The development and testing of the PATCOA to assess pain in confused older adults

Pain Management Nursing

Volumn 4, Issue 2, 2003, Pages 77-86

  Decker, Sheila A ^a   Perry, Anne G ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF IOWA COLLEGE OF NURSING   (United States)

^b SAINT LOUIS UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF NURSING   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ACUTE DISEASE; ADULT; AGED; AGING; AWARENESS; COGNITION; CONFUSION; CONTROLLED STUDY; CORRELATION FUNCTION; DEMOGRAPHY; ELDERLY CARE; FACTORIAL ANALYSIS; FEMALE; HUMAN; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; MEDICAL ASSESSMENT; NONVERBAL COMMUNICATION; ORTHOPEDIC SURGERY; PAIN ASSESSMENT; PSYCHOMETRY; RACE DIFFERENCE; RATING SCALE; RELIABILITY; REVIEW; SCORING SYSTEM; SELF REPORT; SEX DIFFERENCE; VISUAL ANALOG SCALE;

EID: 0041308321     PISSN: 15249042     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S1524-9042(02)54209-0     Document Type: Article

References (54)

1. American Psychiatric Association. (1994). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (4th ed.). Washington, DC.
2. Bandura, A. (1969). Principles of behavior modification. New York: Rinehart & Winston.
3. Bell, M. L. (1997). Postoperative pain management for the cognitively impaired older adult. Seminars in Perioperative Nursing, 6, 37-41.
4. Berry, P. H., & Dahl, J. L. (2000). The new JCAHO pain standards: Implications for pain management nurses. Pain Management Nursing, 1, 3-12.
5. Billig, N., Ahmed, S. W., Kenmore, P., Amaral, D., & Shakhashiri, M. Z. (1986). Assessment of depression and cognitive impairment after hip fracture. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 34, 499-503.
6. Broadman, L. M., Rice, L. J., & Hannallah, R. S. (1988). Testing the validity of an Objective Pain Scale for infants and children. Anesthesiology, 69, A770.
7. Celia, B. (2000). Age and gender difference in pain management following coronary artery bypass surgery. Journal of Gerontological Nursing, 26 (5), 7-13.
8. Chambers, W. G., & Price, G. G. (1967). Influence of nurse upon effects of analgesics administered. Nursing Research, 16, 228-233.
9. Decker, S. A. (2002). Nonverbal cues of postoperative pain among acutely confused older adults. (under revision).
10. Dixon, J. K. (1997). Grouping techniques. In: B. H. Munro (Ed.), Statistical methods for health care research (pp. 310-341). Philadelphia: Lippincott.
11. Feldt, K. S., Ryden, M. B., & Miles, S. (1998). Treatment of pain in cognitively impaired compared with cognitively intact older patients with hip-fracture. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 46, 1079-1085.
12. Feldt, K. S. (2000). The Checklist of Nonverbal Pain Indicators (CNPI). Pain Management Nursing, 1, 13-21.
13. Francis, F. (1992). Delirium in older patients. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 40, 829-838.
14. Gagliese, L., & Melzack, R. (1997). The assessment of pain in the elderly. In: D. I. Mostofsky & J. Lomranz (Eds.), Handbook of pain and aging (pp. 69-96). New York and London: Plenum Press.
15. Gueldner, S. H., & Hanner, M. B. (1989). Methodological issues related to gerontological nursing research. Nursing Research, 38, 183-185.
16. Gustafson, Y., Brannstrom, B., Norberg, A., Bucht, G., & Winblad, B. (1991). Underdiagnosis and poor documentation of acute confusional states in elderly hip fractures. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 39, 760-765.
17. Herr, K. A., & Mobily, P. R. (1991). Complexities of pain assessment in the elderly: Clinical considerations. Journal of Gerontological Nursing, 17 (4), 12-19.
18. Herr, K. A., & Mobily, P. R. (1993). Comparison of selected pain assessment tools for use with the elderly. Applied Nursing Research, 6, 39-46.
19. Hurley, A. C., Volicer, B. J., Hanrahan, P. A., Houde, S., & Volicer, L. (1992). Assessment of discomfort in advanced alzheimer patients. Research in Nursing and Health, 15, 369-377.
20. Inouye, S. K. (2001). Delirium after hip fracture: To be or not to be? Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 49, 678-679.
21. Jacobson, S. A. (1997). Delirium in the elderly. Psychiatric Clinics of North America, 20, 91-111.
22. Krechel, S., & Bildner, J. (1995). CRIES: A new neonatal postoperative pain measurement score. Initial testing of validity and reliability. Paediatric Anaesthesia, 5, 53-61.
23. Marcantonio, E. R., Flacker, J. M., Wright, R. J., & Resnick, N. M. (2001). Reducing delirium after hip fracture: A randomized trial. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 49, 516-522.
24. McDonald, D. B. (1994). Gender and ethnic stereotyping and narcotic analgesic administration. Research in Nursing and Health, 17, 45-49.
25. McGrath, P. J., Johnson, G., Goodman, J. T., Schillinger, J., Dunn, J., & Chapman, J. A. (1985). CHEOPS: A behavioral scale for rating postoperative pain in children. In: H.L. Fields R. Dubner & F. Cervero (Eds.), Advances in pain research and therapy, (Vol. 9). (pp. 395-402). New York: Raven Press.
26. Merkel, S. I., Voepel-Lewis, T., Shayevitz, J. R., & Maliviya, S. (1997). The FLACC: A behavioral scale for scoring postoperative pain in young children. Pediatric Nursing, 23, 293-297.
27. Miller, J., Neelon, V., Dalton, J., Ng'andu, N., Bailey, D., Layman, E., & Hosfeld, A. (1996a). The assessment of discomfort in elderly confused patients: A preliminary study. Journal of Neuroscience Nursing, 28, 175-182.
28. Miller, J., Moore, K., Schofield, A., & Ng'andu, N. (1996b). A study of discomfort and confusion among elderly surgical patients. Orthopaedic Nursing, 15 (6), 27-34.
29. Mullen, J. O., & Mullen, N. L. (1992). Hip fracture mortality. Clinical Orthopedics and Related Research, 280, 214-222.
30. Neelon, V. J., Champagne, M. T., Carlson, J. R., & Funk, S. G. (1996). The NEECHAM Confusion Scale: Construction, validation, and clinical testing. Nursing Research, 45, 324-330.
31. Norden, J., Hannallah, R., Getson, P., O'Donnell, R., Kelliher, G., & Walker, N. (1991a). Reliability of an Objective Pain Scale. Anesthesia and Analgesia, 72, S200.
32. Norden, J., Hannallah, R., Getson, P., O'Donnell, R., Kelliher, G., & Walker, N. (1991b). Concurrent validation of an Objective Pain Scale for infants and children. Anesthesiology, 75, A934.
33. Nunnally, J. C., & Bernstein, I. H. (1994). Psychometric theory. (3rd ed). New York: McGraw-Hill.
34. Parke, B. (1992). Pain in the cognitively impaired elderly. The Canadian Nurse, 88 (7), 17-20.
35. Pasero, C. L., & McCaffery, M. (1996). Managing postoperative pain in the elderly. American Journal of Nursing, 96 (10), 38-45.
36. Polit, D. F., & Hungler, B. H. (1999). Nursing research: Principles and methods. (6th ed). Philadelphia: Lippincott.
37. Puntillo, K., & Weiss, S. J. (1994). Pain: Its mediators and associated morbidity in critically ill cardiovascular surgical patients. Nursing Research, 43, 31-36.
38. Raway, B. (1993). Pain behaviors and confusion in elderly patients with hip fracture. (Doctoral dissertation, Catholic University of America, 1993). Dissertation Abstracts International, 55, 02B. (University Microfilms No. AA194-18593).
39. Robertson, J. (1993). Pediatric pain assessment: Validation of a multidimensional tool. Pediatric Nursing, 19, 209-213.
40. Schade, J. G., Joyce, B. A., Gerkensmeyer, J., & Keck, J. F. (1996). Comparison of three preverbal scales for postoperative pain assessment in a diverse pediatric sample. Journal of Pain and Symptom Management, 12, 348-359.
41. Strickland, O. L. (1998). Practical measurement. Journal of Nursing Management, 6, 107-109.
42. Strickland, O. L. (2000). Deleting items during instrument development-some caveats. Journal of Nursing Measurement, 8, 103-104.
43. Tarbell, S. E., Cohen, I. T., & Marsh, J. L. (1992). The toddler-preschooler postoperative pain scale: An observational scale for measuring postoperative pain in children aged 1-5. Preliminary report. Pain, 50, 273-280.
44. Tucker, K. L. (2001). A new risk emerges: Provider accountability for inadequate treatment of pain. Annals of Long-Term Care, 9 (4), 52-55.
45. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (1992). Acute pain management: Operative or medical procedures and trauma (AHCPR, Publication No. 92-0032), Rockville, MD: Author.
46. Vallerand, A. H, & Polomano, R. C (2000). The relationship of gender to pain. Pain Management Nursing, 1 ((3), Suppl. 1), 8-15.
47. Wachter-Shikora, N. L. (1983). The elderly patient in pain and the acute care setting. Nursing Clinics of North America, 18, 395-401.
48. Waltz, C. F., Strickland, O. L., & Lenz, E. R. (1991). Measurement in nursing research. (2nd ed). Philadelphia: F. A. Davis.
49. Wewers, M. E., & Lowe, N. K. (1990). A critical review of visual analogue scales in the measurement of clinical phenomena. Research in Nursing and Health, 13, 227-236.
50. Williams, M. A., Holloway, J. R., Winn, M. C., Wolanin, M. O., Lawler, M. L., Westwick, C. R., & Chin, M. H. (1979). Nursing activities and acute confusional states. Nursing Research, 28, 25-35.
51. Williams, M. A., Campbell, E. B., Raynor, W. J., Mlynarczyk, S. M., & Ward, S. E. (1985). Reducing acute confusional states in elderly patients with hip fractures. Research in Nursing and Health, 8, 329-337.
52. Williams-Russo, P., Urquhart, B. L., Sharrock, N. E., & Carlson, M. E. (1992). Post-operative delirium: Predictors and prognosis in elderly orthopedic patients. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 40, 759-767.
53. Wong, J., Wong, S., & Brooks, E. (2002). A study of hospital recovery pattern of acutely confused older adults following hip surgery. Journal of Orthopedic Nursing, 6 (2), 68-78.
54. Yehuda, S., & Carasso, R.L. (1997). A brief history of pain perception and pain tolerance in aging. In: D. I. Mostofsky & J. Lomranz (Eds.), Handbook of pain and aging (pp. 19-35). New York and London: Plenum Press.