Manufacturing Firms in Developing Countries: How Well Do They Do, and Why?

Journal of Economic Literature

Volumn 38, Issue 1, 2000, Pages 11-44

  Tybout, James R ^a  

^a NONE

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 0041160785     PISSN: 00220515     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1257/jel.38.1.11     Document Type: Article

References (151)

1. Abbott, T. A.; Zvi Griliches, and Jerry Hausman. 1989. "Short Run Movements in Productivity: Market Power versus Capacity Utilization," Harvard U.
2. Aitken, Brian; Gordon Hanson, and Ann Harrison. 1997. "Spillovers, Foreign Investment and Export Behavior," J. Int. Econ., 43:1-2, pp. 103-32.
3. Aitken, Brian and Ann Harrison. Forthcoming. "Do Domestic Firms Benefit from Foreign Direct Investment? Evidence from Panel Data," Amer. Econ. Rev.
4. Aw, Bee-Yan and Geeta Batra. 1998. "Technological Capability and Firm Efficiency in Taiwan (China)," World Bank Econ. Rev., 12:1, pp. 59-80.
5. Aw, Bee-Yan and Amy Hwang. 1995. "Productivity and the Export Market: A Firm-Level Analysis," J. Devel. Econ., 47, pp. 313-32.
6. Aw, Bee-Yan; Xiaomin Chen, and Mark Roberts. 1997. "Firm-level Evidence on Productivity Differentials, Turnover, and Exports in Taiwanese Manufacturing," NBER Working Paper 6235.
7. Baldwin, John; Timothy Dunne, and John Haltiwanger. 1998. "A Comparison of Job Creation and Job Destruction in Canada and the United States," Rev. Econ. Statist., 80:3, pp. 347-56.
8. Banarji, Ranadev. 1978. "Average Size of Plants in Manufacturing and Capital Intensity: A Cross-Country Analysis by Industry," J. Devel. Econ., 5, pp. 155-66.
9. Basant, Rakesh and Brian Fikkert. 1996. "The Effects of R&D, Foreign Technology Purchase, and Domestic and International Spillovers on Productivity in Indian Firms," Rev. Econ. Statist., 78:2, pp. 187-99.
10. Batra, Geeta and Hong Tan. 1997. "Technology and Firm Size-Wage Differentials in Colombia, Mexico, and Taiwan (China)," World Bank Econ. Rev., 11:1, pp. 59-83.
11. Bernard, Andrew and Brad Jensen. 1999. "Exceptional Exporter Performance: Cause, Effects, or Both?" J. Int. Econ., 47:1, pp. 1-26.
12. Bhavani, T. A. 1991. "Technical Efficiency in Indian Modern Small Scale Sector: An Application of Frontier Production Function," Indian Econ. Rev., 31, pp. 149-66.
13. Biggs, Tyler; Manju Shah, and Pradeep Srivastava. 1995. "Technological Capabilities and Learning in African Enterprises," Africa Tech. Dept. Series, Paper 288, World Bank.
14. Biggs, Tyler and Pradeep Srivastava. 1996. "Structural Aspects of Manufacturing in Sub-Saharan Africa: Findings from a Seven-Country Enterprise Survey," World Bank Discussion Paper 346.
15. Bigsten, Arne; Paul Collier, Stefan Dercon, Bernard Gauthier, Jan Gunning, Anders Isaksson, Abena Oduro, Remco Oostendorp, Cathy Pattillo, Mans Soderbom, Michel Sylvain, Francis Teal, and Albert Zeufack. 1997. "Exports and Firm-Level Efficiency in the African Manufacturing Sector," School of Business, U. Montreal.
16. Blomstrom, Magnus and Ari Kokko. 1997. "How Foreign Investment Affects Host Countries," World Bank PRD Working Paper 1745.
17. Brown, Drucilla; Alan Deardorff, and Robert Stern. 1991. "A North American Free Trade Agreement: Analytical Issues and a Computational Assessment," Econ. Dept., Tufts U.
18. Bruch, Mathias and Ulrich Hiemenz. 1984. Small-and Medium-Scale Industries in the ASEAN Countries: Agents or Victims of Economic Development? Boulder, CO: Westview Press.
19. Brunetti, Aymo; Gregory Kisunko, and Beatrice Weder. 1997. "Institutional Obstacles to Doing Business: Region-by-Region Results from a Worldwide Survey of the Private Sector," World Bank PRD Working Paper 1759.
20. Caballero, Ricardo and Richard Lyons. 1990. "Internal versus External Returns to Scale in European Industry," Europ. Econ. Rev., 34, pp. 805-30.
21. Cable, John and Joachim Schwalbach. 1991. "International Comparisons of Entry and Exit," in Entry and Market Contestability: An International Comparison. Paul Geroski and Joachim Schwalbach, eds. Oxford: Basil-Blackwell.
22. Caves, Richard. 1998. "Industrial Organization and New Findings on the Turnover and Mobility of Firms," J. Econ. Lit., 36:4, pp. 1947-82.
23. Caves, Richard; Sheryl D. Bailey, et al. 1992. Industrial Efficiency in Six Nations. Cambridge and London: MIT Press.
24. Chen, Tain-jy and De-piao Tang. 1987. "Comparing Technical Efficiency Between Import-Substitution-Oriented and Export-Oriented Foreign Firms in a Developing Country," J. Devel. Econ., 36, pp. 277-89.
25. Chen, Xiaomin. 1997. "Resource Reallocation, Productivity Dynamics and Industrial Evolution: Evidence from the Taiwanese Manufacturing Sector, 1981-91," Unpublished dissertation, Pennsylvania State U.
26. Chung, Sukkyan. 1999. "Plant Turnover and Productivity Dynamics in Production and Export Markets: South Korea, 1983-1993," Unpublished dissertation, Pennsylvania State U.
27. Clerides, Sofronis; Saul Lach, and James Tybout. 1998. "Is Learning-by-Exporting Important? Micro-Dynamic Evidence from Colombia, Mexico and Morocco," Quart. J. Econ., 113:3, pp. 903-47.
28. Corbo, Vittorio and Jaime de Melo. 1986. "Measuring Technical Efficiency: A Comparison of Alternative Methodologies with Census Data," in Measurement Issues and Behavior of Productivity Variables. Ali Dogramaci, ed. Boston: Kluwer Nijhoff Publishing.
29. Corden, W. Max. 1974. Trade Policy and Economic Welfare. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
30. Cortes, Mariluz; Albert Berry, and Ashfaq Ishaq. 1987. Success in Small and Medium-Scale Enterprises: The Evidence from Colombia. NY: Oxford U. Press.
31. Cox-Edwards, Alejandra. 1993. "Labor Market Legislation in Latin America and the Caribbean," Latin America/Caribbean Tech. Dept., Report 31, Region Studies Program, World Bank.
32. Cunningham, Wendy and William Maloney. 1998. "Heterogeneity in Small Scale LDC Enterprises: The Mexican Case," processed paper, The World Bank.
33. Dahse, Fernando. 1979. Mapa de la Extrema Riqueza: Los Grupos Economicos y el Proceso de Concentracion de Capitales. Santiago: Editorilal Aconcagua.
34. de Melo, Jaime and David Roland-Hoist. 1991. "Industrial Organization and Trade Liberalization: Evidence from Korea," In Empirical Studies of Commercial Policy. Robert Baldwin, ed. Chicago: U. Chicago Press for NBER.
35. de Soto, Hernando. 1989. The Other Path: The Invisible Revolution in the Third World. NY: Harper-Row.
36. Devarajan, Shanta and Dani Rodrik. 1991. "Procompetitive Effects of Trade Reforms: Results from a CGE Model of Cameroon," Europ. Econ. Rev., 35, pp. 1157-84.
37. Dixit, Avinash and Robert Pindyck. 1994. Investment Under Uncertainty. Princeton: Princeton U. Press.
38. Dunne, Timothy; Mark Roberts, and Larry Samuelson. 1988. "Patterns of Firm Entry and Exit in U.S. Manufacturing Industries," RAND J. Econ., 19:4, pp. 495-515.
39. _. 1989. "Plant Turnover and Gross Employment Flows in the U.S. Sector," J. Lab. Econ., 7:1, pp. 48-71.
40. Dutz, Mark. 1996. "Oligopolistic Firms' Adjustment to Quota Liberalization: Theory and Evidence," in Mark Roberts and James Tybout, eds., op cit.
41. Ericson, Richard and Ariel Pakes. 1995. "Markov-Perfect Industry Dynamics: A Framework for Empirical Work," Rev. Econ. Stud., 62, pp. 53-82.
42. Erzan, Refik; K. Kuwahar, Sarafino Marchese, and Renee Vossenaar. 1989. "The Profile of Protection in Developing Countries," UNCTAD Rev., 1:1, pp. 29-49.
43. Evenson, Robert and Larry Westphal. 1995. "Technological Change and Technology Strategy," in Handbook of Development Economics, Vol. 3. T. N. Srinivasan and Jere Behrman, eds. Amsterdam: North-Holland.
44. Feenstra, Robert; James Markusen, and William Zeile. 1992. "Accounting for Growth with New Inputs: Theory and Evidence," Amer. Econ. Rev. (Papers and Proceedings), 82, pp. 415-21.
45. Fikkert, Brian and Rana Hassan. 1996. "Returns to Scale in a Highly Regulated Economy: Evidence from Indian Firms," IRIS India Working Paper 12, U. Maryland.
46. Fisher, Franklin and John McGowan. 1983. "On the Misuse of Accounting Rates of Return to Infer Monopoly Profits," Amer. Econ. Rev., 73-1 pp. 82-97.
47. Foroutan, Faezeh. 1996. "Turkey, 1976-85: Foreign Trade, Industrial Productivity, and Competition," in Mark Roberts and James Tybout, eds., op cit.
48. Gauthier, Bernard and Mark Gersovitz. 1997. "Revenue Erosion Through Tax Exemption and Evasion in Poor Countries," J. Public Econ., 64:3, pp. 404-24.
49. Greene William. 1993. "Frontier Production Functions," Working Paper EC-93-20, Stern School of Business, NYU.
50. Griliches, Zvi and Haim Regev. 1995. "Firm Productivity in Israeli Industry," J. Econometrics, 65, pp. 175-203.
51. Grossrnan, Gene, ed. 1992. Imperfect Competition and International Trade. MIT Press Readings in Economics. Cambridge and London: MIT Press.
52. Grossman, Gene and Elhanan Helpman. 1991. Innovation and Growth in the World Economy. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
53. Haddad, Mona. 1993. "How Trade Liberalization F Affected Productivity in Morocco," PRD Working Paper 1096, World Bank.
54. Haddad, Mona and Ann Harrison. 1993. "Are There Positive Spillovers from Direct Foreign Investment? Evidence from Panel Data for Morocco," J. Devel. Econ., 42, pp. 51-74.
55. Hall, Robert E. 1988. "The Relation between Price and Marginal Cost in U.S. Industry," J. Polit. Econ., 96, pp. 921-47.
56. Handoussa, Heba; Mieko Nishimizu, and John Page. 1986. "Productivity Change in Egyptian Public Sector Industries after the 'Opening,' 1973-1979," J. Devel. Econ., 20:1, pp. 53-73.
57. Harrison, Ann. 1994. "Productivity, Imperfect Competition, and Trade Reform: Theory and Evidence," J. Int. Econ., 36, pp. 53-73.
58. _. 1996. "Determinants and Effects of Foreign Direct Investment in Cote d'Ivoire, Morocco, and Venezuela," in Mark Roberts and James Tybout, eds., op cit.
59. Hausmann, Ricardo and Micheal Gavin. 1996. "Securing Stability and Growth in a Shock-Prone Region: The Policy Challenge for Latin America," in Securing Stability and Growth in Latin America: Policy Issues and Prospects for Shock-Prone Economies. Hausmann and Helmut Reisen, eds. Paris: OECD.
60. Head, Keith, and John Ries. 1999. "Rationalization Effects of Tariff Reductions," J. Int. Econ., 42:7, pp. 295-320.
61. Helpman, Elhanan and Paul Krugman. 1985. Market Structure and Foreign Trade: Increasing Returns, Imperfect Competition and the International Economy. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
62. Henderson, Vernon and Ari Kuncoro. 1996. "Industrial Centralization in Indonesia," World Bank Econ. Rev., 10:3, pp. 513-40.
63. Hill, Hal and K.P. Kalirajan. 1993. "Small Enterprise and Firm-Level Technical Efficiency in the Indonesian Garment Industry," Appl. Econ., 25, pp. 1137-44.
64. Ho, Sam P. S. 1980. Small Scale Enterprises in Korea and Taiwan. World Bank Staff Working Paper 384.
65. Hopenhayn, Hugo. 1992. "Entry, Exit and Firm Dynamics in Long-Run Equilibrium," Econometrica, 60, pp. 1127-50.
66. Hopenhayn, Hugo and Richard Rogerson. 1993 "Job Turnover and Policy Evaluation: A General Equilibrium Analysis," J. Polit. Econ., 101:5, pp. 915-38.
67. Hunt, Julie and James Tybout. 1997. "Does Promoting High Tech Products Spur Development?" Processed paper, Georgetown U.
68. INEGI. 1995. XIV Censo Industrial. Aguas Calientes, Mexico: Instituto Nacional de Estadistica Geografia e Infomatica.
69. Jones, Charles. 1995. "R&D-Based Models of Economic Growth," J. Polit. Econ., 103, pp. 759-84.
70. Jovanovic, Boyan. 1982. "Selection and the Evolution of Industry," Econometrica, 50, pp. 649-70.
71. Kalirajan, K.P. and Y.K. Tse. 1989. "Technical Efficiency Measures for the Malaysian Food Manufacturing Industry," Developing Econ., 27, pp. 174-84.
72. Keller, Wolfgang. 1996. "Absorptive Capacity: On the Creation and Acquisition of Technology in Development," J. Devel. Econ., 49:1, pp. 199-227.
73. Klein, Emilio and Victor Tokman. 1996. Regulation and the Informal Economy. Boulder: Rienner Publishers.
74. Kokko, Ari; Ruben Tansini, and Mario Zejan. 1997. "Trade Regimes and Spillover Effects of FDI: Evidence From Uruguay," Stockholm School Econ.
75. Kraay, Aart. 1997. "Exports and Economic Performance: Evidence from a Panel of Chinese Enterprises," World Bank Development Econ. Dept.
76. Krishna, Pravin and Devashish Mitra. 1997. "Trade Liberalization, Market Discipline, and Productivity Growth: New Evidence from India," Brown U.
77. Krizan, Cornell J. 1997. "External Economies of Scale in Chile, Mexico, and Morocco: Evidence from Plant-Level Data," Ph.D. dissertation, Georgetown U. Econ. Dept.
78. Krugman, Paul. 1979. "Increasing Returns, Monopolistic Competition and International Trade," J. Int. Econ., 9, pp. 469-79.
79. _. 1987. "The Narrow Moving Band, the Dutch Disease, and the Consequences of Mrs. Thatcher: Notes on Trade in the Presence of Scale Economies," J. Devel. Econ., 27, pp. 41-55.
80. _. 1989. "New Trade Theory and the Less Developed Countries," in Debt, Stabilization and Development: Essays in Honor of Carlos Diaz-Alejandro. Guillermo Calvo, ed. NY: Basil-Blackwell.
81. Lambson, Val. 1991. "Industrial Evolution with Sunk Costs and Uncertain Market Conditions," Int. J. Ind. Org.,9, pp. 171-96
82. Lee, Norman. 1992. "Market Structure and Trade in the Developing Countries," in Trade Policy, Industrialization and Development: New Perspectives. Gerald K. Helleiner, ed. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
83. Lee, Joseph and Young-bum Park. 1995. "Employment, Labor Standards and Economic Development in Taiwan and Korea," Rev. Labor Econ. Ind. Relat., special, pp. S223-S244.
84. Lee, Lung-fei and William Tyler. 1978. "The Stochastic Frontier Production Function and Average Efficiency," J. Econometrics, 7:3, pp. 385-89.
85. Leidholm, Carl and Donald Mead. 1987. Small-Scale Industries in Developing Countries: Empirical Evidence and Policy Implications. International Development Paper 9, Agricultural Econ. Dept., Michigan State U.
86. _. 1995. GEMINI Action Research Program I, Final Report: The Dynamic Role of Micro and Small Enterprises in the Development Process. Bethesda, Maryland: GEMINI.
87. Levenson, Alec and William Maloney. 1997. "The Informal Sector, Firm Dynamics and Institutional Participation," Processed, U. Illinois.
88. Levine, Ross. 1997. "Financial Development and Economic Growth: Views and Agenda," J. Econ. Lit., 35:2, pp. 688-726.
89. Levinsohn, James. 1993. "Testing the Imports-as-Market-Discipline Hypothesis," J. Int. Econ., 35, pp. 1-22.
90. Levinsohn, James and Amil Petrin. 1997. "Productivity, Industry Dynamics, and International Competition: A Structural Econometric Approach," U. Michigan Econ. Dept.
91. Levy, Brian. 1990. "Transactions Costs, the Size of Firms and Industrial Policy: Lessons from a Comparative Case Study of the Footwear Industry in Korea and Taiwan," J. Devel. Econ., 34:1-2, pp. 151-78.
92. Little, Ian. 1987. "Small Manufacturing Enterprises in Developing Countries," World Bank Econ. Rev., 1:2, pp. 203-36.
93. Little, Ian; Dipak Mazumdar, and John M. Page, Jr. 1987. Small Manufacturing Enterprises: A Comparative Analysis of India and Other Economies. NY: Oxford U. Press.
94. Liu, Lili. 1993. "Entry-Exit, Learning and Productivity Change: Evidence from Chile," J. Devel. Econ., 42, pp. 217-42
95. Liu, Lili and James Tybout. 1996. "Productivity Growth in Colombia and Chile: Panel-based Evidence on the Role of Entry, Exit and Learning," in Mark Roberts and Tybout, eds., op cit.
96. Lucas, Robert E. 1978. "On the Size Distribution of Business Firms," Bell J. Econ., 9, pp. 508-23.
97. Maloney, William. 1997. "Labor Market Structure in LDCs: Time Series Evidence on Competing Views," U. Illinois.
98. Meller, Patricio. 1978. "The Patterns of Industrial Concentration in Latin America," J. Ind. Econ., 27, pp. 41-47.
99. Miyagiwa, Kaz and Yuka Ohno. 1995. "Closing the Technology Gap under Protection," Amer. Econ. Rev., 85:4, pp. 755-70.
100. Mody, Ashoka. 1998. "Industrial Policy after the East Asian Crisis: From 'Outward Orientation' to New Internal Capabilities?" processed paper, The World Bank.
101. Mody, Ashoka; Rajan Suri, Jerry Sanders, and David Van Zoest. 1991. "International Competition in the Footwear Industry: Keeping Pace with Technological Change," World Bank Industry and Energy Dept., Industry Series WP 51.
102. Murphy, Kevin; Andrei Schleifer, and Robert Vishny. 1989. "Industrialization and the Big Push," J. Polit. Econ., 97, pp. 1003-26.
103. Nelson, Richard and Edmund Phelps. 1966. "Investment in Humans, Technological Diffusion, and Economic Growth," Amer. Econ. Rev., 56:2, pp. 69-75.
104. Nelson, Richard and Sidney Winters. 1982. An Evolutionary Theory of Economic Change. Cambridge, MA: Harvard U. Press.
105. Ng, Francis. 1996. "A Profile of Tariffs, Para-Tariffs, Non-Tariff Measures, and Economic Growth in Developing Countries," World Bank, International Trade Division, Int. Econ. Dept.
106. Nishimizu, Mieko and John Page, Jr. 1982. "Total Factor Productivity Growth, Technological Progress, and Technical Efficiency Change: Dimensions of Productivity Change in Yugoslavia," Econ. J., 92:368, pp. 920-36.
107. Olley, Steven and Ariel Pakes. 1996. "The Dynamics of Productivity in the Telecommunications Equipment Industry," Econometrica, 64:6, pp. 143-205.
108. Pack, Howard. 1984. Productivity, Technology, and Industrial Development: A Case Study in Textiles. NY: Oxford U. Press.
109. _. 1988. "Industrialization and Trade," in Handbook of Development Economics, Volume I. Hollis Chenerv and T. N. Srinivasan, eds. Amsterdam: North-Holland.
110. Pack, Howard and Larry Westphal. 1986. "Industrial Strategy and Technological Change: Theory versus Reality," J. Devel. Econ., 22, pp. 87-128.
111. Page, John, Jr. 1980. "Technical Efficiency and Economic Performance: Some Evidence from Ghana," Oxford Econ. Pap., 32:2, pp. 319-39.
112. _. 1984. "Firm Size and Technical Efficiency: Applications of Production Frontiers to Indian Survey Data," J. Devel. Econ., 16:1-2, pp. 129-52.
113. Pakes, Ariel and Paul McGuire. 1994. "Computing Markov-Perfect Nash Equilibria: Numerical Implications of a Dynamic Model Differentiated Product Model," RAND J. Econ., 25:2, pp. 555-89.
114. Pitt, Mark and Lung-fei Lee. 1981. "The Measurement and Sources of Technical Inefficiency in the Indonesian Weaving Industry," J. Devel. Econ., 9, pp. 43-64.
115. Pursell, Garry. 1990. "Industrial Sickness, Primary and Secondary: The Effects of Exit Constraints on Industrial Performance," World Bank Econ. Rev., 4, pp. 103-14.
116. Ramaswamy, K.V. 1994. "Technical Efficiency in Modern Small-Scale Firms in Indian Industry: Applications of Stochastic Production Frontiers," J. Quant. Econ., 10, pp. 309-24.
117. Rauch, James E. 1991. "Modeling the Informal Sector Formally," J. Devel. Econ., 35, pp. 33-47.
118. Revenga, Anna and Claudio Montenegro. 1997. "North American Integration and Factor Price Equalization," in Imports, Exports and the American Worker. Susan Collins, ed. Washington, DC: Brookings Institution Press.
119. Rhee, Yung; Bruce Ross-Larson, and Carry Pursell. 1984. Korea's Competitive Edge: Managing the Entry into World Markets. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins U. Press.
120. Rivera-Batiz, Francisco and Luis Rivera-Batiz. 1990. "Effects of Direct Foreign Investment in the Presence of Increasing Returns due to Specialization," J. Devel. Econ., 34, pp. 287-307.
121. Roberts, Mark and James Tybout. 1991. "Size Rationalization and Trade Exposure in Developing Countries," in Empirical Studies of Commercial Policy. Robert Baldwin, ed. Chicago: U. Chicago Press for NBER.
122. Roberts, Mark and James Tybout, eds. 1996. Industrial Evolution in Developing Countries: Micro Patterns of Turnover, Productivity and Market Structure. NY: Oxford U. Press.
123. Rodrik, Dani. 1988. "Imperfect Competition, Scale Economies, and Trade Policy in Developing Countries," in Empirical Studies of Commercial Policy. Robert E. Baldwin, ed. Chicago: U. Chicago Press for NBER.
124. _. 1992. "Closing the Productivity Gap: Does Trade Liberalization Really Help?" in Trade Policy, Industrialization and Development: New Perspectives. Gerald Helleiner, ed. Oxford: Clarendon Press, pp. 155-75.
125. Rutherford, Thomas, E. E. Rustrom, and David Tarr. 1993. "Morocco's Free Trade Agreement with the European Community: A Quantitative Assessment," World Bank Working Paper 1173.
126. Schiff, Maurice and Alberto Valdez. 1992. The Political Economy of Agricultural Pricing Policy. Vol. 4: A Synthesis of the Economics in Developing Countries. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins U. Press.
127. Schmalensee, Richard. 1985. "Do Markets Differ Much?" Amer. Econ. Rev., 75, pp. 341-51.
128. Sinha, Rajeeva. 1993. "Foreign Participation and Technical Efficiency in Indian Industry," Appl. Econ., 25, pp. 583-88.
129. Steel, William. 1993. "Small Enterprises in Indonesia: Role, Growth, and Strategic Issues," DSP Working Paper 194. Jakarta Development Studies Project II.
130. Stewart, Francis and Ejaz Ghani. 1992. "Externalities, Development and Trade," in Trade Policy, Industrialization and Development: New Perspectives. Gerald Helleiner, ed. Oxford: Clarendon Press, pp. 122-54.
131. Stigler, George. 1976. "The Xistence of X-Efficiency," Amer. Econ. Rev., 66:1, pp. 213-16.
132. Stokey, Nancy. 1988. "Learning by Doing and the Introduction of New Goods," J. Polit. Econ., 96:4, pp. 701-17.
133. Swanson, Eric and James Tybout. 1988. "Industrial Bankruptcy Determinants In Argentina," with Eric Swanson, Studies in Banking and Finance (supplement to J. Bank. Fin.) 7, pp. 1-27.
134. Superintendencia de Sociedades. 1978. Conglomerados de Sociedades en Colombia. Bogota: Editorial Presensia.
135. Tybout, James. 1984. "Interest Controls and Credit Allocation in Developing Countries," J. Money, Credit, Bank., 16:4, pp. 474-87.
136. Tybout, James. 1992a. "Making Noisy Data Sine: Estimating Production Technologies in Developing Countries," J. Econometrics, 53:1-3, pp. 25-44.
137. Tybout, James. 1992b. "Linking Trade and Productivity: New Research Directions," World Bank Econ. Rev., 6:2, pp. 189-211.
138. Tybout James; Jaime de Melo, and Vittorio Corbo. 1991. "The Effects of Trade Reforms on Scale and Technical Efficiency: New Evidence from Chile," J. Int. Econ., 31:3-4-, pp. 231-50.
139. Tybout, James and M. Daniel Westbrook. 1995. "Trade Liberalization and Dimensions of Efficiency Change in Mexican Manufacturing Industries," J. Int. Econ., 39:1-2, pp. 53-78.
140. Tybout, James and M. Daniel Westbrook. 1996. "Scale Economies as a Source of Efficiency Gains," in Mark Roberts and Tybout, eds., op cit.
141. Tyler, William. 1979. "Technical Efficiency in Production in a Developing Country: An Empirical Examination of the Brazilian Plastics and Steel Industries," Oxford Econ. Pap., 31:3, pp. 477-95.
142. Tyler, William and Lung-fei Lee. 1979. "On Estimating Stochastic Frontier Production Functions and Average Efficiency: An Empirical Analysis with Colombian Micro Data," Rev. Econ. Statist., 61:3, pp. 436-38.
143. Vousden, Neil and Neil Campbell. 1994. "The Organizational Cost of Protection," J. Int. Econ., 37, pp. 219-38.
144. Wade, Robert. 1990. Governing the Market: Economic Theory and the Role of the Government in East Asian Industrialization. Princeton, NJ: Princeton U. Press.
145. Westbrook, M. Daniel and James Tybout. 1993. "Estimating Returns to Scale with Large, Imperfect Panels: An Application to Chilean Manufacturing Industries," World Bank Econ. Rev., 7, pp. 85-112.
146. World Bank. 1993. The East Asian Miracle. NY: Oxford U. Press.
147. _. 1994. World Development Report 1994: Infrastructure for Development. NY: Oxford U. Press.
148. _. 1995a. Adjustment in Africa: Reforms, Results and the Road Ahead. NY: Oxford U. Press.
149. _. 1995b. World Development Report 1995: Workers in an Integrating World. NY: Oxford U. Press.
150. _. 1997. World Development Report 1997: The State in a Changing World. NY: Oxford U. Press.
151. Young, Alwyn. 1991. "Learning by Doing and the Dynamic Effects of International Trade," Quart. J. Econ., 106, pp. 369-405.