, Western Desert, Egypt. Revue de Micropaléontologie, 38(4): 285-298.
44. 13C isotopes across the Paleocene-Eocene transition at Caravaca and Zumaya, Spain. Paleogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 114: 75-100.
45. 86Sr) isotopes through the Paleocene at Gebel Aweina, eastern Tethyan region. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 116:103-129.
46. DOCKERY, D.T., 1998. Molluscan faunas across the Paleocene/Eocene Boundary in the North American Gulf Coastal Plain. In: Aubry, M.-P., Lucas, S. and Berggren, W.A., Late Paleocene-Early Eocene Climatic and Biotic Events in the Marine and Terrestrial Records. New York: Columbia University Press, 296-322.
47. DUPUIS, C., STEURBAUT, E., AUBRY, M.-P., BERGGREN, W.A., CRAMER, B.S. MAGIONCALDA, R. and OUDA, K., 2003. The Dababiya section (Upper Nile Valley, Egypt): stratigraphic context and geological significance of the Paleocene/Eocene boundary GSSP. Micropaleontology, volume 49, supplement 1, chapter 3, this volume.
48. st International Conference on Geology of the Arab World, Cairo University, 407-432.
49. EL DAWOODY, A.S., 1993. Biostratigraphy of the Early Tertiary succession in the Esna/Luxor region, Nile Valley, Egypt: Indicated by Nannofossils, Egyptian Journal of Geology, 37:165-190.
50. th Arab Petroleum Congress, Algiers, 70(B-3): 43.
51. EL DAWY, M.H., 1993. Upper Cretaceous-Lower Tertiary Planktonic Foraminiferal biostratigraphy of Queih area, Quseir District, Egypt. Egyptian Journal of Geology, 37(1):211-232.
52. EL HINNAWI, M., ABDALLAH, A.M. and ISSAWI, B., 1978. Geology of Abu Bayan-Bulaq Stretch, Western Desert, Egypt. Annals of Geological Survey of Egypt, 8: 19-50.
53. EL NAGGAR, Z.R., 1966. Stratigraphy and planktonic foraminifera of Upper Cretaceous-Lower Tertiary succession in the Esna-Idfu region, Nile Valley, Egypt. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History), Geological Supplement 2: 1-291.
54. ELLISON, R.A., KNOX, R.W., O'B., JOLLEY, D.W. AND KING, C., 1994. A revision of the lithostratigraphical classification of the early Palaeogene strata of the London basin and East Anglia. Proceedings of the Geologists' Association, 105: 187-197.
55. FARIS, M., 1982. Micropaleontologie et Biostratigraphic du Crétacé Supérieur a l'Eocène Inférieur de l'Egypte Centrale (Région de Duwi. Vallée du Nil, Oasis de Kharga et de Dakhla). Ph.D. Thesis, Acad. Paris Universite P et M Curie, 1-438.
56. FARIS, M., 1993. Calcareous nannofossil events at the Paleocene-Eocene boundary in Egypt. Bulletin Faculty of Science Qena, Assiut University, 1/2:89-99.
57. FARIS, M., ABDEL HAMEED, A.T., and MARZUK, A.M., 1986. The Cretaceous/Tertiary boundary in Taramsa section, west of Qena. Nile Valley, Egypt. Newsletter Stratigraphy, 16(2):85-97.
58. FARIS, M., ALLAM, A. and MARZUK, A.M., 1985. Biostratigraphy of the Late Cretaceous-Early Tertiary rocks in the Nile Valley (Qena Region), Egypt. Annals of Geological Survey of Egypt, 15: 287-300.
59. GALEOTTI, S., ANGORI, E., COCCIONI, R., FERRARI, G., GALBURN, B., MONECHI, S., MORETTINI E., PREMOLI SILVA I, SPEIJER, R., and TURI, B., 2000. Integrated stratigraphy accross the Paleocene/Eocene boundary in the Contessa-road section. Gubbio (central Italy), Bulletin de la Société Géologique de France. 171, 355-366.
60. GHORAB, M.A., 1956. A summary of a proposed rock stratigraphic classification of the Upper Cretaceous rocks in Egypt. Read before the Geological Society of Egypt, Cairo, June 12, 1956.
61. GHORAB, M.A., 1961. Abnormal stratigraphic features in Ras Gharib oilfield. Third Arab Petroleum Congress, Alexandria, 10 pp.
62. HAGGAG, M.A., 1992. Planktonic foraminiferal groups and zonation of the Paleocene/Eocene of the South Galala and environs. Egyptian Journal of Geology, 35(1-2): 37-50.
63. HAQ, B.U., HARDENBOL, J. and VAIL, P.R., 1987. Chronology of fluctuating sea levels since the Triassic. Science, 235: 1156-1166.
64. HENDRIKS, F., LUGER, P., BIWITZ, J. and KALLENBACH, H., 1987. Evolution of the depositional environments of SE-Egypt during the Cretaceous and lower Tertiary. Berliner Geowissenschafte Abhandlungen, (A), 75: 49-82.
65. HENDRIKS, F., LUGER, P., KALLENBACH, H. and SCHROEDER, J.H., 1984. Stratigraphical and sedimentological framework of the Kharga-Sinn El-Kaddab Stretch (Western and Southern part of the Upper Nile Basin), Western Desert, Egypt. Berliner Geowiss. Abhandlungen, (A), 50:117-151.
66. HERMINA, M., 1990. The surroundings of Kharga, Dakhla and Farafra Oases. In: Said, R., Ed., The Geology of Egypt. Rotterdam: Balkema, 734 pp.
67. HERMINA, M., KLITSCH, E. and LIST, F.K., Eds., 1989. Stratigraphic Lexicon and explanatory notes to the Geological map of Egypt 1:500000. Conoco Inc., Cairo, Egypt, 1-263.
68. HEWAIDY, A.A., 1983. Paleocene-Eocene stratigraphy of Esna Shale (s.l.) in Kharga area, Western Desert, Egypt. Unpubl. Ph.D. Thesis, Faculty of Science, Al Azhar University, Cairo, 319 p.
69. ISSAWI, B., 1969. The geology of Kurkur-Dungul area. Geological Survey of Egypt, 46, 102 p.
70. ISSAWI, B., 1971. The Geology of Darb El Arbain, Western Desert, Egypt. Annals of Geological Survey of Egypt, 1:53-91.
71. ISSAWI, B., 1972. Review of Upper Cretaceous-Lower Tertiary stratigraphy in central and southern Egypt. American Association of Petroleum Geologists, Bulletin, 56(8): 1448-1463.
72. ISSAWI, B., EL HINNAWI, M., FRANCIS, M. and MAZHER, A., 1999. The Phanerozoic geology of Egypt: A geodynamic approach. Egyptian Geological Survey, Special Publication 76: 462 pp.
73. KASSAB, A.S., 1990. A new record of Paleocene oysters from the north Eastern Desert, Egypt. Bulletin of Faculty of Science. Assiut University, Assiut 19(2F): 135-175.
74. KASSAB, A.S. and KEHEILA, E., 1994. Paleocene Biostratigraphy and sea level changes of the northern Eastern Desert of Egypt. Newsletter stratigraphy, 31(2): 85-100.
75. KENNETT, J.P. and STOTT, L.D., 1991. Abrupt deep sea warming, paleoceanographic changes and benthic extinctions at the end of the Paleocene, Nature, 353: 225-229.
76. KENT, D.V. and AUBRY, M.P., 1998. Magnetobiostratigraphic correlations in the upper Paleocene-lower Eocene Alamedilla Section, Spain. Strata, Ser. 1, 9:69-70.
77. KERDANY, M.T., 1970. Lower Tertiary nannoplankton zones in Egypt. Newsletter Stratigraphy, Leiden, 1:35-48.
78. KHALIFA, H. and ELSAYED, G. 1984. Biostratigraphic zonation of the Late Cretaceous-Early Paleogene successtion along El Sheikh Fadl-Ras Gharib, Eastern Desert, Egypt, Bulletin Faculty of Science, Assiut University, 13(1): 175-190.
79. KHALIFA, M.A. and ZAGHLOUL, E.A., 1985. Stratigraphy and depositional history of the Upper Cretaceous-Paleocene sequence in Abu Mingar-Farafra stretch. Western Desert, Egypt. Annals of Geological Survey of Egypt, 15: 275-285.
80. KNOX, R.W. O'B., AUBRY, MARIE-PIERRE, BERGGREN, WILLIAM A., DUPUIS, CHRISTIAN, OUDA, KHALED, MAGIONCALDA, ROBERTO, SOLIMAN, MAMDOUH, 2003. The Qreiya Section at Gebel Abu Had: Lithostratigraphy, Clay Mineralogy, Geochemistry and Biostratigraphy. Micropaleontology, volume 49, supplement 1, chapter 5, this volume.
81. KRASHENINNIKOV, V.A. and ABDEL RAZIK, T.M., 1969. Zonal stratigraphy of the Paleocene in Qusseir, Red Sea coast. Proc. Third African Micropaleontological Colloquium Cairo (1968):299-309.
82. KRASHENINNIKOV, V.A. and PONIKAROV, V.P., 1964. Zonal stratigraphy of Paleogene in the Nile Valley. Geological Survey and Mineral Research Department, Egypt, 32: 1-26.
83. LE ROY, L.W., 1953. Biostratigraphy of the Maqfi section, Egypt. Geological Society of America, 54: 1-73.
84. 13C excursion near the Palaeocene-Eocene transition: evidence from the Tethys. Terra Research, 8: 347-355.
85. LUGER, P., 1985. Stratigraphie der marinen oberkreide und des Alttertiars in sudwestlichen Obernil-Becken (SW-Agypten) under besonderer Berucksichtigung der Mikropaläontologie, Paläoekologie und Paleäogeographie. Berliner Geowissenchaft Abhandlungen, (A), 63:1-151.
86. LUGER, P., 1988. Maestrichtian to Paleocene facies evolution and Cretaceous/ Tertiary boundary in middle and southern Egypt. Revista Espanola de Micropaleontologia, Numero extraordinario: 83-90.
87. LUTERBACHER, H.P., 1964. Studies in some Globorotalia from the Paleocene and Lower Eocene of the central Apennines. Eclogae Geologicae Helvetiae, 57(2): 631-730.
88. nd Planktonic Conference, Roma, 1970, 739-785.
89. th Exploration Seminar, Egypt. General. Petroleum Corporation, 310-324.
90. MAZHAR, A., ENANY, N. and ABDEL KADER, Y., 1979. Contribution to the Cretaceous-Early Tertiary stratigraphy of El-Galala El-Qibliya Plateau. Annals of Geological Survey of Egypt, 9: 337-387.
91. th African Micropaleontological Colloquium, Paris, 1980, 1:21-30.
92. MOLINA, E., ARENILLAS, I. and PARDO, A., 1998. Planktic foraminiferal biostratigraphy across the Paleocene Eocene boundary: events and correlations. Strata, Ser. 1, 9:93-96.
93. MOLINA, E., ARENILLAS, I. and PARDO, A., 1999. High resolution planktic formainiferal biostratigraphy and correlatoin across the Paleocene/Eocene boundary in the tethys, Bulletin de la Société Géologique de France, 170(4): 521-4530.
94. MONECHI, S. and ANGORI, E., 1998. Calcareous nannofossils events and turnover around the Paleocene/Eocene transition in some sections of Spain and Italy. Strata, Ser. 1, 9:97-100.
95. MONECHI, S., ANGORI, E. and SPEIJER, R.P., 2000a. Upper Plaeocene biostratigraphy in the Mediterranean region: Zonal markers, diachronism, and preservational problems. Geological Society of Sweden, (GFF) 122:108-110.
96. MONECHI, S., ANGORI, E. and VON SALIS, K., 2000b. Calcareous nannofossil trunover around the Paleocene/Eocene transition at Alamedilla (southern Spain), Bulletin de la Société Géologique de France, 171(4): 477-489.
97. NAKKADY, S.E. 1957. Biostratigraphy and inter-regional correlation of the Upper Senonian and lower Paleocene of Egypt. Journal Paleontology, 31:428-447.
98. NAKKADY, S.E., 1959. Biostratigraphy of Um El Ghanayem section, Egypt. Micropaleontology, 5(4): 453-473.
99. NORTON, P., 1967. Rock stratigraphic nomenclature of the Western Desert. Internal Report, Pan American Oil Company, Cairo.
100. OBAIDALLA, N.A., 1999. Planktonic foraminiferal biostratigraphy of the Paleocene/Eocene boundary transition in southwest Sinai, Egypt. In Ouda, Kh, and Soliman, H., Eds., Late Paleocene-Early Eocene Events from Norths Africa to the Middle East, International Symposium in connection with first International conference on the Geology of Africa, November 23-25, 1999, Assiut, Egypt, 31-37.
101. OMARA, S. and KENAWY, A.I., 1975. Newly recorded larger foraminifera from the early Eocene rocks of Gabal Um El Ghanayem. Kharga Oasis, Egypt. Bayerische Staatssammlung Paläontologic historische Geologie, Mitteilungen 15: 3-18.
102. OMRAN, A.M., 1973. Micropaleontological studies on Gebel Umm El Ghanayem, Kharga Oasis, Egypt. M.Sc. Thesis, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut.
103. ORUE-ETXEBARRIA, X., APELLANIZ, E., BACETA, J.I., COCCIONI, R., DI LEO, R., DINARES-TURELL, J., GALEOTTI, S., MONECHI, S., NUNEZ-BETELU, K., PARES, J.M., PAYROS, A., PUJALTE, V., SAMSO, J.M., SERR-KIEL, J., SCHMITZ, B., and TOSQUELLA, J., 1996. Physical and biostratigraphic analysis of two prospective Paleocene-Eocene boundary stratotypes in the intermediate-deep water Basque Basin, Western Pyrenees: The Trabacua Pass and Ermua sections. Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Abhandlungen, 201: 179-242.
104. ORUE-ETXEBARRIA, X., PUJALTE, V., BERNAOLA, G., APELLANIZ, E., BACETA, J.I., PAYROS, A., NUDZ-BETELU, K., SERRA-KIEL, J., TOSQUELLA, J., 2001. Did Late Paleocene thermal maximum affect the evolution of larger foraminifers? Evidence from calcareous plankton of the Campo Section (Pyrenees, Spain). Marine Micropaleontology, 41: 45-71.
105. OUDA, KH. and BERGREEN, W.A., 2003. Biostratigraphic correlation of the upper Paleocene-lower Eocene succession in the upper Nile Valley: A synthesis, Micropaleontology, volume 49, supplement 1, chapter 11, this volume.
106. OUDA, KH., BERGGREN, W.A. and SAAD, KH., 2003. Upper Paleocene-lower Eocene planktonic foraminiferal biostratigraphy of the Gebel Owaina and Kilabiya sections in the Idfu-Esna area, Upper Nile Valley (Egypt). Micropaleontology, volume 49, supplement 1, chapter 9, this volume.
107. th African Micropaleontologicval, Colloquium, Tunis (1974), 11:337-403.
108. SAAD, KH. A., 2001. Micropaleontological studies on the Paleocene-Eocene transition in South Egypt. Unpublished M.Sc. Thesis, Faculty of Science, University of Assiut, Assiut, Egypt, 122 p., 32 pls.
109. SADEK, A., 1971 "Determination of the Upper Paleocene-Lower Eocene boundary by means of calcareous nannofossils". Revista Española de Micropaleontologia, 3: 277-282.
110. SAID, R., 1960. Planktonic foraminifera from the Thebes Formation, Luxor, Egypt. Micropaleontology, 8 (3): 277-286.
111. SAID, R., 1961. Tectonic framework of Egypt and its influence on the distribution of foraminifera. American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin, 45: 198-218.
112. SAID, R., 1962. The geology of Egypt. Amsterdam: Elsevier, 377 p.
113. SAID, R., 1990. Editor. The geology of Egypt. Rotterdam: Balkema, Brookfield, 734 p.
114. SAID, R., and KERDANY, M.T., 1961. The geology and micropaleontology of the Farafra Oasis, Egypt. Micropaleontology, 7(3): 317-336.
115. SAID, R., and SABRY, H., 1964. Planktonic foraminifera from the type locality of the Esna Shale in Egypt. Micropalontology, 10(3): 375-395.
116. 5 as proxies of biological productivity in the Middle East during the Paleocene and the latest Paleocene benthic extinction event. Terra Nova, 9:95-99.
117. 18O) records, Geology, 24 (4):347-350.
118. SOLIMAN, M.F., 1998. Mineralogical, geochemical and stratigraphical investigations on the Cretaceous/Tertiary (K/T) Boundary sediments of the Nile Valley Red Sea Coast, and Western Desrt, Egypt. Ph.D. Thesis, Ruprecht-Karls Universitat-Heidelberg, Germany, 175 pp., 32 pls.
119. SPEIJER, R.P., 1994. Extinction and recvery patterns in benthic foraminiferal paleocommunities across the Cretaceous/Paleogene and Paleocene/Eocene boundaries. Mededelingen van de Faculteit Aardwetenschappen Universiteit Utrecht, 124: 191.
120. SPEIJER, R.R. and VAN DER ZWAAN, GJ., 1992. The different effect of the P/E boundary event on extinction and survivorship in shallow to deep water Egyptian benthic foraminiferal assemblages. Geologica Ultraiectina. 124: 121-168.
121. SPEIJER, R.P., LUGER, P. and SCHMITZ, B., 1998. Upper Paleocene to lower Eocene litho-bio-eco-and chemostratigraphy in Egypt and Israel. Strata, Ser. 1, 9:118-121.
122. SPEIJER, R.P., SCHMITZ, B. and LUGER, P., 2000. Stratigraphy of late Paleocene events in the Middle East: implications for low-to middle-latitude successions and correlations. Journal of the Geological Society, London, 157: 37-47.
123. SPEIJER, R.P., SCHMITZ, B. and VAN DER ZWAAN, G.J., 1997. Benthic foraminiferal extinction and repopulation in response to latest Paleocene Tethyan anoxia. Geology 25(8): 683-686.
124. SPEIJER, R.P., VAN DER ZWAAN, G.J. and SCHMITZ, B., 1996. The impact of Paleocene/Eocene boundary events on middle neritic benthic foraminiferal assemblages from Egypt. Marine Micropaleontology 28:99-132.
125. SPEIJER, R.P., SCHMITZ, B., AUBRY, M.P. and CHARISI, S.D., 1995. The latest Paleocene benthic extinction event: Punctuated turnover in outer neritic foraminiferal faunas from Gebel Aweina, Egypt. In: Aubry, M.P. and Benjamini C., Eds., Paleocene/Eocene Boundary Events in Space and Time. Israel Journal of Earth Sciences 44:207-222 (Published 1996).
126. STOTT, L.D. and KENNETT, J.P., 1990. Antarctic Paleogene planktonic foraminifer biostratigraphy: ODP Leg 113 Sites 689 and 690. Proceedings ODP, Part B, Science Reports, 113: 549-570.
127. STROUGO, A., 1986. The "Velascoensis Event": A significant episode of tetectonic activity in the Egyptian Paleogene. Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie Abb, 173(2):253-269.
128. STROUGO, A. and FARIS, M., 1993. Paleocene-Eocene stratigraphy of Wadi Dakhl, Southern Galala Plateau, Middle East Research Center. Ain Shams University., Earth Science, 7:49-62.
129. STROUGO, A., HAGGAG, M.A. and LUTERBACHER, H.P., 1992. The basal Paleocene "Globigerina" eugubina Zone in the Eastern Desert, St. Paul's Monastery, South Galala, Egypt. Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie Mh., 87-101.
130. TANTAWY, A.A., 1998. Stratigraphical and paleoecological studies on some Paleocene-Eocene successions in Egypt. Unpublished Ph.D. Thesis, Faculty of Science, (Aswan), Assiut University, Egypt, 273 p., 27 pls.
131. TANTAWY, A.A., OUDA, KH., VON SALIS, K. and SAAD EL-DIN, M., 2000. Biostratigraphy of Paleocene sections in Egypt. GFF 122:163-165.
132. VON SALIS, K., OUDA, KH., SAAD EL DIN M., TANTAWY, A.A. and BERNASCONI S., 1998. Calcareous nannofossils, foraminifera and stable isotope studies from the P/E boundary sections in Egypt. Strata, Ser. 1, 9: 113-115.
133. YOUSSEF, M.I., 1954. Stratigraphy of Gebel Oweina section near Esna, Egypt. Bulletin Institut Désert Egypte, Cairo, 4, (2): 83-93.
134. YOUSSEF, M.I., 1957. Upper Cretaceous rocks in Kosseir area. Bulletin Institut Désert Egypte. Cairo, 7: 35-54.
135. YOUSSEF, M.I. and ABDEL AZIZ, WAFAA, 1971. Biostratigraphy of the Upper Cretaceous-Lower Tertiary in Farafra Oasis. Libyan Desert, Egypt. In Symposium on the Geology of Libya, Faculty of Science, University of Libya, 2: 227-249.
136. ZITTEL, K. VON, and others, 1883. Beiträge zur Geologie und Palaeontologie der Libyschen Wüte und der angrenzenden Gebiete von Aegypten, I, II. Palaeontographica, Stuttgart, 30: 147-238p, pls.