Beyond the enforcement principle: Sodomy laws, social norms, and social panoptics

California Law Review

Volumn 89, Issue 3, 2001, Pages 643-644

  Goodman, Ryan ^a  

^a NONE

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 0041329897     PISSN: 00081221     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2307/3481180     Document Type: Article

References (19)

1. Robert C. Ellickson, Law and Economics Discovers Social Norms, 27 J. LEGAL STUD. 537, 542 (1998). A series of prominent symposia is a fair indicator of the growing intellectual excitement about this subject. See, e.g., Symposium, Law, Psychology, and the Emotions, 74 CHI.-KENT L. REV. 1423 (2000); Symposium, Norms, Law, and Order in the City, 34 LAW & SOC'Y REV. 179 (2000); Social Norms, Social Meaning, and the Economic Analysis of Law: A Conference Sponsored by the University of Chicago Law School and the John M. Olin Program in Law and Economics,21 J. LEGAL STUD. 537 (1998); Symposium, Law and Society & Law and Economics, 1997 WIS. L. REV. 375; Symposium, The Nature and Sources, Formal and Informal, of Law, 82 CORNELL L. REV. 947 (1997); Symposium, Law, Economics, & Norms, 144 U. PA. L. REV. 1643 (1996); see also Special Issue, Mediating Institutions: Beyond the Public/Private Distinction, 61 U. CHI. L. REV. 1213 (1994); Symposium, The Informal Economy, 103 YALE L.J. 2119 (1994).
2. Robert C. Ellickson, Law and Economics Discovers Social Norms, 27 J. LEGAL STUD. 537, 542 (1998). A series of prominent symposia is a fair indicator of the growing intellectual excitement about this subject. See, e.g., Symposium, Law, Psychology, and the Emotions, 74 CHI.-KENT L. REV. 1423 (2000); Symposium, Norms, Law, and Order in the City, 34 LAW & SOC'Y REV. 179 (2000); Social Norms, Social Meaning, and the Economic Analysis of Law: A Conference Sponsored by the University of Chicago Law School and the John M. Olin Program in Law and Economics,21 J. LEGAL STUD. 537 (1998); Symposium, Law and Society & Law and Economics, 1997 WIS. L. REV. 375; Symposium, The Nature and Sources, Formal and Informal, of Law, 82 CORNELL L. REV. 947 (1997); Symposium, Law, Economics, & Norms, 144 U. PA. L. REV. 1643 (1996); see also Special Issue, Mediating Institutions: Beyond the Public/Private Distinction, 61 U. CHI. L. REV. 1213 (1994); Symposium, The Informal Economy, 103 YALE L.J. 2119 (1994).
3. Robert C. Ellickson, Law and Economics Discovers Social Norms, 27 J. LEGAL STUD. 537, 542 (1998). A series of prominent symposia is a fair indicator of the growing intellectual excitement about this subject. See, e.g., Symposium, Law, Psychology, and the Emotions, 74 CHI.-KENT L. REV. 1423 (2000); Symposium, Norms, Law, and Order in the City, 34 LAW & SOC'Y REV. 179 (2000); Social Norms, Social Meaning, and the Economic Analysis of Law: A Conference Sponsored by the University of Chicago Law School and the John M. Olin Program in Law and Economics,21 J. LEGAL STUD. 537 (1998); Symposium, Law and Society & Law and Economics, 1997 WIS. L. REV. 375; Symposium, The Nature and Sources, Formal and Informal, of Law, 82 CORNELL L. REV. 947 (1997); Symposium, Law, Economics, & Norms, 144 U. PA. L. REV. 1643 (1996); see also Special Issue, Mediating Institutions: Beyond the Public/Private Distinction, 61 U. CHI. L. REV. 1213 (1994); Symposium, The Informal Economy, 103 YALE L.J. 2119 (1994).
4. Robert C. Ellickson, Law and Economics Discovers Social Norms, 27 J. LEGAL STUD. 537, 542 (1998). A series of prominent symposia is a fair indicator of the growing intellectual excitement about this subject. See, e.g., Symposium, Law, Psychology, and the Emotions, 74 CHI.-KENT L. REV. 1423 (2000); Symposium, Norms, Law, and Order in the City, 34 LAW & SOC'Y REV. 179 (2000); Social Norms, Social Meaning, and the Economic Analysis of Law: A Conference Sponsored by the University of Chicago Law School and the John M. Olin Program in Law and Economics,21 J. LEGAL STUD. 537 (1998); Symposium, Law and Society & Law and Economics, 1997 WIS. L. REV. 375; Symposium, The Nature and Sources, Formal and Informal, of Law, 82 CORNELL L. REV. 947 (1997); Symposium, Law, Economics, & Norms, 144 U. PA. L. REV. 1643 (1996); see also Special Issue, Mediating Institutions: Beyond the Public/Private Distinction, 61 U. CHI. L. REV. 1213 (1994); Symposium, The Informal Economy, 103 YALE L.J. 2119 (1994).
5. Robert C. Ellickson, Law and Economics Discovers Social Norms, 27 J. LEGAL STUD. 537, 542 (1998). A series of prominent symposia is a fair indicator of the growing intellectual excitement about this subject. See, e.g., Symposium, Law, Psychology, and the Emotions, 74 CHI.-KENT L. REV. 1423 (2000); Symposium, Norms, Law, and Order in the City, 34 LAW & SOC'Y REV. 179 (2000); Social Norms, Social Meaning, and the Economic Analysis of Law: A Conference Sponsored by the University of Chicago Law School and the John M. Olin Program in Law and Economics,21 J. LEGAL STUD. 537 (1998); Symposium, Law and Society & Law and Economics, 1997 WIS. L. REV. 375; Symposium, The Nature and Sources, Formal and Informal, of Law, 82 CORNELL L. REV. 947 (1997); Symposium, Law, Economics, & Norms, 144 U. PA. L. REV. 1643 (1996); see also Special Issue, Mediating Institutions: Beyond the Public/Private Distinction, 61 U. CHI. L. REV. 1213 (1994); Symposium, The Informal Economy, 103 YALE L.J. 2119 (1994).
6. Robert C. Ellickson, Law and Economics Discovers Social Norms, 27 J. LEGAL STUD. 537, 542 (1998). A series of prominent symposia is a fair indicator of the growing intellectual excitement about this subject. See, e.g., Symposium, Law, Psychology, and the Emotions, 74 CHI.-KENT L. REV. 1423 (2000); Symposium, Norms, Law, and Order in the City, 34 LAW & SOC'Y REV. 179 (2000); Social Norms, Social Meaning, and the Economic Analysis of Law: A Conference Sponsored by the University of Chicago Law School and the John M. Olin Program in Law and Economics,21 J. LEGAL STUD. 537 (1998); Symposium, Law and Society & Law and Economics, 1997 WIS. L. REV. 375; Symposium, The Nature and Sources, Formal and Informal, of Law, 82 CORNELL L. REV. 947 (1997); Symposium, Law, Economics, & Norms, 144 U. PA. L. REV. 1643 (1996); see also Special Issue, Mediating Institutions: Beyond the Public/Private Distinction, 61 U. CHI. L. REV. 1213 (1994); Symposium, The Informal Economy, 103 YALE L.J. 2119 (1994).
7. Robert C. Ellickson, Law and Economics Discovers Social Norms, 27 J. LEGAL STUD. 537, 542 (1998). A series of prominent symposia is a fair indicator of the growing intellectual excitement about this subject. See, e.g., Symposium, Law, Psychology, and the Emotions, 74 CHI.-KENT L. REV. 1423 (2000); Symposium, Norms, Law, and Order in the City, 34 LAW & SOC'Y REV. 179 (2000); Social Norms, Social Meaning, and the Economic Analysis of Law: A Conference Sponsored by the University of Chicago Law School and the John M. Olin Program in Law and Economics,21 J. LEGAL STUD. 537 (1998); Symposium, Law and Society & Law and Economics, 1997 WIS. L. REV. 375; Symposium, The Nature and Sources, Formal and Informal, of Law, 82 CORNELL L. REV. 947 (1997); Symposium, Law, Economics, & Norms, 144 U. PA. L. REV. 1643 (1996); see also Special Issue, Mediating Institutions: Beyond the Public/Private Distinction, 61 U. CHI. L. REV. 1213 (1994); Symposium, The Informal Economy, 103 YALE L.J. 2119 (1994).
8. Robert C. Ellickson, Law and Economics Discovers Social Norms, 27 J. LEGAL STUD. 537, 542 (1998). A series of prominent symposia is a fair indicator of the growing intellectual excitement about this subject. See, e.g., Symposium, Law, Psychology, and the Emotions, 74 CHI.-KENT L. REV. 1423 (2000); Symposium, Norms, Law, and Order in the City, 34 LAW & SOC'Y REV. 179 (2000); Social Norms, Social Meaning, and the Economic Analysis of Law: A Conference Sponsored by the University of Chicago Law School and the John M. Olin Program in Law and Economics,21 J. LEGAL STUD. 537 (1998); Symposium, Law and Society & Law and Economics, 1997 WIS. L. REV. 375; Symposium, The Nature and Sources, Formal and Informal, of Law, 82 CORNELL L. REV. 947 (1997); Symposium, Law, Economics, & Norms, 144 U. PA. L. REV. 1643 (1996); see also Special Issue, Mediating Institutions: Beyond the Public/Private Distinction, 61 U. CHI. L. REV. 1213 (1994); Symposium, The Informal Economy, 103 YALE L.J. 2119 (1994).
9. Robert C. Ellickson, Law and Economics Discovers Social Norms, 27 J. LEGAL STUD. 537, 542 (1998). A series of prominent symposia is a fair indicator of the growing intellectual excitement about this subject. See, e.g., Symposium, Law, Psychology, and the Emotions, 74 CHI.-KENT L. REV. 1423 (2000); Symposium, Norms, Law, and Order in the City, 34 LAW & SOC'Y REV. 179 (2000); Social Norms, Social Meaning, and the Economic Analysis of Law: A Conference Sponsored by the University of Chicago Law School and the John M. Olin Program in Law and Economics,21 J. LEGAL STUD. 537 (1998); Symposium, Law and Society & Law and Economics, 1997 WIS. L. REV. 375; Symposium, The Nature and Sources, Formal and Informal, of Law, 82 CORNELL L. REV. 947 (1997); Symposium, Law, Economics, & Norms, 144 U. PA. L. REV. 1643 (1996); see also Special Issue, Mediating Institutions: Beyond the Public/Private Distinction, 61 U. CHI. L. REV. 1213 (1994); Symposium, The Informal Economy, 103 YALE L.J. 2119 (1994).
10. See Kenneth G. Dau-Schmidt, Economics and Sociology: The Prospects for an Interdisciplinary Discourse on Law, 1997 WIS. L. REV. 389 (describing the gradual convergence of the fields of economics and sociology in legal studies); id. at 418 ("Recent work in economics and sociology shows substantial overlap in methodology and examined subject matter and thus the potential for useful exchange."); Dan M. Kahan, Between Economics and Sociology: The New Path of Deterrence, 95 MICH. L. REV. 2477 (1997).
11. See Kenneth G. Dau-Schmidt, Economics and Sociology: The Prospects for an Interdisciplinary Discourse on Law, 1997 WIS. L. REV. 389 (describing the gradual convergence of the fields of economics and sociology in legal studies); id. at 418 ("Recent work in economics and sociology shows substantial overlap in methodology and examined subject matter and thus the potential for useful exchange."); Dan M. Kahan, Between Economics and Sociology: The New Path of Deterrence, 95 MICH. L. REV. 2477 (1997).
12. See Kenneth G. Dau-Schmidt, Economics and Sociology: The Prospects for an Interdisciplinary Discourse on Law, 1997 WIS. L. REV. 389 (describing the gradual convergence of the fields of economics and sociology in legal studies); id. at 418 ("Recent work in economics and sociology shows substantial overlap in methodology and examined subject matter and thus the potential for useful exchange."); Dan M. Kahan, Between Economics and Sociology: The New Path of Deterrence, 95 MICH. L. REV. 2477 (1997).
13. See Lawrence Lessig, The New Chicago School, 27 J. LEGAL STUD. 661, 666 (1998) ("[I]n the view of the new school, law not only regulates behavior directly, but law also regulates behavior indirectly, by regulating these other modalities of regulation directly."). Lessig coined the term "New Chicago School" to describe this area of scholarship. Id. at 661. He did so on the ground that new social norms scholars generally synthesize the conventional Chicago School's economic insights with an embrace of sociological methods of inquiry. The heuristic value of Lessig's terminology, however, is subject to debate. See Transript, The New Chicago School: Myth or Reality?, 5 U. CHI. L. SCH. ROUNDTABLE 1 (1998) (discussing, among so-called "new" and "old" Chicago school scholars, whether Lessig's classification scheme properly applies to their work and whether there is reason to care).
14. See Lawrence Lessig, The New Chicago School, 27 J. LEGAL STUD. 661, 666 (1998) ("[I]n the view of the new school, law not only regulates behavior directly, but law also regulates behavior indirectly, by regulating these other modalities of regulation directly."). Lessig coined the term "New Chicago School" to describe this area of scholarship. Id. at 661. He did so on the ground that new social norms scholars generally synthesize the conventional Chicago School's economic insights with an embrace of sociological methods of inquiry. The heuristic value of Lessig's terminology, however, is subject to debate. See Transript, The New Chicago School: Myth or Reality?, 5 U. CHI. L. SCH. ROUNDTABLE 1 (1998) (discussing, among so-called "new" and "old" Chicago school scholars, whether Lessig's classification scheme properly applies to their work and whether there is reason to care).
15. Cass R. Sunstein, On the Expressive Function of Law, 144 U. PA. L. REV. 2021 (1996).
16. For an example of the definition and scope of the term "social meaning" as employed in the field, see Lawrence Lessig, The Regulation of Social Meaning, 62 U. CHI. L. REV. 943, 951-52 (1995) ("Any society or social context has what I call here social meanings - the semiotic content attached to various actions, or inactions, or statuses, within a particular context.").
17. See, e.g., ERIC A. POSNER, LAW AND SOCIAL NORMS 88-111 (2000) (discussing "status, stigma, and the criminal law"); James Q. Whitman, What is Wrong with Inflicting Shame Sanctions?, 107 YALE L.J. 1055 (1998); Robert Cooter, Expressive Law and Economics, 27 J. LEGAL STUD. 585
18. See, e.g., ERIC A. POSNER, LAW AND SOCIAL NORMS 88-111 (2000) (discussing "status, stigma, and the criminal law"); James Q. Whitman, What is Wrong with Inflicting Shame Sanctions?, 107 YALE L.J. 1055 (1998); Robert Cooter, Expressive Law and Economics, 27 J. LEGAL STUD. 585
19. See, e.g., ERIC A. POSNER, LAW AND SOCIAL NORMS 88-111 (2000) (discussing "status, stigma, and the criminal law"); James Q. Whitman, What is Wrong with Inflicting Shame Sanctions?, 107 YALE L.J. 1055 (1998); Robert Cooter, Expressive Law and Economics, 27 J. LEGAL STUD. 585