Reduced expression of the growth hormone and type 1 insulin-like growth factor receptors in human somatotroph tumours and an analysis of possible mutations of the growth hormone receptor

Clinical Endocrinology

Volumn 59, Issue 3, 2003, Pages 328-338

  Kola, Blerina ^a   Korbonits, Márta ^a   Diaz Cano, Salvador ^a   Kaltsas, Gregory ^a   Morris, Damian G ^a   Jordan, Suzanne ^a   Metherell, Lou ^a   Powell, Michael ^b   Czirják, Sándor ^c   Arnaldi, Giorgio ^d   Bustin, Stephen ^e   Boscaro, Marco ^f   Mantero, Franco ^f   Grossman, Ashley B ^a  

^a ST BARTHOLOMEW S HOSPITAL   (United Kingdom)

^b UNIVERSITY COLLEGE LONDON   (United Kingdom)

^c Institute of Neurosurgery   (Hungary)

^d UNIVERSITÀ POLITECNICA DELLE MARCHE   (Italy)

^e ROYAL LONDON HOSPITAL   (United Kingdom)

^f UNIVERSITY OF PADOVA   (Italy)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

GROWTH HORMONE; GROWTH HORMONE RECEPTOR; MESSENGER RNA; SOMATOMEDIN C; SOMATOMEDIN C RECEPTOR;

ACROMEGALY; ARTICLE; GENE MUTATION; HORMONAL REGULATION; HUMAN; HUMAN TISSUE; HYPOPHYSIS ADENOMA; IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; NEGATIVE FEEDBACK; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROLACTINOMA; PROTEIN EXPRESSION; RECEPTOR DENSITY; REVERSE TRANSCRIPTION POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION;

ACROMEGALY; ADENOMA; ADRENOCORTICOTROPIC HORMONE; ADULT; AGED; FEEDBACK, BIOCHEMICAL; FEMALE; FOLLICLE STIMULATING HORMONE; GROWTH HORMONE; HUMANS; IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY; INSULIN-LIKE GROWTH FACTOR I; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; PITUITARY GLAND; PITUITARY NEOPLASMS; PROLACTINOMA; RECEPTOR, IGF TYPE 1; RECEPTORS, SOMATOTROPIN; REVERSE TRANSCRIPTASE POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION; RNA, MESSENGER; STATISTICS, NONPARAMETRIC;

EID: 0041324821     PISSN: 03000664     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2265.2003.01851.x     Document Type: Article

References (59)

1. Abe, H., Molitch, M.E., Van Wyk, J.J. & Underwood, L.E. (1983) Human growth hormone and somatomedin C suppress the spontaneous release of growth hormone in unanesthetized rats. Endocrinology, 113, 1319-1324.
2. Abrams, R.L., Grumbach, M.M. & Kaplan, S.L. (1971) The effect of administration of human growth hormone on the plasma growth hormone, cortisol, glucose, and free fatty acid response to insulin: evidence for growth hormone autoregulation in man. Journal of Clinical Investigation, 50, 940-950.
3. Asa, S.L. & Ezzat, S. (1998) The cytogenesis and pathogenesis of pituitary adenomas. Endocrine Reviews, 19, 798-827.
4. Asa, S.L., Coschigano, K.T., Bellush, L., Kopchick, J.J. & Ezzat, S. (2000) Evidence for growth hormone (GH) autoregulation in pituitary somatotrophs in GH antagonist-transgenic mice and GH receptor-deficient mice. American Journal of Pathology, 156, 1009-1015.
5. Bach, M.A. & Bondy, C.A. (1992) Anatomy of the pituitary insulin-like growth factor system. Endocrinology, 131, 2588-2594.
6. Barinaga, M., Yamonoto, G., Rivier, C., Vale, W., Evans, R. & Rosenfeld, M.G. (1983) Transcriptional regulation of growth hormone gene expression by growth hormone-releasing factor. Nature, 306, 84-85.
7. Bennett, P.A., Levy, A., Sophokleous, S., Robinson, I.C. & Lightman, S.L. (1995) Hypothalamic GH receptor gene expression in the rat: effects of altered GH status. Journal of Endocrinology, 147, 225-234.
8. Berelowitz, M., Szabo, M., Frohman, L.A., Firestone, S., Chu, L. & Hintz, R.L. (1981) Somatomedin-C mediates growth hormone negative feedback by effects on both the hypothalamus and the pituitary. Science, 212, 1279-1281.
9. Billestrup, N., Swanson, L.W. & Vale, W. (1986) Growth hormone-releasing factor stimulates proliferation of somatotrophs in vitro. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA, 83, 6854-6857.
10. Bowers, C.Y., Momany, F.A., Reynolds, G.A. & Hong, A. (1984) On the in vitro and in vivo activity of a new synthetic hexapeptide that acts on the pituitary to specifically release growth hormone. Endocrinology, 114, 1537-1545.
11. Bustin, S.A. (2000) Absolute quantification of mRNA using real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction assays. Journal of Molecular Endocrinology, 25, 169-193.
12. Clark, R.G., Carlsson, L.M. & Robinson, I.C. (1988) Growth hormone (GH) secretion in the conscious rat: negative feedback of GH on its own release. Journal of Endocrinology, 119, 201-209.
13. Edens, A. & Talamantes, F. (1998) Alternative processing of growth hormone receptor transcripts. Endocrine Reviews, 19, 559-582.
14. Ezzat, S. (2001) The role of hormones, growth factors and their receptors in pituitary tumorigenesis. Brain Pathology, 11, 356-370.
15. Ezzat, S. & Melmed, S. (1990) The role of growth factors in the pituitary. Journal of Endocrinological Investigation, 13, 691-698.
16. Ezzat, S., Zheng, L., Zhu, X.F., Wu, G.E. & Asa, S.L. (2002) Targeted expression of a human pituitary tumor-derived isoform of FGF receptor-4 recapitulates pituitary tumorigenesis. Journal of Clinical Investigation, 109, 69-78.
17. Fagin, J.A., Brown, A. & Melmed, S. (1988) Regulation of pituitary insulin-like growth factor-I messenger ribonucleic acid levels in rats harboring somatomammotropic tumors: implications for growth hormone autoregulation. Endocrinology, 122, 2204-2210.
18. Fagin, J.A., Fernandez-Mejia, C. & Melmed, S. (1989) Pituitary insulin-like growth factor-I gene expression: regulation by triiodothyronine and growth hormone. Endocrinology, 125, 2385-2391.
19. Fraser, R.A. & Harvey, S. (1992) Ubiquitous distribution of growth hormone receptors and/or binding proteins in adenohypophyseal tissue. Endocrinology, 130, 3593-3600.
20. Goodyer, C.G., De Stephano, L., Lai, W.H., Guyda, H.J. & Posner, B.I. (1984) Characterization of insulin-like growth factor receptors in rat anterior pituitary, hypothalamus, and brain. Endocrinology, 114, 1187-1195.
21. Greenman, Y., Prager, D. & Melmed, S. (1995) The IGF-I receptor sub-membrane domain is intact in GH-secreting pituitary tumours. Clinical Endocrinology, 42, 169-172.
22. Hagen, T.C., Lawrence, A.M. & Kirsteins, L. (1972) Autoregulation of growth hormone secretion in normal subjects. Metabolism, 21, 603-610.
23. Harris, P.E. (1996) Gs protein mutations and the pathogenesis and function of pituitary tumors. Metabolism, 45, 120-122.
24. Harvey, S. & Fraser, R.A. (1992) Expression and translation of the growth hormone-receptor gene in the guinea-pig. Journal of Endocrinology, 133, 357-362.
25. Harvey, S., Baumbach, W.R., Sadeghi, H. & Sanders, E.J. (1993) Ultrastructural colocalization of growth hormone binding protein and pituitary hormones in adenohypophyseal cells of the rat. Endocrinology, 133, 1125-1130.
26. Hayward, B.E., Barlier, A., Korbonits, M., Grossman, A.B., Jacquet, P., Enjalbert, A. & Bonthron, D.T. (2001) Imprinting of the G (s) alpha gene GNAS1 in the pathogenesis of acromegaly. Journal of Clinical Investigation, 107, R31-R36.
27. Hosoda, H., Kojima, M., Matsuo, H. & Kangawa, K. (2000) Purification and characterization of rat des-Gln14-Ghrelin, a second endogenous ligand for the growth hormone secretagogue receptor. Journal of Biology Chemistry, 275, 21995-22000.
28. Hull, K.L., Fraser, R.A. & Harvey, S. (1992) Expression of the growth hormone receptor gene in chicken pituitary glands. Journal of Endocrinology, 135, 459-468.
29. Jaffe, C.A., Pan, W., Brown, M.B., DeMott-Friberg, R. & Barkan, A.L. (2001) Regulation of GH secretion in acromegaly: reproducibility of daily GH profiles and attenuated negative feedback by IGF-I. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism, 86, 4364-4370.
30. Kaltsas, G.A., Kola, B., Borboli, N., Morris, D.G., Gueorguiev, M., Swords, F.M., Czirjak, S., Kirschner, L.S., Stratakis, C.A., Korbonits, M. & Grossman, A.B. (2002) Sequence analysis of the PRKAR1A gene in sporadic somatotroph and other pituitary tumours. Clinical Endocrinology, 57, 443-448.
31. Kirschner, L.S., Sandrini, F., Monbo, J., Lin, J.P., Carney, J.A. & Stratakis, C.A. (2000) Genetic heterogeneity and spectrum of mutations of the PRKAR1A gene in patients with the carney complex. Human Molecular Genetics, 9, 3037-3046.
32. Kojima, M., Hosoda, H., Date, Y., Nakazato, M., Matsuo, H. & Kangawa, K. (1999) Ghrelin is a growth-hormone-releasing acylated peptide from stomach. Nature, 402, 656-660.
33. Korbonits, M., Chitnis, M.M., Norman, D., Rosenfelder, N., Suliman, M., Jones, T.H., Noonan, K., Fabbri, A., Besser, G.M., Burrin, J.M. & Grossman, A.B. (2001) The release of leptin and its effect on hormone release from human pituitary adenomas. Clinical Endocrinology, 54, 781-789.
34. Kip1 protein and Jab1 (Jun activation domain-binding protein 1) in human pituitary tumors. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism, 87, 2635-2643.
35. Lamberts, S.W. (1988) The role of somatostatin in the regulation of anterior pituitary hormone secretion and the use of its analogs in the treatment of human pituitary tumors. Endocrine Reviews, 9, 417-436.
36. Landis, C.A., Masters, S.B., Spada, A., Pace, A.M., Bourne, H.R. & Vallar, L. (1989) GTPase inhibiting mutations activate the alpha chain of Gs and stimulate adenylyl cyclase in human pituitary tumours. Nature, 340, 692-696.
37. Lanzi, R. & Tannenbaum, G.S. (1992) Time course and mechanism of growth hormone's negative feedback effect on its own spontaneous release. Endocrinology, 130, 780-788.
38. van der Lely, A.J., Hutson, R.K., Trainer, P.J., Besser, G.M., Barkan, A.L., Katznelson, L., Klibanski, A., Herman-Bonert, V., Melmed, S., Vance, M.L., Freda, P.U., Stewart, P.M., Friend, K.E., Clemmons, D.R., Johannsson, G., Stavrou, S., Cook, D.M., Phillips, L.S., Strasburger, C.J., Hackett, S., Zib, K.A., Davis, R.J., Scarlett, J.A. & Thorner, M.O. (2001) Long-term treatment of acromegaly with pegvisomant, a growth hormone receptor antagonist. Lancet, 1754-1759.
39. Lidhar, K., Korbonits, M., Jordan, S., Khalimova, Z., Kaltsas, G., Lu, X., Clayton, R.N., Jenkins, P.J., Monson, J.P., Besser, G.M., Lowe, D.G. & Grossman, A.B. (1999) Low expression of the cell cycle inhibitor p27Kip1 in normal corticotroph cells, corticotroph tumors, and malignant pituitary tumors. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism, 84, 3823-3830.
40. Mendelson, W.B., Jacobs, L.S. & Gillin, J.C. (1983) Negative feedback suppression of sleep-related growth hormone secretion. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism, 56, 486-488.
41. Mertani, H.C. & Morel, G. (1995) In situ gene expression of growth hormone (GH) receptor and GH binding protein in adult male rat tissues. Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology, 109, 47-61.
42. Mertani, H.C., Waters, M.J., Jambou, R., Gossard, F. & Morel, G. (1994) Growth hormone receptor binding protein in rat anterior pituitary. Neuroendocrinology, 59, 483-494.
43. Mertani, H.C., Pechoux, C., Garcia-Caballero, T., Waters, M.J. & Morel, G. (1995) Cellular localization of the growth hormone receptor/binding protein in the human anterior pituitary gland. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism, 80, 3361-3367.
44. Nakamoto, J.M., Gertner, J.M., Press, C.M., Hintz, R.L., Rosenfeld, R.G. & Genel, M. (1986) Suppression of the growth hormone (GH) response to clonidine and GH-releasing hormone by exogenous GH. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism, 62, 822-826.
45. Otsuka, F., Tamiya, T., Yamauchi, T., Ogura, T., Ohmoto, T. & Makino, H. (1999) Quantitative analysis of growth-related factors in human pituitary adenomas. Lowered insulin-like growth factor-I and its receptor mRNA in growth hormone-producing adenomas. Regulatory Peptides, 83, 31-38.
46. Petersenn, S., Heyens, M., Ludecke, D.K., Beil, F.U. & Schulte, H.M. (2000) Absence of somatostatin receptor type 2 A mutations and gip oncogene in pituitary somatotroph adenomas. Clinical Endocrinology, 52, 35-42.
47. Petersenn, S., Aschmann, D., Ludecke, D.K., Beil, F.U. & Schulte, H.M. (2001) Absence of mutations of the growth hormone secretagogue receptor in somatotrophic pituitary adenomas. Proceedings of the 83rd Annual Meeting of the Endocrine Society, Denver, CO, P1-95 (Abstract).
48. Pontiroli, A.E., Lanzi, R., Monti, L.D., Sandoli, E. & Pozza, G. (1991) Growth hormone (GH) autofeedback on GH response to GH-releasing hormone. Role of free fatty acids and somatostatin. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism, 72, 492-495.
49. Rosenthal, S.M., Silverman, B.L. & Wehrenberg, W.B. (1991) Exogenous growth hormone inhibits bovine but not murine pituitary growth hormone secretion in vitro: evidence for a direct feedback of growth hormone on the pituitary. Neuroendocrinology, 53, 597-600.
50. Ross, R.J., Borges, F., Grossman, A., Smith, R., Ngahfoong, L., Rees, L.H., Savage, M.O. & Besser, G.M. (1987a) Growth hormone pretreatment in man blocks the response to growth hormone-releasing hormone; evidence for a direct effect of growth hormone. Clinical Endocrinology, 26, 117-123.
51. Ross, R.J., Tsagarakis, S., Grossman, A., Nhagafoong, L., Touzel, R.J., Rees, L.H. & Besser, G.M. (1987b) GH feedback occurs through modulation of hypothalamic somatostatin under cliolinergic control: studies with pyridostigmine and GHRH. Clinical Endocrinology, 27, 727-733.
52. Salvatori, R., Thakker, R.V., Lopes, M.B., Fan, X., Eswara, J.R., Ellison, D., Lees, P., Harding, B., Yang, I. & Levine, M.A. (2001) Absence of mutations in the growth hormone (GH)-releasing hormone receptor gene in GH-secreting pituitary adenomas. Clinical Endocrinology, 54, 301-307.
53. Tannenbaum, G.S. (1980) Evidence for autoregulation of growth hormone secretion via the central nervous system. Endocrinology, 107, 2117-2120.
54. Tannenbaum, G.S., Guyda, H.J. & Posner, B.I. (1983) Insulin-like growth factors: a role in growth hormone negative feedback and body weight regulation via brain. Science, 220, 77-79.
55. Tricarico, C., Pinzani, P., Bianchi, S., Paglierani, M., Distante, V., Pazzagli, M., Bustin, S.A. & Orlando, C. (2002) Quantitative real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction: normalization to rRNA or single housekeeping genes is inappropriate for human tissue biopsies. Analytical Biochemistry, 309, 293-300.
56. Veldhuis, J.D., Bidlingmaier, M., Anderson, S.M., Wu, Z. & Strasburger, C.J. (2001) Lowering total plasma insulin-like growth factor I concentrations by way of a novel, potent, and selective growth hormone (GH) receptor antagonist, pegvisomant (B2036-peg), augments the amplitude of GH secretory bursts and elevates basal/nonpulsatile GH release in healthy women and men. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology Metabolism, 86, 3304-3310.
57. Willoughby, J.O., Menadue, M., Zeegers, P., Wise, P.H. & Oliver, J.R. (1980) Effects of human growth hormone on the secretion of rat growth hormone. Journal of Endocrinology, 86, 165-169.
58. Yamashita, S. & Melmed, S. (1987) Insulinlike growth factor I regulation of growth hormone gene transcription in primary rat pituitary cells. Journal of Clinical Investigation, 79, 449-452.
59. Yamashita, S., Weiss, M. & Melmed, S. (1986) Insulin-like growth factor I regulates growth hormone secretion and messenger ribonucleic acid levels in human pituitary tumor cells. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism, 63, 730-735.