Life and death of the resurrection plate: Evidence for its existence and subduction in the northeastern Pacific in Paleocene-Eocene time

Bulletin of the Geological Society of America

Volumn 115, Issue 7, 2003, Pages 867-880

  Haeussler, Peter J ^a   Bradley, Dwight C ^a   Wells, Ray E ^b   Miller, Marti L ^a  

^a U S GEOLOGICAL SURVEY   (United States)

^b U S GEOLOGICAL SURVEY   (United States)

Author keywords

Eocene; Farallon plate; Kula plate; Magmatism; North America; Tectonics

Indexed keywords

RESURRECTION PLATES;

EARTHQUAKES; VOLCANOES;

GEOLOGICAL SURVEYS;

EOCENE; KULA PLATE; MAGMATISM; PALEOCENE; PLATE MOTION; SUBDUCTION; TECTONIC RECONSTRUCTION;

NORTH AMERICA; PACIFIC OCEAN;

EID: 0041621686     PISSN: 00167606     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1130/0016-7606(2003)115<0867:LADOTR>2.0.CO;2     Document Type: Article

References (139)

1. Andronicos, C.L., Rusmore, M.E., Chardon, D.H., Hollister, L.S., Davidson, C., and Woodsworth, G.J., 2000, Eocene crustal extension within the Coast plutonic complex, British Columbia: Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs, v. 32, no. 6, p. 2.
2. Armstrong, R.L., and Ward, P.L., 1991, Evolving geographic patterns of Cenozoic magmatism in the North American Cordillera: The temporal and spatial association of magmatism and metamorphic core complexes: Journal of Geophysical Research, v. 97, p. 6799-6821.
3. Atwater, T., 1970, Implications of plate tectonics for the Cenozoic tectonic evolution of western North America: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 81, p. 3513-3536 .
4. Atwater, T., 1989, Plate tectonic history of the northeast Pacific and western North America, in Winterer, E.L., Hussong, D.M., and Decker, R.W., eds., The eastern Pacific Ocean and Hawaii: Boulder, Colorado, Geological Society of America, Geology of North America, v. N, p. 21-72.
5. Babcock, R.S., Armstrong, R.L., and Misch, P., 1985, lsotopic constraints on the age and origin of the Skagit Metamorphic Suite and related rocks: Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs, v. 17, p. 339.
6. Babcock, R.S., Burmester, R.F., Engebretson, D.C., Warnock, A., and Clark, K.P., 1992, A rifted margin origin for the Crescent basalts and related rocks in northern Coast Range volcanic province, Washington and British Columbia: Journal of Geophysical Research, v. 97, p. 6799-6821.
7. Barker, F., Farmer, G.L., Ayuso, R.A., Plafker, G., and Lull, J.S., 1992, The 50 Ma granodiorite of the eastern Gulf of Alaska: Melting in an accretionary prism in the forearc: Journal of Geophysical Research, v. 97, p. 6757-6778.
8. Beck, M.E., Jr., 1980, Paleomagnetic record of plate-margin tectonic processes along the western edge of North America: Journal of Geophysical Research, v. 85, p. 7115-7131.
9. Beck, M.E., Jr., and Engebretson, D.C., 1982. Paleomagnetism of small basalt exposures in the west Puget Sound area, Washington, and speculations on the accretionary origin of the Olympic Mountains: Journal of Geophysical Research, v. 87, p. 3755-3760.
10. Berger, B.R., and Snee, L.W., 1992. Thermochronologic constraints on mylonite and detachment fault development, Kettle Highlands, northeastern Washington and southern British Columbia: Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs, v. 24, no. 7, p. 65.
11. Berggren, W.A., Kent, D.V., Swisher, C.C., III, and Aubry, M.P., 1995. A revised Cenozoic geochronology and chronostratigraphy, in Berggren, W.A., Kent, D.V., Aubry, M.P., and Hardlenbol. J., eds., Geochronology, time scales and global stratigraphic correlation: SEPM (Society for Sedimentary Geology) Special Publication 54, p. 129-212.
12. Bergman, S.C., Hudson, T.L., and Doherty, D.J., 1987, Magmatic rock evidence for a Paleocene change in the tectonic setting of Alaska: Geological Society of America Abstract with Programs, v. 19, p. 586-587.
13. Bol, A.J., Coe, R.S., Gromme, C.S., and Hillhouse, J.W., 1992, Paleomagnetism of the Resurrection Peninsula, Alaska: Implications for the tectonics of southern Alaska and the Kula-Farallon Ridge: Journal of Geophysical Research, v. 97, p. 17,213-17,232.
14. Bradley, D.C., Haeussler, P., and Kusky, T.M., 1993, Timing of early Tertiary ridge subduction in southern Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 2068, p. 163-177.
15. Bradley, D.C., Parrish, R., Clendenen, W., Lux, D., Layer, P., Heizler, M., and Donley, D.T., 2000, New geochronological evidence for the timing of early Tertiary ridge subduction in southern Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1615, p. 5-21.
16. Breitsprecher, K., 2002, Volcanic stratigraphy, petrology and tectonic setting: Eastern margin of the Eocene Kamloops Group, south-central British Columbia [M.S. thesis): Burnaby, British Columbia, Simon Fraser University, 221 p., 1 plate, scale 1:50,000.
17. Brouwers, E., Bukry, D., Marincovich, L., Jr., and In-Chang, R., 1995, Paleoecology, biostratigraphy, and depositional history of Paleocene to middle Eocene rocks of the Tyee basin, western Oregon: American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin, v. 79, no. 4. p. 580.
18. Bukry, D., and Snavely, P.D., Jr., 1988, Coccolith zonation for Paleogene strata in the Oregon Coast Range, in Filewicz, M.V., and Squires, R.L., eds., Paleogene stratigraphy, west coast of North America: Pacific Section, Society of Economic Paleontologists and Mineralogists, West Coast Paleogene Symposium, v. 58, p. 251-263.
19. Butler, R.F., Gehrels, G.E., and Kodama, K.P., 2001, A moderate translation alternative to the Baja British Columbia hypothesis: GSA Today, v. 11, no. 6, p. 4-9.
20. Byrne, T., 1979, Late Paleocene demise of the Kula-Pacific spreading center: Geology, v. 7, p. 341-344.
21. Cady, W.M., 1975, Tectonic setting of the Tertiary volcanic rocks of the Olympic Peninsula, Washington: U.S. Geological Survey Journal of Research, v. 3, p. 573-582.
22. Cande, S.C., and Kent, D.V., 1995, Revised calibration of the geomagnetic polarity timescale for the Late Cretaceous and Cenozoic: Journal of Geophysical Research, v. 100, p. 6093-6095.
23. Chardon, D.H., and Andronicos, C.L., 1997, The Central gneiss complex: An asymmetrical extensional gneiss dome bounded by the Coast shear zone: Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs, v. 29, no 6, p. 84.
24. Christiansen, R.L., Yeats, R.S., Graham, S.A., Niem, W.A., Niem, A.R., Snavely, P.D., Jr., 1992, Post-Laramide geology of the U.S. Cordilleran region, in Burchfiel, B.C.. Lipman, P.W., and Zoback, M.L., eds., The Cordilleran Orogen: Conterminous U.S., Decade of North American Geology Project Series: Boulder, Colorado, Geological Society of America. p. 261-406.
25. Clark, K.P., 1989, The stratigraphy and geochemistry of the Crescent Formation basalts and the bedrock geology of associated igneous rocks near Bremerton, Washington [M.S. thesis]: Bellingham, Western Washington University, 171 p.
26. Cloos, M., 1993, Lithospheric buoyancy and collisional orogenesis: Subduction of oceanic plateaus, continental, margins, island arcs, spreading ridges, and seamounts: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 105, p. 715-737.
27. Coe, R.S., Globerman, B.R., Plumley, P.W., and Thrupp, G., 1985, Paleomagnetic results from Alaska and their tectonic implications, in Howell, D.G., ed., Tectonostratigraphic terranes of the circum-Pacific region: Houston, Texas, Circum-Parific Council for Energy and Mineral Resources, Earth Science Series, v. 1, p. 85-108.
28. Coe, R.S., Globerman, B.R., and Thrupp, G.A., 1989, Rotation of central and southern Alaska in the early Tertiary: Oroclinal bending by megakinking?, in Kissel, C., and Laj, C., eds., Paleomagnetic rotations and continental deformation: New York, Kluwer, p. 327-342.
29. Constenius, K.N., 1996, Late Paleogene extensional collapse of the Cordilleran foreland fold and thrust belt: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 108, p. 20-39.
30. Cowan, D.S , Brandon, M.T., and Garver. J.I., 1997, Geologic tests of hypotheses for large coastwise displacements A critique illustrated by the Baja British Columbia controversy: American Journal of Science, v. 297, p. 117-173.
31. Crawford, M.L., and Crawford, W.A., 1991, Magma emplacement in it convergent tectonic orogen, southern Revillagigedo Island, southeastern Alaska: Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, v. 28, p. 929-938.
32. Crawford, M.L., Hollister, L.S., and Woodsworth, G.J. 1987, Crustal deformation and regional metamorphism across a terrane boundary, Coast Plutonic Complex, British Columbia: Technics, v. 6, p. 343-361.
33. Crawford, M.L., Crawford, W.A., and Gehrels, G.E., 2000, Terrane assembly and structural relationships in the eastern Prince Rupert quadrangle, British Columbia, in Stowell, H.H.. and McClelland, W.C., ed., Tectonics of the Coast Mountains, southern Alaska and British Columbia: Boulder, Geological Society of America Special Paper 343, p. 1-21.
34. Davidson, C., 2001, Timing and style of deformation across the Coast steep zone, Prince Rupert, British Columbia: Eos (Transactions, America Geophysical Union), v. 82, Abstract S22D-06, p. F857.
35. Davis, A.S., and Plafker, G., 1986, Eocene basalts from the Yakutat terrane: Evidence for the origin of an accreting terrane in southern Alaska: Geology, v. 14, p. 963-966.
36. Dickinson, W.R., 1997, Tectonic implications of Cenozoic volcanism in coastal California: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 109, p. 936-954.
37. Dickinson, W.R., ad Snyder, W.S., 1979, Geometry of subducted slabs related to San Andreas transform: Journal of Geology, v. 87, p. 609-627.
38. Donnelly-Nolan, J.M., Burns, M.G,, Goff, F.E., Peters, D.K., and Thompson, J.M., 1993, The Geysers-Clear Lake area, CA: Thermal waters, mineralization, volcanism, and geothermal potential: Economic Geology. v. 88, p. 301 316.
39. Doughty, T.P., and Price, R.A., 1995, Tectonic evolution of the Priest River complex, northern Idaho and Washington: A reappraisal of the Newport fault with new insights on metamorphic core complex formation: Tectonics, v. 18, p. 375-393.
40. Drummond, M.S., and Defant, M.J., 1990, A model for trondhjemite-tonalite-dacite genesis and crustal growth via slab melting; Archean to modern comparisons: Journal of Geophysical Research, v. 95, p. 21,503-21,521.
41. Dudás, F.Ö., 1991, Geochemistry of igneous rocks from the Crazy Mountains, Montana, and tectonic models for the Montana alkali province: Journal of Geophysical Research, v. 96, p. 13,261-13,277.
42. Duncan, R.A., 1982, A captured island chain in the Coast Range of Oregon and Washington: Journal of Geophysical Research, v. 87, p. 10,827-10,837.
43. Engebretson, D.C., Cox, A.V., and Gordon, R.G., 1985, Relative motions between oceanic and continental plates in the Pacific Basin: Geological Society of America Special Paper 206, 59 p.
44. Ewing, T.E., 1980, Paleogene tectonic evolution of the Pacific Northwest: Journal of Geology, v. 88, p. 619-639.
45. Fairchild, L.H., and Cowan, D.S., 1982, Structure, petrology and tectonic history of the Leech River Complex northwest of Victoria, Vancouver Island: Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, v. 19, p. 1817-1835.
46. Forsythe, R., and Nelson, E., 1985, Geological manifestations of ridge collision: Evidence from the Golfo de Penas Taitao basin, southern Chile: Tectonics, v. 4, p. 477-495.
47. Forsythe, R., Nelson, E.P., Carr, M.J., Kaeding, M.E., Herve, M., Mpodozis, C., Soffia, J.M., and Harambour, S., 1986, Pliocene near-trench magmatism in southern Chile: A possible manifestation of ridge collison: Geology, v. 14, p. 23-27.
48. Foster, R.J., 1958, The Teanaway dike swarm of central Washington: American Journal of Science, v. 256, p. 644-653.
49. Friedman, R.M., and Armstrong, R.L., 1988, Tatla Lake metamorphic complex: An Eocene metamorphic core complex on the southwestern edge of the Intermontane bell of British Columbia: Tectonics, v. 7, p. 1141 1166.
50. Goldfarb, R.J., Snee, L.W., Miller, L.D., and Newberry, R.J., 1991, Rapid dewatering of the crust deduced from ages or mesothermal gold deposits: Nature, v. 354, p. 296-298.
51. Grainger, N.C., Villeneuver, M.E., Heaman, L.M., and Anderson, R.G., 2001, New U-Pb and Ar/Ar isotopic age constraints on the timing of Eocene magmatism, Fort Fraser and Nechako River map areas, central British Columbia: Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, v. 38, p. 679-696.
52. Green, D., Greig, J.C., and Friedman, R.M., 1995, Geological setting, geochronology, and thermal modeling of the Portland Canal dyke swarm, Stewart area, northwestern British Columbia: Geological Survey of Canada, Current Research 1995-E, p. 47-57.
53. Groome, W.G., Thorkelson, D.J., Friedman. R.M.. Massey, N.W.D., and Marshall, D.D., 2000, Eocene magmatism in the Leech River Complex: Evidence for spreeding ridge subduction and slab window formation: Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs, v. 32, no. 1, p. A-15.
54. Grow, J.A., and Atwater, T., 1970, Mid-Tertiary tectonic transition in the Aleutian arc: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 81, p. 3715-3722.
55. Haeussler, P.J., and Clark, K.M., 2000, Geologic map of the Wildcat Lake 7.5′ quadrangle, Kitsap County, Washington: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 00356, scale 1:24,000, 1 sheet: http://geopubs.wr.usgs.gov/open-file/of00-356/.
56. Haeussler, P.J., Bradley, D., Goldfarb, R., and Snee, L., 1995, Link between ridge subduction and gold mineralization in southern Alaska: Geology, v. 23, p. 995-998.
57. Haeussler, P.J., Wells, R.E., Blakely, R.J., Murphy, J., and Wooden, J.L., 2000, Structure and timing of movement on the Seattle fault at Green and Gold Mountains, Kitsap Peninsula, Washington: Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs, v. 32, no. 6, p. A-16.
58. Hagstrum, J.T., and Sedlock, R.L., 1991, Remagnetization and northward translation of Mesozoic red chert from Cedros Island and the San Benito Island, Baja California, Mexico, Reply: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 103, p. 968-969.
59. Haugerud, R.A., Tabor, R.W., Stacey, J., and Van der Hayden, P., 1988, What is in the core of the North Cascades, Washington? A new look at the structure and metamorphic history of the Skagit Gneiss of Misch (1966): Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs, v. 20, p. 168.
60. Heah, T.S.T., 1991, Mesozoic ductile shear and Paleogene extension along the eastern margin of the Central Gneiss Complex, coast belt, Shames River area, near Terrace, British Columbia [M.S. thesis] Vancouver, University of British Columbia, 52 p.
61. Helwig, J., and Emmet, P., 1981, Structure of the early Tertiary Orca Group in Prince William Sound and some implications for the plate tectonic history of southern Alaska: Journal of the Alaska Geological Society, v. 1, p. 12-35.
62. Hill, M.D., Morris, J., and Whelan, J., 1981, Hybrid granodiorites intruding the accretionary prism, Kodiak, Shumagin, and Sanak Islands, southwest Alaska: Journal of Geophysical Research, v. 86, p. 10,569-10,590.
63. Hole, M.J., 1988, Post-subduction alkaline volcanisms along the Antarctic Peninsula: Geological Society [London] Journal, v. 145, p. 985-998.
64. Hollister, L.S., 1982, Metamorphic evidence for rapid (2 mm/yr) uplift of a part of the Central Gneiss Complex, Coast Mountains, B.C.: Canadian Mineralogist, v. 20, p. 319-332.
65. Hudson, T.L., 1994, Crustal melting events in Alaska, in Plafker, G., and Berg, H.C., eds., The geology of Alaska: Boulder, Colorado, Geological Society of America, Geology of North America, v. G- 1, p. 657-670.
66. Hudson, T., Plafker, G., and Lanphere, M.A., 1977, Intrusive rocks of the Yakutat-St. Elias area, south-central Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Journal of Research, v. 5, p. 155-172.
67. Hudson, T., Plafker G., and Peterman, Z.E., 1979, Paleogene anatexis along the Gulf of Alaska margin: Geology, v. 7, p. 573-577.
68. Hurlow, H.A., and Nelson, B.K., 1992, U-Pb zircon and monazite ages for the Okanogan Range batholith, Washington: Implications for the magmatic and tectonic evolution of the southern Canadian and northern United States Cordillera: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 105, p. 231-240.
69. Irving, E., and Wynne, P.J., 1991, Paleomagnetic evidence for motions of parts of the Canadian Cordillera: Tectonophysics, v. 187, p. 259-275.
70. Ispolatov, V.O., Dudas, F.O., Snee, L.W., and Harlan, S.S., 1996, Precise dating of the Low1and Creek Volcanics, west-central Montana: Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs, v. 28, no. 7, p. 484.
71. Janecke, S.U., Hammond, B.F., Snee, L.W., and Geissman, J.W., 1997, Rapid extension in an Eocene volcanic arc: Structure and paleogeography of an intra-arc half graben in central Idaho: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 109, no. 3, p. 253-267.
72. Johnson, B.R., and Karl, S.M., 1985, Geologic map of western Chichagof and Yakobi Islands, southeastern Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Investigations Map 1-1506, scale 1:125,000, 1 sheet, 15 p.
73. Johnson, C.M., and O'Neil, J.R., 1984, Triple junction magmatism: A geochemical study of Neogene volcanic rocks in western California: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v. 71, p. 241-262.
74. Johnson, R.W., Jaques, A.L., Langmuir, C.H., Perfit, M.R., Staudigel, H., Dunkley, P.N., Chappell, B.W., Taylor, S.R., Baekisapa, M., 1987, Ridge subduction and forearc volcanism; petrology and geochemistry of rocks dredged from the western Solomon Arc and Woodlark Basin, in Taylor, B., and Exon, N.F., eds., Marine geology, geophysics, and geochemistry of the Woodlark Basin-Solomon Islands, Circum-Picific Council for Energy and Mineral Resources Earth Sciences Series: Houston, Circum-Pacific Council for Energy and Mineral Resources, v. 7, p. 155-226.
75. Johnston, S.T., and Thorkelson, D.J., 1997, Cocos-Nazca slab window beneath Central America: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v. 146, p. 465-474.
76. Johnston, S.T., Wynne, P.J., Francis. D., Hart, C.J.R., Enkin, R.J., and Engebretson, D.C., 1996, Yellowstone in Yukon: The Late Cretaceous Carmacks Group: Geology, v. 24, p. 997-1000.
77. Kay, S.M., Ramos, V.A., and Marquez, M., 1993, Evidence in Cerro Pampa volcanic rocks for slab-melting prior to ridge-trench collision in southern South America: Journal of Geology, v. 101, p. 703-714.
78. Kusky, T.M., and Young, C.M., 1999, Emplacement of the Resurrection Peninsula ophiolite in the southern Alaska forearc during a ridge-trench encounter: Journal of Geophysical Research, v. 104, p. 29,025-29,054.
79. Lipman, P.W., Prostka, H.J., Christiansen, R.L., 1972, Cenozoic volcanism and plate-tectonic evolutionof the western United States; 1, Early and middle Cenozoic; Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, Series A: Mathematical and Physical Sciences, v. 271, p. 217-248.
80. Loney, R.A., and Brew, D.A., 1987, Regional thermal metamorphism and deformation of the Sitka Graywacke, southern Baranof Island, southeastern Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 1779, 17 p.
81. Lonsdale, P., 1988, Paleogene history of the Kula plate: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 100, p. 733-754.
82. Lytwyn, J., Lockhart, S., Casey, J., and Kusky, T, 2001, Geochemistry of near-trench intrusives associated with ridge subduction, Seldovia Quadrangle, southern Alaska: Journal of Geophysical Research, v. 105, p. 27,957-27,978.
83. Mahéo, G., Guillot, S., Blichert-Toft, J., Rolland, Y., and Pecher, A., 2002, A slab breakoff model for the Neogene thermal evolution of South Karakorum and South Tibet: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v. 195, p. 45-58.
84. Marshak, R.S., and Karig, D.E., 1977, Triple junctions as a cause for anomalously near-trench igneous activity between the trench and volcanic arc: Geology, v. 5, p. 233-236.
85. Massey, N.W.D., 1986, Metchosin Igneous Complex, southern Vancouver Island: Ophiolite stratigraphy developed in an emergent island setting: Geology, v. 14, p. 602-605.
86. McClelland, W.C., and Mattinson, J.M., 2000, Cretaceous-Tertiary evolution of the western Coast Mountains, central southeastern Alaska, in Stowell, H.H., and McClelland, W.C., eds., Tectonics of the Coast Mountains, southern Alaska and British Columbia: Geological Society of America Special Paper 343, p. 159-182.
87. McClelland, W.C., Gehrels, G.E., Samson, S.D., and Patchett, P.J., 1992, Structural and geochronologic relations along the western flank of the Coast Mountains batholith: Stikine River to Cape Fanshaw, central southeastern Alaska: Journal of Structural Geology, v. 14, p. 475-489.
88. Menard, H.W., 1978, Fragmentation of the Farallon plate by pivoting subduction: Journal of Geology, v. 86, p. 99-110.
89. Miller, L.D., Goldfarb, R.J., Gehrels, G.E., and Snee, L.W., 1994, Genetic links between fluid cycling, vein formation, regional deformation, and plutonism in the Juneau gold belt, southeastern Alaska: Geology, v. 22, p. 203-206.
90. Miller, M.L., Bradley, D.C., Bundtzen, T.K., and McClelland, W., 2002, Late Cretaceous through Cenozoic strike-slip tectonics of southwestern Alaska: Journal of Geology, v. 110, p. 247-270.
91. Moll-Stalcup, E.J. Brew, D.A., and Vallier, T.L., 1994, Latest Cretaceous and Cenozoic magmatic rocks of Alaska, in Plafker, G., and Berg, H.C., eds., The geology of Alaska: Boulder, Colorado, Geological Society of America, Geology of North America, v. G-1, 1 sheet, scale 1:2,500,000.
92. Moore, J.C., Byrne, T, Plumley, P.W., Reid, M., Gibbons, H., and Cue, B.S., 1993, Paleogene evolution of the Kodiak Islands, Alaska: Consequences of ridge-trench interaction in a more southerly latitude: Tectonics, v. 2, p. 265-293.
93. Morozov, I.B., Smithson, S.B., Hollister, L.S., and Diebold, J.B., 1998, Wide-angle seismic imaging access accreted terranes, southeastern Alaska and western British Columbia Tectonophysics, v. 299, p. 281-296.
94. Morris, G.A., and Creaser, R.A., 1998, The petrogenesis of the Mount Skukum/Bennett Lake Igneous Complex, Yukon Territory, and reflections on the Eucene tectonics of the Canadian Cordillera, in Cook, E, and Erdmer, P., compilers, Slave-Northern Cordillera Lithospheric Evolution (SNORCLE) Transect and Cordilleran Tectonics Workshop Meeting (March 6-8), Simon Fraser University: Lithoprobe Report 64, p. 165-170.
95. Morris, G.A., Larson, P.B., and Hooper, P.R., 2000, "Subduction style" magmatism in a non-subduction setting: The Colville Igneous Complex, NE Washington State, USA: Journal of Petrology. v. 41, p. 43-67.
96. Nelson, S.W., Miller, M.L., and Dumoulin, J.A., 1989, Resurrection Peninsula ophiolite, in Nelson, S.W., and Hamilton, T.W., eds., Guide to the geology of Ressurection Bay, eastern Kenai Fiords area, Alaska: Anchorage, Geological Society of Alaska, p. 10-20.
97. Norman, M.D., and Leeman, W.F., 1989, Geochemical evolution of Cenozoic-Cretaceous magmatism and its relation to tectonic setting, southwestern Idaho, U.S.A.: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v. 94, p. 78-96.
98. Norman, M.D., and Mertzman, S.A., 1991, Petrogenesis of Challis Volcanics from central and southwestern Idaho: Trace element and Pb isotopic evidence: Journal of Geophysical Research, v. 96B, p. 13,279-13,293.
99. Norton, I.O., 1995, Plate motions in the North Pacific: The 43 Ma nonevent: Tectonics, v. 14, p. 1080-1094.
100. Parrish, R.R., 1979, Geochronology and tectonics of the northern Wolverine Complex, British Columbia: Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, v. 16, p. 1428-1438.
101. Parrish, R.R., Carr, S.D., and Parkinson, D.L., 1988, Eocene extensional tectonics and geochronology of the southern Omineca belt, British Columbia and Washington: Tectonics, v. 7, p. 181-212.
102. Parson, T., Wells, R.E., Fisher, M.A., Flueh, E., and ten Brink, U.S., 1999, Three-dimensional velocity structure of Siletzia and other accreted terranes in the Cascadia forearc of Washington: Journal of Geophysical Research, v. 104, p. 18,015-18,039.
103. Pavlis, T.L., and Sisson, V.B., 1995, Structural history of the Chugach metamorphic complex in the Tana River region, eastern Alaska: A record of Eocene ridge subduction: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 107, p. 1333-1355.
104. Plafker, G., 1987, Regional geology and petroleum potential of the northern Gulf of Alaska continental margin, in Scholl, D.W., Grantz, A., and Vedder, J.G., eds., Geology and resource potential of the continental margin of western North America and adjacent ocean basins-Beaufort Sea to Baja California: Houston, Texas, Circum-Pacific Council for Energy and Mineral Resources, Earth Science Series, v. 6, p. 229-268.
105. Plafker, G., Moore, J.C., and Winkler, G.R., 1994, Geology of the southern Alaska margin, in Plafker, G., and Berg, H.C., eds., Tbe geology of Alaska: Boulder, Colorado, Geological Society of America, Geology of North America, v. G-1, p. 389-449.
106. Plumley, P.W., Coe, R.S., and Byrne, T., 1983, Paleomagnetism of the Paleocene Ghost Rocks Formation, Prince William terrane, Alaska: Tectonics, v. 2, p. 295-314.
107. Price, B.A., and Charmichael, D.M., 1986, Geometric test for Late Cretaceous-Paleocene intracontinental transform faulting in the Canadian Cordillera: Geology, v. 14, p. 468-471.
108. Pyle, D.G., Hanan, B.B., Graham, D.W., and Duncan, R.A., 1997. Siletzia: Geochemistry and geochronology of Yellowstone hot spot volcanism in a suboceanic setting: Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs, v. 29, no. 6, p. 298.
109. 39Ar dates from the Border Ranges fault system, a hydrothermally altered brittle-ductile transition strike-slip . shear zone, southern Alaska: Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs, v. 25, no, 5, p. A419.
110. Rogers, G., and Saunders, A.D., 1989, Magnesian andesites from Mexico, Chile and the Aleutian Islands: Implications for magmatism associated with ridge-trench collisions, in Crawford, A.J., ed., Boninites and related rocks: London, Unwin Hyman, p. 416-445.
111. Rosa, J.W.C., and Molnar, P., 1988, Uncertainties in reconstructions of the Pacific, Firallon, Vancouver, and Kula plates and constraints on the rigidity of the Pacific and Farallon (and Vancouver) plates between 72 and 34 Ma: Journal of Geophysical Research, v. 89, p. 6980-6994.
112. Simpson, R.W., and Cox, A., 1977, Paleomagnetic evidence for tectonic rotation of the Oregon Coast Range: Geology, v. 5, p. 585-589.
113. Sisson, V.B., and Pavlis, T.L., 1993, Geologic consequences of plate reorganization: An example from the Eocene southern Alaska forearc: Geology, v. 21, p. 913-916.
114. Sisson, V.B., Hollister, L.S., and Onstott, T.C., 1989, Petrologic and age constraints on the origin of a low-pressure/high temperature metamorphic complex, southern Alaska: Journal of Geophysical Research, v. 94, p. 4392-4410.
115. Smart, K.J., Pavlis, T.L., Sisson, V.B., Roeske, S.M., and Snee, L.W., 1996, The Border Ranges fault system in Glacier Bay National Park, Alaska: Evidence for major early Cenozoic dextral strike-slip motion: Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, v. 33, p. 1268-1282.
116. Snavely, P.D., Jr., MacLeod, N.S., and Wagner, H.C., 1968, Tholeiitic and alkalic basalts of the Eocene Siletz River Volcanics, Oregon Coast Range: American Journal of Science, v. 266, p. 454-481.
117. Spencer, P.K., 1984, Lower Tertiary biostratigraphy and paleoecology of the Quilcene-Discovery Bay area, northeast Olympic Peninsula, Washington [Ph.D. thesis]: Seattle. University of Washington, 173 p.
118. Stanley, W.D., Benz, H.M., Walters, M.A., Villasenor, A., and Rodriguez, B.D., 1998, Tectonic controls on magmatism in The Geysers-Clear Lake region: Evidence from new geophysical models: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 110, p. 1193-1207.
119. Stock, J., and Molnar, P., 1988, Uncertainties and implications of the Late Cretaceous and Tertiary positions of North America relative to the Farallion, Kula, and Pacific plates: Tectonics, v. 7, p. 1339-1384.
120. Tabor, R.W., and Cady, W.M., 1978, Geologic map of the Olympic Peninsula: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Investigations Map 1-994, scale 1:125,000.
121. Tabor, R.W., Frizzell, V.A., Jr., Vance, J.A., and Naeser, C.W., 1984, Ages and stratigraphy of lower and middle Tertiary sedimentary and volcanic rocks of the central Cascades, Washington: Application to the tectonic history of the Straight Creek fault: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 95, p. 26-44.
122. Tarduno, J.A., and Cottrell, R.D., 1997, Paleomagnetic evidence for motion of the Hawaiian hotspot during formation of the Emperor seamounts: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v. 153, p. 171-180.
123. Tarduno, J.A., Duncan, R.A., Cottrell, R.D., and Scholl, D.W., 2001, Motion of Hawaiian hotspot during formation of the Emperor Seamounts: Initial results of ODP Leg 19: Eos (Transactions, American Geophysical Union), v. 87, no. 47, p. F1116.
124. Taylor, B., and Exon, N.F., 1987, An investigation of ridge subduction in the Woodlark-Solomons region: Introduction and overview, in Taylor, B., and Exon, N.F., eds., Marine geology, geophysics, and geochemistry of the Woodlark Basin-Solomon Islands: Houston, Texas, Circum-Pacific Council for Energy and Mineral Resources Earth Science Series, v. 7, p. 1-24.
125. Thorkelson, D.J., 1989, Eoccne sedimentation and volcanism in the Fig Lake graben, southwestern British Columbia: Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, v. 26, p. 1368-1373.
126. Thorkelson, D.J., 1996, Subduction of diverging plates and the principles of slab window formation: Tectonophysics, v. 255, p. 47-63.
127. Thorkelson, D.J., and Taylor, R.P., 1989, Cordilleran slab windows: Geology, v. 17, p. 833-836.
128. Trehu, A.M., Asudeh, I., Brocher, T.M., Luetgert, J.H., Mooney, W.D., Nabelek, J.L., and Nakamura, Y., 1994, Crustal architecture of the Cascadia forearc: Science, v. 265, p. 237-243.
129. Umhoefer, P., and Schiarizza, P., 1996, Latest Cretaceous to early Tertiary strike-slip faulting on the Yalakom fault system, southeastern Coast Bell, British Columbia: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 108, p. 768-785.
130. Wells, R.E., Engebretson, D.C., Snavely, P.D., and Coe, R.S., 1984, Cenozoic plate motions and the volcano-tectonic evolution of western Oregon and Washington: Tectonics, v. 3, p. 274-294.
131. Wells, R.E., Snavely, P.D., MacLeod, N.S., Kelly, M.M., Parker, M.J., Fenton, J.S., and Felger, T.J., 1995, Geologic map of the Tillamook Highlands, northwest Oregon Coast Range: A digital database: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 95-670, http://wrgis.wr.usgs.gov/open-file/of95-670/.
132. Wells, R.E., Jayko, A.S., Niem, A.R., Black, G., Wiley, T., Baldwin, E., Molenaar, K.M., Wheeler, K.L., DuRoss, C.B., and Givler, R.W., 2000, Geologic map and database of the Roseburg 30°60′ quadrangle, Douglas and Coos Counties, Oregon: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 00-376.
133. Whitney, D.L., Miller, R.B., and Paterson, S.R., 1999, P-T-t evidence for mechanisms of vertical tectonic motion in a contractional oregon: Northwestern US and Canadian Cordillera: Journal of Metamorphic Geology, v. 17, p. 75-90.
134. 39Ar constraints on the emplacement, uplift, and cooling of the Coast Plutonic Complex sill, southeastern Alaska: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 103, p. 849-860.
135. Wooden, J.L., and Box, S.E., 1996, Contrasting inherited zircon populations in an Eocene vs. an Early Cretaceous intrusive associated with the eastern Kettle metamorphic core complex, NE Washington: Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs, v. 28, no. 7, p. 444.
136. Woodsworth, G.J., Anderson, R.G., Armstrong, R.L., Struik, L.C., and Van der Heyden, R., 1992, Plutonic regimes, in Gabrielse, H., and Yorath, C.J., eds., Geology of the Cordilleran orogen in Canada: Boulder, Colorado, Geological Society of America, Geology of North America, v. G-2, p. 493-531.
137. Wortel, M.J.R., and Spakman, W., 2000, Subduction and slab detachment in the Mediterranean-Carpathian region: Sciene, v. 290, p. 1910-1917. Correction: 2001, Science, v. 291, p. 437.
138. Yoshioka, S., and Wortel, M.J.R., 1995, Three-dimensional numerical modeling of detachment of subducted lithosphere: Journal of Geophysical Research, v. 100, p. 20,223-20,244.
139. Zumsteg, C.L., Himmelberg, G.R., Karl, S.M., and Haeussler, P.J., 2000, High-temperature/low-pressure metamorphism within the fore arc on Baranof Island, southeast Alaska: Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs, v. 32, no. 7, p. A-151.