Mechanisms for the NAO responses to the North Atlantic SST tripole

Journal of Climate

Volumn 16, Issue 12, 2003, Pages 1987-2004

  Peng, Shiling ^a   Robinson, Walter A ^b   Li, Shuanglin ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF COLORADO   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS AT URBANA CHAMPAIGN   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY; COMPUTER SIMULATION; HEATING;

ASYMMETRIC COMPONENTS;

CLIMATOLOGY;

CLIMATE; GENERAL CIRCULATION MODEL; MODELING; SEA SURFACE; TEMPERATURE;

AIR-SEA INTERACTION; ATMOSPHERE-OCEAN COUPLING; GENERAL CIRCULATION MODEL; NORTH ATLANTIC OSCILLATION; SEA SURFACE TEMPERATURE;

EID: 0041344623     PISSN: 08948755     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1175/1520-0442(2003)016<1987:MFTNRT>2.0.CO;2     Document Type: Article

References (39)

1. Barsugli, J. J., and D. S. Battisti, 1998: The basic effects of atmosphere-ocean thermal coupling on midlatitude variability. J. Atmos. Sci., 55, 477-493.
2. Battisti, D. S., U. S. Bhatt, and M. A. Alexander, 1995: A modeling study of the interannual variability of the North Atlantic Ocean. J. Climate, 8, 3067-3083.
3. Branstator, G., 1992: The maintenance of low-frequency atmospheric anomalies. J. Atmos. Sci., 49, 1924-1945.
4. Branstator, G., 1995: Organization of storm track anomalies by recurring low- frequency circulation anomalies. J. Atmos. Sci., 52, 207-226.
5. Cayan, D. R., 1992: Latent and sensible heat-flux anomalies over the northern oceans-The connection to monthly atmospheric circulation. J. Climate, 5, 354-369.
6. Cessi, P., 2000: Thermal feedback on wind stress as a contributing cause of climate variability. J. Climate, 13, 232-244.
7. Czaja, A., and J. Marshall, 2001: Observations of atmospheric-ocean coupling in the North Atlantic. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 127, 1893-1916.
8. Czaja, A., and C. Frankignoul, 2002: Observed impact of Atlantic SST anomalies on the North Atlantic Oscillation. J. Climate, 15, 606-623.
9. Hall, N. M. J., J. Derome, and H. Lin, 2001: The extratropical signal generated by a midlatitude SST anomaly. Part I: Sensitivity at equilibrium. J. Climate, 14, 2035-2053.
10. Hendon, H. H., and D. L. Hartmann, 1982: Stationary waves on a sphere: Sensitivity to thermal feedback, J. Atmos. Sci., 39, 1906-1920.
11. Hoskins, B. J., and D. Karoly, 1981: The steady linear response of a spherical atmosphere to thermal and orographic forcing. J. Atmos. Sci., 38, 1179-1196.
12. Kimoto, M., F. F. Jin, M. Watanabe, and N. Yasutomi, 2001: Zonal-eddy coupling and a neutral mode theory for the Arctic Oscillation. Geophys. Res. Lett., 28, 737-740.
13. Kucharski, F., and F. Molteni, 2003: On nonlinearities in a forced NAO. Climate Dyn., in press.
14. Kushnir, Y., and N.-C. Lau, 1992: The general circulation model response to a North Pacific SST anomaly: Dependence on time scale and pattern polarity. J. Climate. 5, 271-283.
15. Kushnir, Y., and I. M. Held, 1996: Equilibrium atmospheric response to North Atlantic SST anomalies. J. Climate, 9, 1208-1220.
16. Kushnir, Y., W. A. Robinson, I. Blade, N. M. J. Hall, S. Peng, and R. Sutton, 2002: Atmospheric GCM response to extratropical SST anomalies: Synthesis and evaluation. J. Climate, 15, 2233-2256.
17. Latif, M., and T. P. Barnett, 1994: Causes of decadal climate variability over the North Pacific and North America. Science, 266, 634-637.
18. Lau, N.-C., and M. J. Nath, 1991: Variability of the baroclinic and barotropic transient eddy forcing associated with monthly changes in the midlatitude storm tracks. J. Atmos. Sci., 48, 2589-2613.
19. Lin, H., and J. Derome, 2003: Atmospheric response to SST anomalies in the North Atlantic. Tellus, in press.
20. Marshall, J., H. Johnson, and J. Goodman, 2001: A study of the interaction of the North Atlantic oscillation with ocean circulation. J. Climate. 14, 1399-1421.
21. Marshall, J., and Coauthors. 2001b: North Atlantic climate variability: Phenomena, impacts and mechanisms. Int. J. Climatol., 21, 1863-1898.
22. Palmer, T. N., and Z. Sun, 1985: A modeling and observational study of the relationship between sea surface temperature in the northwest Atlantic and atmospheric general circulation. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 111, 947-975.
23. Peng, S., and J. S. Whitaker, 1999: Mechanisms determining the atmospheric response to midlatitude SST anomalies. J. Climate. 12, 1393-1408.
24. Peng, S., and W. A. Robinson, 2001: Relationships between atmospheric internal variability and the responses to an extratropical SST anomaly. J. Climate. 14, 2943-2959.
25. Peng, S., L. A. Mysak, H. Ritchie, J. Derome, and B. Dugas, 1995: The differences between early and midwinter atmospheric response to sea surface temperature anomalies in the northwest Atlantic. J. Climate. 8, 137-157.
26. Peng, S., W. A. Robinson, and M. P. Hoerling, 1997: The modeled atmospheric response to midlatitude SST anomalies and its dependence on background circulation states. J. Climate. 10, 971-987.
27. Peng, S., W. A. Robinson, and S. Li, 2002: North Atlantic SST forcing of the NAO and relationships with intrinsic hemispheric variability. Geophys. Res. Lett., 29, 1276, doi: 10,1029,2001GL014043.
28. Press, W. H., S. A. Teukolsky, W. T. Vetterling, and B. P. Flannery, 1994: Numerical Recipes. 2d ed. Cambridge University Press, 963 pp.
29. Robinson, W. A., 2000: Review of WETS-The workshop on extratropical SST anomalies. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 81, 567-577.
30. Rodwell, M. J., D. P. Rowell, and C. K. Folland, 1999: Oceanic forcing of the wintertime North Atlantic Oscillation and European climate. Nature. 398, 320-323.
31. Sutton, R. T., W. A. Norton, and S. P. Jewson, 2000: The North Atlantic Oscillation-What role for the ocean? Atmos. Sci. Lett., 1, 89-100.
32. Thompson, D. W.J., and J. M. Wallace, 1998: The Arctic Oscillation signature in the wintertime geopotential height and temperature fields. Geophys. Res. Lett., 25, 1297-1300.
33. Ting, M., and N.-C. Lau, 1993: A diagnostic and modeling study of the monthly mean wintertime anomalies appearing in a 100-year GCM experiment. J. Atmos. Sci., 50, 2845-2867.
34. Ting, M., and N.C. Lau, and M.P. Hoerling, 1993: Dynamics of stationary wave anomalies during the 1986/87 El Nino. Climate Dyn., 9, 147-164.
35. Ting, M., N.C. Lau, M.P. Hoerling, and S. Peng, 1995: Dynamics of the early and middle winter atmospheric responses to the Northwest Atlantic SST anomalies, J. Climate. 8, 2239-2254.
36. Wallace, J. M., C. Smith, and Q. Jiang, 1990: Spatial patterns of atmosphere-ocean interaction in the northern winter. J. Climate. 3, 990-998.
37. Walter, K., U. Luksch, and K. Fraedrich, 2001: A response climatology of idealized midlatitude thermal forcing experiments with and without a storm track. J. Climate. 14, 467-484.
38. Watanabe, M., and M. Kimoto, 2000: Atmosphere-ocean thermal coupling in the North Atlantic: A positive feedback. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 126, 3343-3369.
39. Whitaker, J. S., and P. D. Sardeshmukh, 1998: A linear theory of extratropical synoptic eddy statistics. J. Atmos. Sci., 55, 237-258.