A global approach to childhood lead poisoning prevention

International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health

Volumn 206, Issue 4-5, 2003, Pages 363-369

  Meyer, Pamela A ^a,c   McGeehin, Michael A ^a   Falk, Henry ^b  

^a CENTERS FOR DISEASE CONTROL AND PREVENTION   (United States)

^b AGENCY FOR TOXIC SUBSTANCES AND DISEASE REGISTRY   (United States)

^c NATIONAL CENTER FOR ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH   (United States)

Author keywords

Environmental health; Lead poisoning; Policy

Indexed keywords

GASOLINE; LEAD;

BATTERY INDUSTRY; CERAMICS; CHILD; CHILD DEATH; COGNITIVE DEFECT; COMA; COOPERATION; DEVELOPING COUNTRY; DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDER; DISEASE COURSE; ENVIRONMENTAL DISEASE; ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE; GOVERNMENT; HEALTH CARE SYSTEM; HEALTH HAZARD; HEALTH PROGRAM; HEALTH PROMOTION; HUMAN; LAW ENFORCEMENT; LEAD BLOOD LEVEL; LEAD POISONING; NERVOUS SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT; NEUROLOGIC DISEASE; ORGANIZATION; PIPELINE; POLICY; POLLUTION CONTROL; REVIEW; RISK ASSESSMENT; SEIZURE; TECHNIQUE; UNITED STATES;

EID: 0041424956     PISSN: 14384639     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1078/1438-4639-00232     Document Type: Article

References (41)

1. Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry: Case studies in environmental medicine: lead toxicity. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Atlanta (2000).
2. American Academy of Pediatrics: Screening for elevated blood lead levels. Pediatrics 101, 1072-1078 (1998). May be accessed on CDC website: http://www. aap.org/policy/re9815.html.
3. Azcona-Cruz, M. I., Rothenberg, S. J., Schnaas, L., Zamora-Munoz, J. S. and Romero-Placeres, M.: Lead glazed ceramic ware and blood lead levels of children in the city of Oaxaca, Mexico. Arch Environ Health. 55, 217-222 (2000).
4. Baghurst, P. A., McMichael, A. J., Wigg, N. R., Vimpani, G. V., Robertson, E. F., Roberts, R. R. and Tong, S. L.: Environmental exposure to lead and children's intelligence at the age of seven years: the Port Pirie Cohort Study. N Engl J Med. 327, 1279-1284 (1992).
5. Bellinger, D. C., Stiles, K. M. and Needleman, H. L.: Low-level lead exposure, intelligence and academic achievement: a long-term follow-up study. Pediatrics. 90, 855-861 (1992).
6. Bellinger, D., Hu, H., Titlebaum, L. and Needleman, H. L.: Attentional correlates of dentin and bone lead levels in adolescents. Arch Environ Health. 49, 98-105 (1994).
7. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention: Preventing lead poisoning in young children: a statement by the Centers for Disease Control. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Atlanta (1991a).
8. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention: Strategic plan for the elimination of childhood lead poisoning in young children. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Atlanta (1991b).
9. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention: Update: blood lead levels - United States, 1991-1994. MMWR. 46, 141-146 (1997a).
10. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention: Screening young children for lead poisoning: Guidance for state and local public health officials. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Atlanta (1997b).
11. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry: Global Health Activities Annual Report FY 1998. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (1999).
12. Counter, S. A., Buchanan, L. H., Ortega, F., Amarasiriwardena, C. and Hu, H.: Environmental lead contamination and pediatric lead intoxication in an Andean, Ecuadorian village. Int J. Occup Environ Health. 75, 169-7 (2000).
13. Department of Housing and Urban Development: Moving toward a lead-safe America: A report to the Congress of the United States. February 1997. Accessed on 07/10/2002 at HUD website: http://www.hud.gov/offices/lead/reports/annrept.pdf.
14. des Planches, T.L. Traite des maladies de plomb ou saturnines. Translated and edited by S.L. Dana, 1848. In: Lead diseases. Daniel Bixby & Co., Lowell, Massachusetts (1839).
15. Environmental Protection Agency: The Safe Drinking Water Act, 25 Years of the Safe Drinking Water Act: History and Trends. EPA 816-R-99-007. 1999. EPA website accessed on 07/10/2002 at: http://www.epa. gov/safewater/consumer/trendrpt.pdf.
16. Environmental Protection Agency: Toxic Substances Control Act: Residential Lead Hazard Standards -TSCA Section 403, 2001 EPA website accessed on 07/10/2002 at: http://www.epa.gov/opptintr/lead/leadhaz.htm.
17. George, A.M.: Introductory remarks by conference organizer and host. In: Lead poisoning prevention and treatment: Implementing a national program in developing countries (A. M. George, ed.), p. 9. The George Foundation, Bangalore, India (1999).
18. Hernandez-Avila, M., Romieu, I., Rios, C., Rivero, A. and Palazuelos, E.: Lead-glazed ceramics as major determinants of blood lead levels in Mexican women. Environ Health Perspect. 94, 117-120 (1991).
19. Hernandez-Avila, M., Cortez-Lugo, M., Munoz, I., Tellez, M. M. and Soliz, R.: Lead exposure in developing countries. In: Lead poisoning prevention and treatment: Implementing a national program in developing countries (A. M. George, ed.), pp. 87-94. The George Foundation, Bangalore, India (1999a).
20. Hernandez-Avila, M., Espinoza Lain, R. and Carbajal, L.: Environmental health project Activity Report No. 72. Estudio de Plomo en Sangre en Poblacion seleccionada de Lima y el Callao. U.S. Agency for International Development. Washington, DC (1999b).
21. Kaul, B. and Mukerjee, H.: Elevated blood lead levels and erythrocyte protoporphyrin levels of children near a battery-recycling plant in Haina, Dominican Republic. Int J Occup Environ Health. 5, 307-312 (1999).
22. Kaul, B., Sandhu, R. S., Depratt, C. and Reyes, F.: Follow-up screening of lead poisoned children near an auto battery recycling plant, Haina, Dominican Republic. Environ Health Perspect. 107, 917-920 (1999).
23. Lane, R. E.: The care of the lead worker. Br J Ind Med. 6, 125-143 (1949).
24. Lovei, M.: Eliminating a silent threat: World Bank support for the global phase-out of lead from gasoline. In: Lead poisoning prevention and treatment: Implementing a national program in developing countries (A. M. George, ed.), pp. 169-180. The George Foundation, Bangalore, India (1999).
25. rd Ed. Charles C. Thomas, p. 312. Springfield, Illinois (1945).
26. McMichael, A. J., Baghurst, P. A., Wigg, N. R., Vimpani, G. V., Robertson, E. F. and Roberts, R. J.: Port Pirie Cohort Study: environmental exposure to lead and children's abilities at the age of four years. N Engl J Med. 319, 468-475 (1988).
27. National Research Council: Beginning of public health interest in lead. In: Measuring Lead Exposure in Infants, Children and Other Sensitive Populations. p. 24. National Academy Press, Washington, DC (1993).
28. Needleman, H. L. and Gastonis, C. A.: Low-level lead exposure and the IQ of children: a meta-analysis of modern studies. JAMA. 263, 673-678 (1990).
29. Needleman, H. L., Riess, J. A., Tobin, M. J., Biesecker, G. E. and Greenhouse, J. B.: Bone lead levels and delinquent behavior. JAMA. 275, 363-369 (1996).
30. Needleman, H. L.: History of lead poisoning in the world. In: Lead poisoning prevention and treatment: Implementing a national program in developing countries (A. M. George, ed.), p. 17. The George Foundation, Bangalore, India (1999).
31. Nriagu, J. O.: Lead exposure and lead poisoning. In: Lead and lead poisoning in antiquity, p. 309. John Wiley and Sons, New York (1983).
32. Pertowski, C.: Health services in childhood lead poisoning prevention: the experience of the Cairo lead survey, 1997-1998. In: Lead poisoning prevention and treatment: Implementing a national program in developing countries (A. M. George, ed.), p. 197. The George Foundation, Bangalore, India (1999).
33. Pirkle, J. L., Brody, D. J., Gunter, E. W., Kramer, R. A., Paschal, D. C., Fiegal, K. M. and Matte, T. D.: The decline of blood lead levels in the United States: the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES). JAMA. 272, 284-291 (1994).
34. Reinhard, K., Henderson, A. K., Daley, W. R., Naughton, M., Khan, M. H., Rahman, M., Kieszak, S. and Rubin, C.: Blood lead levels of primary school children in Dhaka, Bangladesh. Environ Health Perspect. 109, 563-566 (2001).
35. Richter, E., El-Sharif, N., Fischbein, A., Konijn, A., Gorodetsky, R., El-Sharif, H., Kaul, B., Hershko, C., Grauer, F., Foner, H., Al-Baba, A., Dweik, Z. and Lihsounat, M.: Re-emergence of lead poisoning from contaminated flour in a West Bank Palestinian village. International Journal of Occupational & Environmental Health. 6, 183-186 (2000).
36. Sciarillo, W. G., Alexander, G. and Farrell, K. P.: Lead exposure and child behavior. Am J Public Health. 82, 1356-1360 (1992).
37. Shea, E. E.: Lead Regulation Handbook. Government Institutes, Inc. Rockville, Maryland (1996).
38. Silbergeld, E. K.: Preventing lead poisoning in children. Annu Rev Public Health. 18, 187-210 (1997).
39. Suplido, M. L. and Ong, C. N.: Lead exposure among small scale battery recyclers, automobile radiator mechanics and their children in Manila, the Philippines. Environ Res (section A). 82, 231-238 (2000).
40. United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) and United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF): Childhood lead poisoning: Information for advocacy and action. 1997. Accessed on 07/03/2002 at: http://www.unicef.org/programme/wes/pubs/lead/lead_en.pdf.
41. von Schirnding Y.: The impact of lead poisoning on the workforce and society. In: Lead poisoning prevention and treatment: Implementing a national program in developing countries (A. M. George, ed.), pp. 41-46. The George Foundation, Bangalore, India (1999).