Do media influence learning? Revisiting the debate in the context of distance education

Open Learning

Volumn 11, Issue 1, 1996, Pages 31-40

  Carter, Vicki ^a  

^a PENNSYLVANIA STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 0041292542     PISSN: 02680513     EISSN: 14699958     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/0268051960110104     Document Type: Article

References (55)

1. APPLE, M., 1993. Official knowledge: Democratic education in a conservative age, New York: Routledge.
2. BELENKY, M., CLINCHY, B., GOLDBERGER, N., and TARULE, J., 1986. Women's ways of knowing, New York: Basic Books.
3. BOK, D., 1985. May-June. President's report to the Harvard Board of Overseers, 1983-84. Harvard Magazine,: 29–38.
4. BRIGGS, J., and PEAT, F., 1989. Turbulent mirror, New York: Harper & Row.
5. BRUNER, J., 1966. Toward a theory of instruction, Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
6. CLARK, F., and ANGERT, J., 1981. Teacher commitment to instructional design: The problem of media selection and use. Educational Technology, 21(5): 9–15.
7. CLARK, R., 1982. Review of media in instruction: 60 years of research. Educational Communication and Technology Journal, 30(1): 60
8. CLARK, R., 1983. Reconsidering research on learning from media. Review of Educational Research, 53: 445–459.
9. CLARK, R., 1985. Confounding in educational computing research. Journal of Educational Computing Research, 1(2): 445–460.
10. CLARK, R., 1991. When researchers swim upstream: Reflections on an unpopular argument about learning from media. Educational Technology, 31(2): 34–38.
11. CLARK, R., 1994. Media will never influence learning. Educational Technology Research and Development, 42(2): 21–29.
12. DEWEY, J., 1963. Experience and Education, London: Collier.
13. DUNING, E., 1987. Independent study in higher education: A captive of legendary resilience. The American Journal of Distance Education, 1(1): 37–46.
14. EDWARDS, R., 1994. From a distance? Globalisation, space-time compression and distance education. Open Learning, 9(3): 9–17.
15. EVANS, T., and NATION, D., 1993. “ Educational technologies: reforming open and distance education ”. In Reforming Open and Distance Education: Critical Reflections from Practice, Edited by: EVANS, T., and NATION, D., 196–214. New York: St. Martin's Press.
16. FISKE, J., 1986. June. Television and popular culture. Critical studies in mass communication 3,: 200
17. GIBSON, J., 1979. The ecological approach to visual perception, Boston: Houghton-Mifflin.
18. GIROUX, H., 1992. Border crossings, New York: Routledge.
19. GRANGER, D., 1990. “ Bridging distances to the individual learner ”. In Contemporary Issues in American Distance Education, Edited by: MOORE, M., 163–171. Oxford: Pergamon.
20. GUNAWARDENA, C., 1992. Changing faculty roles for audiographics and online teaching. The American Journal of Distance Education, 6(3): 58–71.
21. HAWKRIDGE, D., 1991. Challenging educational technology. Educational Training and Technology International, 28(2): 102–110.
22. HILLMAN, D., WILLIS, D., and GUNAWARDENA, C., 1994. Learner-interface interaction in distance education: An extension of contemporary models and strategies for practitioners. The American Journal of Distance Education, 8(2): 30–42.
23. HOLMBERG, B., 1981. Status and trends of distance education, London: Kogan Page.
24. JONASSEN, D., CAMPBELL, J., and DAVIDSON, M., 1994. Learning with media: Restructuring the Debate. Educational Technology Research and Development, 42(2): 31–39.
25. KELLER, E., 1984. Reflections on gender and science, New Haven: Yale University Press.
26. KIZZIER, D., and LAVIN, R., 1993. A research agenda for technologically mediated instructional strategies in adult education. Proceedings of the 34th Annual Adult Education Research Conference,: 155–160.
27. KOZMA, R., 1991. Learning with media. Review of Educational Research, 61: 179–212.
28. KOZMA, R., 1994. Will media influence learning? Reframing the debate. Educational Technology Research and Development, 42(2): 7–19.
29. KULIK, J., BANGERT, R., and WILLIAMS, G., 1983. Effects of computer-based teaching on secondary school students. Journal of Educational Psychology, 75: 19–26.
30. KULIK, J., KULIK, C.-L., and BANGERT-DROWNS, R., 1985. The importance of outcome studies: A reply to Clark. Educational Computing Systems, 1: 381–386.
31. LEWIS, L., 1989. “ New educational technologies for the future ”. In Handbook of Adult and Continuing Education, Edited by: MERRIAM, S., and CUNNINGHAM, P., 613–627. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
32. LOCATIS, C., CHARUHAS, J., and BANVARD, R., 1989. Hypervideo. Educational Technology Research and Development, 38(2): 41–49.
33. LONGINO, H., 1993. “ Subjects, power and knowledge: Description and prescription in feminist philosophies of science ”. In Feminist Epistemologies, Edited by: ALCOFF, L., and POTTER, E., 101–120. New York: Routledge.
34. LUMSDAINE, A., 1963. “ Instruments and media of instruction ”. In Handbook of Research on Teaching, Edited by: GAGE, N., 583–682. Chicago: Rand McNally.
35. MIELKE, K., 1968. Asking the right ETV research questions. Educational Broadcasting Review, 2(6): 54–61.
36. MOORE, M., 1989. Editorial: Three types of interaction. The American Journal of Education, 3(2): 1–6.
37. MOORE, M., 1993. “ Theory of transactional distance ”. In Theoretical Principles of Distance Education, Edited by: KEEGAN, D., 22–38. New York: Routledge.
38. NORTON, P., 1992a. When technology meets the subject-matter disciplines in education. Part one: Exploring the computer as metaphor. Educational Technology, 32(6): 38–46.
39. NORTON, P., 1992b. When technology meets the subject-matter disciplines in education. Part two: Understanding the computer as discourse. Educational Technology, 32(7): 36–46.
40. NORTON, P., 1992c. When technology meets the subject-matter disciplines in education. Part three: Incorporating the computer as method. Educational Technology, 32(8): 35–44.
41. POSTMAN, N., 1985. Amusing ourselves to death: Public discourse in the age of show business, New York: Penguin.
42. REISER, R., and GAGNE, R., 1983. Selecting media for instruction, Englewood Cliffs, N.J: Educational Technology Publications.
43. SCHRAMM, W., 1977. Big media, little media, Beverly Hills, CA.: Sage Publications.
44. SIMON, R., 1992. Teaching against the grain: Texts for a pedagogy of possibility, New York: Bergin & Garvey.
45. SIMPSON, M., 1994. Neurophysiological considerations related to interactive multimedia. Educational Technology Research and Development, 42(1): 75–81.
46. SOLOMON, G., 1984. Television is ‘easy’ and print is ‘tough’: The differential investment of mental effort in learning as a function of perception attributions. Journal of Educational Psychology, 76: 647–658.
47. STIX, G., 1993. Domesticating cyberspace. Scientific American, 269(2): 100–110.
48. STONE, H., 1990. “ Economic development and technology transfer: Implications for video-based distance education ”. In Contemporary Issues in American Distance Education, Edited by: MOORE, M., 231–242. Oxford: Pergamon.
49. THRELKELD, R., and BRZOSKA, K., 1994. “ Research in distance education ”. In Distance Education: Strategies and Tools, Edited by: WILLIS, B., 41–66. Englewood Cliffs, NJ.: Educational Technology Publications.
50. VERDUIN, J., Jr. and CLARK, T., 1991. Distance education: The foundations of effective practice, San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
51. WAGNER, E., 1990. “ Instructional design and development: Contingency management for distance education ”. In Contemporary Issues in American Distance Education, Edited by: MOORE, M., 298–312. Oxford: Pergamon.
52. WAGNER, E., 1994. In support of a functional definition of interaction. The American Journal of Distance Education, 8(2): 6–27.
53. WAJCMAN, J., 1991. Feminism confronts technology, Cambridge: Polity.
54. WALKER, R., 1993. “ Open learning and the media: Transformation of education in times of change ”. In Reforming Open and Distance Education: Critical Reflections from Practice, Edited by: EVANS, T., and NATION, D., 15–35. New York: St. Martin's Press.
55. WHITTINGTON, N., 1987. Is instructional television educationally effective? A research review. The American Journal of Distance Education, 1(1): 47–57.