Radiotherapy for T3 prostate cancer

Current Urology Reports

Volumn 4, Issue 3, 2003, Pages 205-210

  Bayley, Andrew ^a   Gospodarowicz, Mary K ^a  

^a PRINCESS MARGARET HOSPITAL   (Canada)

Author keywords

Gleason Score; Localize Prostate Cancer; Prostate Cancer; Radiat Oncol Biol Phys; Radiation Therapy Oncology Group

Indexed keywords

CANCER STAGING; HUMAN; MALE; MORTALITY; PATHOLOGY; PROSTATE TUMOR; REVIEW; SURVIVAL RATE; TIME;

HUMANS; MALE; NEOPLASM STAGING; PROSTATIC NEOPLASMS; SURVIVAL RATE; TIME FACTORS;

EID: 0041408694     PISSN: 15272737     EISSN: 15346285     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s11934-003-0070-7     Document Type: Article

References (40)

1. Oliver SE, May MT, Gunnell D: International trends in prostate-cancer mortality in the “PSA ERA.” Int J Cancer 2001, 92:893–898. DOI: 10.1002/ijc.1260
2. Mettlin C: The American Cancer Society National Prostate Cancer Detection Project and National patterns of prostate cancer detection and treatment [published erratum appears in CA Cancer J Clin CA 1997, 47:325]. CA Cancer J Clin 1997, 47:265–272.
3. Gerber RL, Smith AR, Owen J, et al.: Patterns of care survey results: treatment planning for carcinoma of the prostate. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 1995, 33:803–808. DOI: 10.1016/0360-3016(95)00278-1
4. Zagars GK, Pollack A, Smith LG: Conventional external-beam radiation therapy alone or with androgen ablation for clinical stage III (T3, NX/N0, M0) adenocarcinoma of the prostate. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 1999, 44:809–819. DOI: 10.1016/S0360-3016(99)00089-9
5. Adolfsson J, Steineck G, Hedlund PO: Deferred treatment of locally advanced nonmetastatic prostate cancer: a long-term follow-up. J Urol 1999, 161:505–508. DOI: 10.1016/S0022-5347(01)61936-0
6. Johansson JE, Holmberg L, Johansson S, et al.: Fifteen-year survival in prostate cancer: a prospective, population-based study in Sweden [published erratum appears in JAMA 1997, 278:206]. JAMA 1997, 277:467–471. DOI: 10.1001/jama.277.6.467
7. The Medical Research Council Prostate Cancer Working Party Investigators Group: Immediate versus deferred treatment for advanced prostatic cancer: initial results of the Medical Research Council Trial. Br J Urol 1997, 79:235–246.
8. Bagshaw MA, Kaplan ID, Cox RC: Prostate cancer: radiation therapy for localized disease. Cancer 1993, 71:939–952. DOI: 10.1002/1097-0142(19930201)71:3+<939::AID-CNCR2820711409>3.0.CO;2-0
9. Duncan W, Warde P, Catton CN, et al.: Carcinoma of the prostate: results of radical radiotherapy (1970-1985). Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 1993, 26:203–210.
10. Amdur RJ, Parsons JT, Fitzgerald LT, Million RR: Adenocarcinoma of the prostate treated with external-beam radiation therapy: 5-year minimum follow-up. Radiother Oncol 1990, 18:235–246. DOI: 10.1016/0167-8140(90)90059-6
11. Bagshaw MA, Cox RS, Ray GR: Status of radiation treatment of prostate cancer at Stanford University. NCI Monogr 1988, 1988:47–60.
12. Lawton CA, Winter K, Murray K, et al.: Updated results of the phase III Radiation Therapy Oncology Group (RTOG) trial 85-31 evaluating the potential benefit of androgen suppression following standard radiation therapy for unfavorable prognosis carcinoma of the prostate. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2001, 49:937–946. Phase III trial of adjuvant goserelin and radiotherapy versus radiotherapy alone demonstrating improved local control and disease-free survival in goserelin arm. Overall survival improved in a subset of Gleason 8 to 10 tumors. DOI: 10.1016/S0360-3016(00)01516-9
13. Pilepich MV, Winter K, John MJ, et al.: Phase III radiation therapy oncology group (RTOG) trial 86-10 of androgen deprivation adjuvant to definitive radiotherapy in locally advanced carcinoma of the prostate. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2001, 50:1243–1252. Phase III study demonstrating neoadjuvant and concurrent hormonal therapy improves local control, freedom from distant metastases, and progression-free survival with overall survival rates improved in a subset of high-risk patients. DOI: 10.1016/S0360-3016(01)01579-6
14. Bolla M, Collette L, Blank L, et al.: Long-term results with immediate androgen suppression and external irradiation in patients with locally advanced prostate cancer (an EORTC study): a phase III randomized trial. Lancet 2002, 360:103–106. A randomized phase III study demonstrating higher improved overall survival rates, local control, freedom from distant metastases, and progression-free survival for radiotherapy and adjuvant hormonal therapy compared to radiation therapy alone. DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(02)09408-4
15. Zelefsky MJ, Lyass O, Fuks Z, et al.: Predictors of improved outcome for patients with localized prostate cancer treated with neoadjuvant androgen ablation therapy and three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy. J Clin Oncol 1998, 16:3380–3385.
16. Pollack A, Zagars GK, Starkschall G, et al.: Prostate cancer radiation dose response: results of the MD Anderson phase III randomized trial. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2002, 53:1097–1105. Trial of 305 patients with stage T1-T3 cancer were randomized to receive 70 Gy or 78 Gy of radiotherapy. Freedom from biochemical and disease failure was significantly improved by dose escalation. DOI: 10.1016/S0360-3016(02)02829-8
17. Roach M, III: Neoadjuvant therapy prior to radiotherapy for clinically localized prostate cancer. Eur Urol 1997, 32:48–54.
18. Pollack A, Joon DL, Wu CS, et al.: Quiescence in R3327-G rat prostate tumors after androgen ablation. Cancer Res 1997, 57:2493–2500.
19. Rasey JS, Koh WJ, Evans ML, et al.: Quantifying regional hypoxia in human tumors with positron emission tomography of [18F] fluoromisonidazole: a pretherapy study of 37 patients. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 1996, 36:417–428. DOI: 10.1016/S0360-3016(96)00325-2
20. D’Amico AV: Radiation and hormonal therapy for locally advanced and clinically localized prostate cancer. Urology 2002, 60:32–38. DOI: 10.1016/S0090-4295(02)01566-2
21. Zagars GK, Johnson DE, von Eschenbach AC, Hussey DH:Adjuvant estrogen following radiation therapy for stage C adenocarcinoma of the prostate: long-term results of a prospective randomized study. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 1988, 14:1085–1091.
22. Granfors T, Modig H, Damber JE, Tomic R.: Combined orchiectomy and external radiotherapy versus radiotherapy alone for nonmetastatic prostate cancer with or without pelvic lymph node involvement: a prospective randomized study. J Urol 1998, 159:2030–2034. DOI: 10.1016/S0022-5347(01)63235-X
23. Zagars GK, Johnson DE, von Eschenbach AC, Hussey DH:Adjuvant estrogen following radiation therapy for stage C adenocarcinoma of the prostate: long-term results of a prospective randomized study. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 1988, 14:1085–1091.
24. Hanks GE, Lu JD, Machtay M, et al.: RTOG Protocol 92-02: a phase III trial of the use of long-term total androgen suppression following neoadjuvant hormonal cytoreduction and radiotherapy in locally advanced carcinoma of the prostate. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2000, 48:112. DOI: 10.1016/S0360-3016(00)80021-8
25. Roach M, Lu JD, Lawton C, et al.: A phase III trial comparing whole-pelvic (WP) to prostate only (PO) radiotherapy and neoadjuvant to adjuvant total androgen suppression (TAS): preliminary analysis of RTOG 9413. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2001, 51:3. DOI: 10.1016/S0360-3016(01)01829-6
26. Fellows GJ, Clark PB, Beynon LL, et al. for the Urological Cancer Working Party Subgroup on Prostatic Cancer: Treatment of advanced localized prostatic cancer by orchiectomy, radiotherapy, or combined treatment: a Medical Research Council Study. Br J Urol 1992, 70:304–309.
27. Dupont A, Cusan L, Gomez JL, et al.: Combination therapy with flutamide and the LHRH agonist [D-Trp6, des-Gly-NH(2)10]LHRH ethylamide in stage C prostatic carcinoma. Br J Urol 1993, 72:629–634. DOI: 10.1111/j.1464-410X.1993.tb16223.x
28. Kupelian PA, Mohan DS, Lyons J, et al.: Higher than standard radiation doses (> or = 72 Gy) with or without androgen deprivation in the treatment of localized prostate cancer. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2000, 46:567–574. DOI: 10.1016/S0360-3016(99)00455-1
29. Kupelian PA, Buchsbaum JC, Reddy CA, Klein EA: Radiation dose response in patients with favorable localized prostate cancer (Stage T1-T2, biopsy Gleason < or = 6, and pretreatment prostate-specific antigen < or = 10). Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2001, 50:621–625. DOI: 10.1016/S0360-3016(01)01466-3
30. Zelefsky MJ, Leibel SA, Gaudin PB, et al.: Dose escalation with three-dimensional conformal radiation therapy affects the outcome in prostate cancer. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 1998, 41:491–500. DOI: 10.1016/S0360-3016(98)00091-1
31. Zelefsky MJ, Fuks Z, Wolfe T, et al.: Locally advanced prostatic cancer: long-term toxicity outcome after three-dimensional conformal radiation therapy: a dose-escalation study. Radiology 1998, 209:169–174.
32. Zelefsky MJ, Cowen D, Fuks Z, et al.: Long-term tolerance of high dose three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy in patients with localized prostate carcinoma. Cancer 1999, 85:2460–2468. DOI: 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0142(19990601)85:11<2460::AID-CNCR23>3.0.CO;2-N
33. Hanks GE, Hanlon AL, Schultheiss TE, et al.: Dose escalation with 3D conformal treatment: 5 year outcomes, treatment optimization, and future directions. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 1998, 41:501–510. DOI: 10.1016/S0360-3016(98)00089-3
34. Shipley WU, Verhey LJ, Munzenrider JE, et al.: Advanced prostate cancer: the results of a randomized comparative trial of high dose irradiation boosting with conformal protons compared with conventional dose irradiation using photons alone [see comments]. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 1995, 32:3–12. DOI: 10.1016/0360-3016(95)00063-5
35. Zelefsky MJ, Fuks Z, Hunt M, et al.: High dose radiation delivered by intensity modulated conformal radiotherapy improves the outcome of localized prostate cancer. J Urol 2001, 166:876–881. Phase II dose escalation trial for T3 disease documenting improved biochemical (with no evidence of disease) with equivalent side effects. DOI: 10.1016/S0022-5347(05)65855-7
36. Paulson DF, Moul JW, Walther PJ: Radical prostatectomy for clinical stage T1-2N0M0 prostatic adenocarcinoma: longterm results. J Urol 1990, 144:1180–1184.
37. Frazier HA, Robertson JE, Humphrey PA, Paulson DF: Is prostate specific antigen of clinical importance in evaluating outcome after radical prostatectomy. J Urol 1993, 149:516–518.
38. Zietman AL, Edelstein RA, Coen JJ, et al.: Radical prostatectomy for adenocarcinoma of the prostate: the influence of preoperative and pathologic findings on biochemical disease-free outcome. Urology 1994, 43:828–833. DOI: 10.1016/0090-4295(94)90144-9
39. Crawford ED, Eisenberger MA, McLeod DG, et al.: A controlled trial of leuprolide with and without flutamide in prostatic carcinoma. N Engl J Med 1989, 321:419–424. DOI: 10.1056/NEJM198908173210702
40. Messing EM, Manola J, Sarosdy M, et al.: Immediate hormonal therapy compared with observation after radical prostatectomy and pelvic lymphadenectomy in men with node-positive prostate cancer. N Engl J Med 1999, 341:1781–1788. DOI: 10.1056/NEJM199912093412401