Police and the production of hate crimes: Continuity and change in one jurisdiction

Police Quarterly

Volumn 2, Issue 4, 1999, Pages 417-437

  Martin, Susan E ^a  

^a Sociology from American University   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 0041398403     PISSN: 10986111     EISSN: 1552745X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1177/109861119900200402     Document Type: Article

References (18)

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2. Berrill, K. (1993). Anti-gay violence: Causes, consequences, and responses In R. J. Kelly (Ed.), Bias crime: American law enforcement and legal responses (pp. 151-164). Chicago: Office of International Criminal Justice.
3. Black, D. (1980). The manners and customs of the police New York: Academic Press.
4. Boyd, E., Berk, R.A., & Hamner, K.M. (1996). Motivated by hatred or prejudice: Categorization of hate-motivated crimes in two police divisions Law & Society Review, 30, 819-850.
5. Bureau of Justice Assistance. (1997). A policymaker's guide to hate crimes (NCJ Publication No. 162304 Washington, DC: Author.
6. Ehrlich, H.J., Larcom, B., & Weiss, J.C. (1990). The National Group Violence Project Baltimore: National Institute Against Prejudice and Violence.
7. Federal Bureau of Investigation. (1997). Hate crime statistics, 1996 Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Justice.
8. Green, D.P., Strolovitch, D.Z., & Wong, J.S. (1998). Defending neighborhoods, integration and hate crime American Journal of Sociology, 104, 372-403.
9. Jacobs, B.B., & Potter, K.A. (1997). Hate crimes: A critical perspective In M. Tonry (Ed.), Crime and justice: A review of research (Vol. 22, pp. 1-50). Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
10. Kelly, R.J., Maghan, J., & Tennant, W. (1993). Hate crimes: Victimizing the stigmatized In R. J. Kelly (Ed.), Bias crime: American law enforcement and legal responses (pp. 23-47). Chicago: Office of International Criminal Justice.
11. Levin, J., & McDevitt, J. (1993). Hate crime: The rising tide of bigotry and bloodshed New York: Plenum.
12. Martin, S.E. (1995). A cross-burning is not just an arson: The social construction of hate crimes in Baltimore County Criminology, 33, 303-327.
13. Martin, S.E. (1996). Investigating hate crimes: Case characteristics and law enforcement responses Justice Quarterly, 13, 455-480.
14. Maryland State Police. (1997). 1996 hate/bias report Columbia: Author.
15. Nolan, J.J., & Akiyama, Y. (1999). Analysis of factors that affect law enforcement participation in hate crime reporting Journal of Contemporary Criminal Justice, 15, 111-127.
16. R.A.V. v. City of St. Paul, 505 U.S. 377 (1992).
17. U.S Bureau of the Census. (1998). Populations estimates branch. [Online]. (Prepared by the Maryland Office of Planning, Planning Data Services). Available: http://www.op.state.md.us/msdc/countylabacoproj.htm.
18. Weiss, J. (1993). Ethnoviolence: Impact upon and response of victims and the community In R. J. Kelly (Ed.), Bias crime: American law enforcement and legal responses (pp. 174-185). Chicago: Office of International Criminal Justice.