Parity and the risk of Down's syndrome

American Journal of Epidemiology

Volumn 158, Issue 6, 2003, Pages 503-508

  Doria Rose, V Paul ^a,b   Kim, Han S ^a,b   Augustine, Elizabeth T J ^a   Edwards, Karen L ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON   (United States)

^b Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center   (United States)

Author keywords

Case control studies; Down syndrome; Parity; Prenatal diagnosis; Prevalence; Risk factors

Indexed keywords

HEALTH RISK; RISK FACTOR; WOMENS HEALTH;

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; AMNIOCENTESIS; ARTICLE; CASE CONTROL STUDY; CONFIDENCE INTERVAL; CONTROLLED STUDY; DISEASE ASSOCIATION; DOWN SYNDROME; FEMALE; HUMAN; INTERMETHOD COMPARISON; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MATERNAL AGE; MULTIPARA; PARITY; PREGNANCY TERMINATION; PRENATAL DIAGNOSIS; RISK; RISK ASSESSMENT; RISK FACTOR;

ADULT; CASE-CONTROL STUDIES; DOWN SYNDROME; FEMALE; HUMANS; INFANT, NEWBORN; LOGISTIC MODELS; MATERNAL AGE; PARITY; PREGNANCY; PREGNANCY OUTCOME; PRENATAL DIAGNOSIS; PREVALENCE; RISK FACTORS; WASHINGTON;

UNITED STATES;

EID: 0041333891     PISSN: 00029262     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwg193     Document Type: Article

References (23)

1. Down syndrome prevalence at birth-United States, 1983-1990. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 1994;43:617-22.
2. Eidelman AI, Kamar R, Schimmel MS, et al. The grandmul tipara: is she still a risk? Am J Obstet Gynecol 1988;158:389-92.
3. Schimmel MS, Eidelman AI, Zadka P, et al. Increased parity and risk of trisomy 21: review of 37,110 live births. BMJ 1997; 314:720-1.
4. Castilla EE, Paz JE. Parity and Down's syndrome. (Letter). Lancet 1994;344:1645-6.
5. Kallen B, Masback A. Down syndrome: seasonality and parity effects. Hereditas 1988;109:21-7.
6. Kallen K. Parity and Down syndrome. Am J Med Genet 1997; 70:196-201.
7. Haddow JE, Palomaki GE. Multiparity and Down's syndrome. (Letter). Lancet 1994;344:956.
8. Chan A, McCaul KA, Keane RJ, et al. Effect of parity, gravidity, previous miscarriage, and age on risk of Down's syndrome: population based study. BMJ 1998;317:923-4.
9. Rogers MS. Racial variations in the incidence of trisomy 21. Br J Obstet Gynecol 1986;93:597-9.
10. Lilford RJ. Commentary: Down's syndrome and parity. BMJ 1997;314:721.
11. Halliday J, Lumley J, Watson L. Comparison of women who do and do not have amniocentesis or chorionic villus sampling. Lancet 1995;345:704-9.
12. Lesser Y, Rabinowitz J. Elective amniocentesis in low-risk pregnancies: decision making in the era of information and uncertainty. Am J Public Health 2001;91:639-41.
13. Roghmann KJ, Doherty R, Robinson JL, et al. The selective utilization of prenatal genetic diagnosis: experiences of a regional program in Upstate New York during the 1970s. Med Care 1983;21:1111-25.
14. Freedman MA, Gay GA, Brockert JE, et al. The 1989 revisions of the US Standard Certificates of Live Birth and Death and the US Standard Report of Fetal Death. Am J Public Health 1988; 78:168-72.
15. Watkins ML, Edmonds L, McClearn A, et al. The surveillance of birth defects: the usefulness of the revised US standard birth certificate. Am J Public Health 1996;86:731-4.
16. Piper JM, Mitchel EF Jr, Snowden M, et al. Validation of 1989 Tennessee birth certificates using maternal and newborn hospital records. Am J Epidemiol 1993; 137:758-68.
17. Torfs CP, Christianson RE. Effect of maternal smoking and coffee consumption on the risk of having a recognized Down syndrome pregnancy. Am J Epidemiol 2000;152:1185-91.
18. Hook EB. Epidemiology of Down syndrome. In: Pueschel SM, Rynders JE, eds. Down syndrome: advances in biomedicine and the behavioral sciences. Cambridge, MA: Ware Press, 1982:11-88.
19. Boue J, Deluchat CC, Nicolas H, et al. Prenatal losses of trisomy 21. In: Burgio GR, Fraccaro M, Tiepolo L, et al, eds. Trisomy 21: an international symposium. Berlin, Germany: Springer-Verlag, 1981:183-93.
20. Pharoah PO. Increased parity and risk of trisomy 21: study measured prevalence of Down's syndrome at birth, not incidence. (Letter). BMJ 1997;314:1760-1.
21. Bray IC, Wright DE. Estimating the spontaneous loss of Down syndrome fetuses between the times of chorionic villus sampling, amniocentesis and livebirth. Prenat Diagn 1998; 18: 1045-54.
22. Morris JK, Wald NJ, Watt HC. Fetal loss in Down syndrome pregnancies. Prenat Diagn 1999;19:142-5.
23. Cuckle H. Down syndrome fetal loss rate in early pregnancy. (Letter). Prenat Diagn 1999;19:1177-9.