Graft selection in surgical reconstruction of the multiple-ligament-injured knee

Operative Techniques in Sports Medicine

Volumn 11, Issue 3, 2003, Pages 218-225

  Weiss, Nicholas G ^a   Kaplan, Lee D ^a   Graf, Ben K ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN MADISON   (United States)

Author keywords

Allograft; Anterior cruciate ligament; Autograft; Posterior cruciate ligament

Indexed keywords

ACHILLES TENDON; ANTERIOR CRUCIATE LIGAMENT; BACTERIAL INFECTION; BONE ALLOGRAFT; BONE GRAFT; BONE STRENGTH; CONTROLLED STUDY; DISEASE ASSOCIATION; DISEASE TRANSMISSION; DONOR SITE; FRACTURE FIXATION; HAMSTRING; HUMAN; HUMAN TISSUE; INCISION; INFORMED CONSENT; INTERMETHOD COMPARISON; KNEE ARTHROPLASTY; KNEE LIGAMENT; KNEE LIGAMENT INJURY; KNEE PAIN; LIGAMENT SURGERY; MEDICAL DECISION MAKING; MORBIDITY; OPERATION DURATION; PATELLA TENDON; PATIENT ATTITUDE; PATIENT CARE; POSTOPERATIVE COMPLICATION; QUADRICEPS FEMORIS MUSCLE; REVIEW; RISK ASSESSMENT; SURGEON; SURGICAL TECHNIQUE; TENDON GRAFT; TIBIALIS ANTERIOR MUSCLE; VIRUS INFECTION;

EID: 0041387446     PISSN: 10601872     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1053/otsm.2003.35921     Document Type: Article

References (94)

1. Shelbourne KD, Urch SE: Primary anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction using the contralateral autogenous patellar tendon. Am J Sports Med 28:651-658, 2000
2. Ballock RT, Woo SL, Lyon RM, et al: Use of patellar tendon autograft for anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction in the rabbit: A long-term histologic and biomechanical study. J Orthop Res 7:474-485, 1989
3. Clancy WG Jr, Narechania RG, Rosenberg TD, et al: Anterior and posterior cruciate ligament reconstruction in rhesus monkeys. J Bone Joint Surg Am 63:1270-1284, 1981
4. Arnoczky SP, Tarvin GB, Marshall JL: Anterior cruciate ligament replacement using patellar tendon. An evaluation of graft revascularization in the dog. J Bone Joint Surg Am 64:217-224, 1982
5. Arnoczky SP, Rubin RM, Marshall JL: Microvasculature of the cruciate ligaments and its response to injury. An experimental study in dogs. J Bone Joint Surg Am 61:1221-1229, 1979
6. Amiel D, Kleiner JB, Akeson WH: The natural history of the anterior cruciate ligament autograft of patellar tendon origin. Am J Sports Med 14:449-462, 1986
7. Kleiner JB, Amiel D, Roux RD, et al: Origin of replacement cells for the anterior cruciate ligament autograft. J Orthop Res 4:466-474, 1986
8. Abe S, Kurosaka M, Iguchi T, et al: Light and electron microscopic study of remodeling and maturation process in autogenous graft for anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Arthroscopy 9:394-405, 1993
9. Grana WA, Egle DM, Mahnken R, et al: An analysis of autograft fixation after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction in a rabbit model. Am J Sports Med 22:344-351, 1994
10. Shino K, Inoue M, Horibe S, et al: Reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament using allogeneic tendon. Long-term followup. Am J Sports Med 18:457-465, 1990
11. Indelicato PA, Linton RC, Huegel M: The results of fresh-frozen patellar tendon allografts for chronic anterior cruciate ligament deficiency of the knee. Am J Sports Med 20:118-121, 1992
12. Shelton WR, Papendick L, Dukes AD: Autograft versus allograft anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Arthroscopy 13:446-449, 1997
13. Harner CD, Olson E, Irrgang JJ, et al: Allograft versus autograft anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: 3- to 5-year outcome. Clin Orthop 324:134-144, 1996
14. Noyes FR, Barber SD, Mangine RE: Bone-patellar ligament-bone and fascia lata allografts for reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament. J Bone Joint Surg Am 72:1125-1136, 1990
15. Shapiro MS, Freedman EL: Allograft reconstruction of the anterior and posterior cruciate ligaments after traumatic knee dislocation. Am J Sports Med 23:580-587, 1995
16. Wascher DC, Becker JR, Dexter JG, et al: Reconstruction of the anterior and posterior cruciate ligaments after knee dislocation. Results using fresh-frozen nonirradiated allografts. Am J Sports Med 27:189-196, 1999
17. Prohaska DJ, Harner CD: Surgical treatment of acute and chronic anterior and posterior cruciate ligament medial side injuries of the knee. Sports Med Arthrosc Rev 9:193-198, 2001
18. Klimkiewicz JJ, Petrie RS, Harner CD: Surgical treatment of combined injury to anterior cruciate ligament, posterior cruciate ligament, and medical structures. Clin Sports Med 19:479-492, 2000
19. Buck BE, Malinin TI, Brown MD: Bone transplantation and human immunodeficiency virus. An estimate of risk of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Clin Orthop 240:129-136, 1989
20. Asselmeier MA, Caspari RB, Bottenfield S: A review of allograft processing and sterilization techniques and their role in transmission of the human immunodeficiency virus. Am J Sports Med 21:170-175, 1993
21. Shelton WR, Treacy SH, Dukes AD, et al: Use of allografts in knee reconstruction: I. Basic science aspects and current status. J Am Acad Orthop Surg 6:165-168, 1998
22. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Update: allograft-associated bacterial infections, United States, 2002. JAMA 287:1642-1644, 2002
23. Hornicek FJ, Woll JE, Kasprisin D (eds): Standards for Tissue Banking. McLean, VA, American Association of Tissue Banks, 2002
24. Jackson DW, Simon TM, Kurzweil PR, et al: Survival of cells after intra-articular transplantation of fresh allografts of the patellar and anterior cruciate ligaments. DNA-probe analysis in a goat model. J Bone Joint Surg Am 74:112-118, 1992
25. Bechtold JE, Eastlund DT, Butts MK, et al: The effects of freeze-drying and ethylene oxide sterilization on the mechanical properties of human patellar tendon. Am J Sports Med 22:562-566, 1994
26. Smith CW, Young IS, Kearney JN: Mechanical properties of tendons: changes with sterilization and preservation. J Biomech Eng 118:56-61, 1996
27. Woo SL, Orlando CA, Camp JF, et al: Effects of postmortem storage by freezing on ligament tensile behavior. J Biomech 19:399-404, 1986
28. Jackson DW, Grood ES, Wilcox P, et al: The effects of processing techniques on the mechanical properties of bone-anterior cruciate ligament-bone allografts. An experimental study in goats. Am J Sports Med 16:101-105, 1988
29. Jackson DW, Windler GE, Simon TM: Intraarticular reaction associated with the use of freeze-dried, ethylene oxide-sterilized bone-patella tendon-bone allografts in the reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament. Am J Sports Med 18:1-10, 1990
30. Gibbons MJ, Butler DL, Grood ES, et al: Effects of gamma irradiation on the initial mechanical and material properties of goat bone-patellar tendon-bone allografts. J Orthop Res 9:209-218, 1991
31. Goertzen MJ, Clahsen H, Bürrig, et al: Sterilisation of canine anterior cruciate allografts by gamma irradiation in argon. Mechanical and neurohistological properties retained one year after transplantation. J Bone Joint Surg Br 77:205-212, 1995
32. Arnoczky SP, Warren RF, Ashlock MA: Replacement of the anterior cruciate ligament using a patellar tendon allograft. An experimental study. J Bone Joint Surg Am 68:376-385, 1986
33. Shino K, Kawasaki T, Hirose H, et al: Replacement of the anterior cruciate ligament by an allogeneic tendon graft. An experimental study in the dog. J Bone Joint Surg Br 66:672-681, 1984
34. Curtis RJ, Delee JC, Drez DJ Jr: Reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament with freeze dried fascia lata allografts in dogs. A preliminary report. Am J Sports Med 13:408-414, 1985
35. Drez DJ Jr, DeLee J, Holden JP, et al: Anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction using bone-patellar tendon-bone allografts. A biological and biomechanical evaluation in goats. Am J Sports Med 19:256-263, 1991
36. Jackson DW, Grood ES, Arnoczky SP, et al: Freeze dried anterior cruciate ligament allografts. Preliminary studies in a goat model. Am J Sports Med 15:295-303, 1987
37. Shino K, Inoue M, Horibe S, et al: Maturation of allograft tendons transplanted into the knee. An arthroscopic and histological study. J Bone Joint Surg Br 70:556-560, 1988
38. Shino K, Inoue M, Horibe S, et al: Surface blood flow and histology of human anterior cruciate ligament allografts. Arthroscopy 7:171-176, 1991
39. Jackson DW, Grood ES, Goldstein JD, et al: A comparison of patellar tendon autograft and allograft used for anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction in the goat model. Am J Sports Med 21:176-185, 1993
40. Moholkar K, Taylor D, O'Reagan M, et al: A biomechanical analysis of four different methods of harvesting bone-patellar tendon-bone graft in porcine knees. J Bone Joint Surg Am 84:1782-1787, 2002
41. Bonamo JJ, Krinick RM, Sporn AA: Rupture of the patellar ligament after use of its central third for anterior cruciate reconstruction. A report of two cases. J Bone Joint Surg Am 66:1294-1297, 1984
42. Marder RA, Raskind JR, Carroll M: Prospective evaluation of arthroscopically assisted anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Patellar tendon versus semitendinosus and gracilis tendons. Am J Sports Med 19:478-484, 1991
43. Corry IS, Webb JM, Clingeleffer AM, et al: Arthroscopic reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament. A comparison of patellar tendon autograft and four-strand hamstring tendon autograft. Am J Sports Med 27:444-454, 1999
44. Burwell JMR, Davies AJ, Allum RL: Anterior knee symptoms after reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament using patellar tendon as a graft. Knee 5:245-248, 1998
45. Beynnon BD, Johnson RJ, Fleming BC, et al: Anterior cruciate ligament replacement: Comparison of bone-patellar tendon-bone grafts with two-strand hamstring grafts. A prospective, randomized study. J Bone Joint Surg Am 84:1503-1513, 2002
46. Eriksson K, Anderberg P, Hamberg P, et al: A comparison of quadruple semitendinosus and patellar tendon grafts in reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament. J Bone Joint Surg Br 83:348-354, 2001
47. Aglietti P, Buzzi R, Zaccherotti G, et al: Patellar tendon versus doubled semitendinosus and gracilis tendons for anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Am J Sports Med 22:211-217, 1994
48. Doral MN, Leblebicioglu G, Atay OZ, et al: Arthroscopy-assisted anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction with patellar tendon or hamstring autografts. Bull Hosp Jt Dis 59:81-87, 2000
49. Sachs RA, Daniel DM, Stone ML, et al: Patellofemoral problems after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Am J Sports Med 17:760-765, 1989
50. Shelbourne KD, Trumper RV: Preventing anterior knee pain after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Am J Sports Med 25:41-47, 1997
51. Allum RL: BASK Instructional Lecture 1: graft selection in anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Knee 8:69-72, 2001
52. Noyes FR, Butler DL, Greed FS, et al: Biomechanical analysis of human ligament grafts used in knee-ligament repairs and reconstructions. J Bone Joint Surg Am 66:344-352, 1984
53. Rowden NJ, Sher D, Rogers GJ, et al: Anterior cruciate ligament graft fixation. Initial comparison of patellar tendon and semitendinosus autografts in young fresh cadavers. Am J Sports Med 25:472-478, 1997
54. Cooper DE, Deng XH, Burstein AL, et al: The strength of the central third patellar tendon graft. A biomechanical study. Am J Sports Med 21:818-823, 1993
55. Kurosaka M, Yoshiya S, Andrish JT: A biomechanical comparison of different surgical techniques of graft fixation in anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Am J Sports Med 15:225-229, 1987
56. Steiner ME, Hecker AT, Brown CH, et al: Anterior cruciate ligament graft fixation. Comparison of hamstring and patellar tendon grafts. Am J Sports Med 22:240-246, 1994
57. Scheffler SU, Südkamp NP, Göckenjan A, et al: Biomechanical comparison of hamstring and patellar tendon graft anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction techniques: the impact of fixation level and fixation method under cyclic loading. Arthroscopy 18:304-315, 2002
58. Bosch U, Kasperczyk WJ: Healing of the patellar tendon autograft after posterior cruciate ligament reconstruction-a process of ligamentization? An experimental study in a sheep model. Am J Sports Med 20:558-566, 1992
59. Yoshiya S, Nagano M, Kurosaka M, et al: Graft healing in the bone tunnel in anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Clin Orthop 376: 278-286, 2000
60. Stapleton TR, Curd DT, Baker CL Jr: Initial biomechanical properties of anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction autografts. J South Orthop Assoc 8:173-180, 1999
61. Wilson TW, Zafuta MP, Zobitz M: A biomechanical analysis of matched bone-patellar tendon-bone and double-looped semitendinosus and gracilis tendon grafts. Am J Sports Med 27:202-207, 1999
62. Hamner DL, Brown CH Jr, Steiner ME, et al: Hamstring tendon grafts for reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament: Biomechanical evaluation of the use of multiple strands and tensioning techniques. J Bone Joint Surg Am 81:549-557, 1999
63. Magen HE, Howell SM, Hull ML: Structural properties of six tibial fixation methods for anterior cruciate ligament soft tissue grafts. Am J Sports Med 27:35-43, 1999
64. Novak PJ, Wexler GM, Williams JS Jr, et al: Comparison of screw post fixation and free bone block interference fixation for anterior cruciate ligament soft tissue grafts: Biomechanical considerations. Arthroscopy 12:470-473, 1996
65. Goradia VK, Rochat MC, Grana WA, et al: Tendon-to-bone healing of a semitendinosus tendon autograft used for ACL reconstruction in a sheep model. Am J Knee Surg 13:143-151, 2000
66. Rodeo SA, Arnoczky SP, Torzilli PA, et al: Tendon-healing in a bone tunnel. A biomechanical and histological study in the dog. J Bone Joint Surg Am 75:1795-1803, 1993
67. Anderson K, Seneviratne AM, Izawa K, et al: Augmentation of tendon healing in an intraarticular bone tunnel with use of a bone growth factor. Am J Sports Med 29:689-698, 2001
68. Martinek V, Latterman C, Usas A, et al: Enhancement of tendon-bone integration of anterior cruciate ligament grafts with bone morphogenetic protein-2 gene transfer: A histological and biomechanical study. J Bone Joint Surg Am 84:1123-1131, 2002
69. Fulkerson JP, Langeland R: An alternative cruciate reconstruction graft: The central quadriceps tendon. Arthroscopy 11:252-254, 1995
70. Chen CH, Chen WJ, Shih CH: Arthroscopic anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction with quadriceps tendon-patellar bone autograft. J Trauma 46:678-682, 1999
71. Harris NL, Smith DAB, Lamoreaux L, et al: Central quadriceps tendon for anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Part I: Morphometric and biomechanical evaluation. Am J Sports Med 25:23-28, 1997
72. Stäubli HU, Schatzmann L, Brunner P, et al: Mechanical tensile properties of the quadriceps tendon and patellar ligament in young adults. Am J Sports Med 27:27-34, 1999
73. Caborn DN, Selby JB: Allograft anterior tibialis tendon with bioabsorbable interference screw fixation in anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Arthroscopy 18:102-105, 2002
74. Borden PS, Nyland JA, Caborn DN: Posterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (double bundle) using anterior tibialis tendon allograft. Arthroscopy 17:E14, 2001
75. Borden PS, Kantaras AT, Caborn DN: Medial collateral ligament reconstruction with allograft using a double-bundle technique. Arthroscopy 18:E19, 2002
76. Haut Donahue TL, Howell SM, Hull ML, et al: A biomechanical evaluation of anterior and posterior tibialis tendons as suitable single-loop anterior cruciate ligament grafts. Arthroscopy 18:589-597, 2002
77. Harner CD, Janaushek MA, Kanamori A, et al: Biomechanical analysis of a double-bundle posterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Am J Sports Med 28:144-151, 2000
78. Clancy WG Jr, Shelbourne KD, Zoellner GB, et al: Treatment of knee joint instability secondary to rupture of the posterior cruciate ligament. Report of a new procedure. J Bone Joint Surg Am 65:310-322, 1983
79. Fanelli GC, Giannotti BE, Edson CJ: Arthroscopically assisted combined anterior and posterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Arthroscopy 12:5-14, 1996
80. Fanelli GC, Giannotti BE, Edson CJ: Arthroscopically assisted combined posterior cruciate ligament/posterior lateral complex reconstruction. Arthroscopy 12:521-530, 1996
81. Fanelli GC, Edson CJ: Arthroscopically assisted combined anterior and posterior cruciate ligament reconstruction in the multiple ligament injured knee: 2- to 10-year follow-up. Arthroscopy 18:703-714, 2002
82. Bianchi M: Acute tears of the posterior cruciate ligament: Clinical study and results of operative treatment in 27 cases. Am J Sports Med 11:308-314, 1983
83. Nyland J, Hester P, Caborn DN: Double-bundle posterior cruciate ligament reconstruction with allograft tissue: 2-year postoperative outcomes. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 10:274-279, 2002
84. Berg EE: Posterior cruciate ligament tibial inlay reconstruction. Arthroscopy 11:69-76, 1995
85. Miller MK, Gordon WT: Posterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: Tibial inlay technique. Op Tech Orthop 9:289-297, 1999
86. Latimer HA, Tibone JE, ElAttrache NS, et al: Reconstruction of the lateral collateral ligament of the knee with patellar tendon allograft. Report of a new technique in combined ligament injuries. Am J Sports Med 26:656-662, 1998
87. Chen CH, Chen WJ, Shih CH: Lateral collateral ligament reconstruction using quadriceps tendon-patellar bone autograft with bioscrew fixation. Arthroscopy 17:551-554, 2001
88. Lill H, Glasmacher S, Korner J, et al: Arthroscopic-assisted simultaneous reconstruction of the posterior cruciate ligament and the lateral collateral ligament using hamstrings and absorbable screws. Arthroscopy 17:892-897, 2001
89. Noyes FR, Barber-Westin SD: Treatment of complex injuries involving the posterior cruciate and posterolateral ligaments of the knee. Am J Knee Surg 9:200-214, 1996
90. Noyes FR, Barber-Westin SD: Surgical reconstruction of severe chronic posterolateral complex injuries of the knee using allograft tissues. Am J Sports Med 23:2-12, 1995
91. McMahon MS, Boland AL: Collateral ligament injuries, in Siliski JM (ed): Traumatic Disorders of the Knee. New York, Springer-Verlag, 1994, pp 301-313
92. Veltri DM, Warren RF: Operative treatment of posterolateral instability of the knee. Clin Sports Med 13:615-627, 1994
93. Albright JP, Brown AW: Management of chronic posterolateral rotatory instability of the knee: surgical technique for the posterolateral corner sling procedure. AAOS Instr Course Lect 47:369-378, 1998
94. Bullis DW, Paulos LE: Reconstruction of the posterior cruciate ligament with allograft. Clin Sports Med 13:581-597, 1994