Property reckoning and methods of accumulating wealth among the Ogoni of the eastern Niger Delta

Africa

Volumn 67, Issue 1, 1997, Pages 130-157

  Kpone Tonwe, Sonpie ^a  

^a NONE

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 0041157192     PISSN: 00019720     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2307/1161273     Document Type: Article

References (66)

1. Baikie, W. B. 1856. Narrative of an Exploring Voyage up to the Rivers Kwora and Binue (commonly known as the Niger and Tsadda) in 1854. London: John Murray.
2. Barbot, John (Jean). 1732. A Description of the Coasts of North and South Guinea: a new and accurate account of western maritime countries of Africa in A. Churchill and I. Churchill (eds.), A Collection of Voyages and Travels. Vol. V. London: Henry Lintot and John Osborn.
3. Dapper, O. 1668. Naukeurige Beschrijvinge der Afrikaensche Gewesten. Amsterdam: Jacob van Meurs. Second edition 1676.
4. Hamdun, Said, and King, Noel (eds.) 1975. Ibn Battuta in Black Africa. London: Rex Collings.
5. Herodotus. 1862. History III, Books IV, V and VI, trans. George Rawlinson. London: John Murray.
6. Ibn Battuta. 1953. Travels in Asia and Africa, 1325-54, trans. H. A. R. Gibb. London: Routledge.
7. Pereira, Pacheco (Duarte). 1937. Esmeraldo de Situ Orbis, ed. G. H. T. Kimble. London: Hakluyt Society.
8. _1956. Esmeraldo de Situ Orbis (vers 1506-08), trans. Raymond Mauny. Bissau.
9. Waddell, Rev. Hope Masterton. 1863. Twenty-nine Years in the West Indies and Central Africa, 1829-58. Second edition with a new introduction by G. I. Jones. London: Frank Cass, 1970.
10. _1849. Vocabulary of the Efik of Old Calabar. Second edition, Edinburgh: Grant & Taylor.
11. Gibbons, E. J. 1932. 'Intelligence Report on Ogoni'. Opobo Division, Calabar Province, 1932. NAE File 28032 CSO 26/3 NAE RP.6378, 'Proposed Ogoni Division.'
12. Mackenzie, J. G. 1931. 'Intelligence Report on Eleme'. Opobo Division, Calabar Province, 1931. File EP.9595 CSE 1/85/48888.
13. Porter, J. C. 1933. 'Intelligence Report on Okrika'. Degema Division, Calabar Province, 1933. NAE File 29004 CSO 26/3.
14. Webber, H. 1931. 'Intelligence Report on Bonny'. Owerri Province, 1931. NAE File 27226 CSO 26.
15. Afigbo, A. E. 1971. 'The Ndoki from the earliest times to 1901: an introductory survey', Odume II (1), 16-20.
16. _1973. 'Trade and trade routes in nineteenth century Nsukka', Journal of the Historical Society of Nigeria VII (1), 77-90.
17. _1980. 'Economic foundations of pre-colonial Igbo society', in I. A. Akinjogbin and S. O. Osoba (eds.), Topics of Nigerian Economic and Social History, pp. 1-18. Ile Ife: Obafemi Awolowo University Press.
18. _1981. Ropes of Sand: studies in Igbo history and culture. Nsukka: University of Nigeria Press.
19. Alagoa, E. J. 1970. 'Long-distance trade and states in the Niger delta', Journal of African History XI (3), 319-29.
20. _1976. 'The Niger delta states and their neighbours to 1800', in J. F. Ade Ajayi and Michael Crowder (eds.), A History of West Africa I, pp. 331-72. London: Longman.
21. _1972. A History of the Niger Delta. Ibadan: Ibadan University Press.
22. Anozie, F. N. 1988. 'Cultural Prehistory in the Niger delta', in E. J. Alagoa, F. N. Anozie and N. Nzewunwa (eds.), The Early History of the Niger Delta, pp. 141-85. Hamburg: Helmut Buske.
23. Bohannan, Paul and Laura. 1968. Tiv Economy. London: Longman.
24. Briggs, L. 1950. Tribes of the Sahara. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press.
25. Douglas, Mary. 1967. 'Primitive rationing', in Raymond Firth (ed.), Themes in Economic Anthropology, pp. 119-47. London: Tavistock.
26. Dike, K. O. 1956. Trade and politics in the Niger Delta, 1830-85. London: Oxford University Press.
27. Ejituwu, N. C. 1991. A History of Obolo (Andoni) in the Niger Delta. Oron: Manson.
28. Fage, J. D. 1980. 'A commentary on Duarte Pacheco Pereira's account of the lower Guinea coastlands in his Esmeraldo de Situ Orbis and some other early accounts', History in Africa 7, 47-77.
29. Falola, T., and Lovejoy, P. E. 1994. Pawnship in Africa: debt bondage in historical perspective. Boulder, Col.: Westview Press.
30. Garrard, Timothy F. 1982. 'Myth and metrology: the early trans-Saharan gold trade', Journal of African History 23, 443-61.
31. Hartoungh, J. C. C. 1966. 'Report on Agricultural Development in the Niger Delta Area.' Port Harcourt: Niger Delta Development Board.
32. Hopkins, A. G. 1973. An Economic History of West Africa. London: Longman.
33. Horton, Robin. 1969. 'From fishing village to city state', in Mary Douglas and P. Kaberry (eds), Man in Africa. London: Tavistock.
34. Jeffreys, M. D. W. 1947. 'Ogoni Pottery: a note', Man 48 (84), 81-3.
35. _1954. 'Some negro currencies in Nigeria', South African Museums Association Bulletin II, 410-11.
36. Johnson, Marion. 1970. 'The cowrie currencies of West Africa' I., Journal of African History XI (1), 17-49.
37. Jones, G. I. 1958. 'Native and trade currencies in southern Nigeria during the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries', Africa 28 (1), 43-54.
38. _1963. The Trading States of the Oil Rivers: a study of political development in eastern Nigeria. London: Oxford University Press for the International African Institute.
39. Kirk-Greene, A. H. M. 1960. 'The major currencies in Nigerian history', Journal of the Historical Society of Nigeria II (1), 145-6.
40. Kpone-Tonwe, Sonpie. 1990. 'The Ogoni of the Eastern Nigeria Delta Mainland: an economic and political history from the earliest times to about 1900'. Ph.D. dissertation, University of Port Harcourt.
41. _1992. 'The Gbene title and ancestor worship in Ogoni', Otu-Ogal: Journal of Niger Delta Research I (1).
42. Latham, A. J. H. 1971. 'Currency, credit and capitalism on the Cross river in the precolonial era', Journal of African History 12 (4), 599-605.
43. Law, R. C. C. 1967. 'The Garamantes and the trans-Saharan enterprise in classical times', Journal of African History 8 (2), 181-200.
44. Lawal, Babatunde. 1973. 'Dating problems of Igbo-Ukwu', Journal of African History 14 (1), 1-8.
45. Meillassoux, Claude. 1971. The Development of Indigenous Trade and Markets in West Africa. London: Oxford University Press for the International African Institute.
46. Ngofa, O. O. 1988. The People of Elerne. Port Harcourt: Rivers State Newspaper Corporation.
47. Noah, M. E. 1980. Old Calabar: the city-state and the Europeans, 1800-85. Uyo: Scholars Press.
48. Northrup, David. 1978. Trade without Rulers: pre-colonial economic development in south-eastern Nigeria. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
49. _1972. 'The growth of trade among the Igbo before 1900, Journal of African History 13 (2), 217-36.
50. Nzewunwa, N. 1980. The Niger Delta Pre-historic Economy and Culture. Cambridge Monographs in African Anthropology I. Oxford: BAR International Series 75.
51. _1983. A Sourcebook for Nigerian Archaeology. Lagos: National Commission for Museums and Monuments with the Archaeological Association of Nigeria.
52. Ottenberg, Simon and Phoebe. 1962. 'Afikpo markets', in Paul Bohannan and George Dalton (eds.), Markets in Africa, pp. 118-69. Evanston, Ill.: Northwestern University Press.
53. Phiri, K. M. 1983. 'Some changes in the matrilineal family system among the Chêwa of Malawi since the nineteenth century', Journal of African History 24 (2), 257-74.
54. Polanyi, Karl. 1963. 'Ports of trade in early societies', Journal of Economic History XIII (1), 30-1.
55. Polanyi, Karl, et al., eds. 1987. Trade and Markets in Early Empires. Glencoe, Ill.: Free Press.
56. Richards, Audrey I. 1960. 'Social mechanisms for the transfer of political rights in some African tribes', Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute 90, 175-90.
57. Ryder, A. F. C. 1959. 'An early Portuguese trading voyage to the Forcados river', Journal of the Historical Society of Nigeria I (4), 294-321.
58. _1969. Benin and the Europeans, 1485-1897. London: Longman.
59. Scott, J. S. 1966. 'Report on the Fisheries of the Niger Delta Special Area.' Port Harcourt: Niger Delta Development Board.
60. Shaw, Thurstan. 1970. Igbo-Ukwu. London: Faber.
61. Smith, Robert. 1970. 'The canoe in West African history', Journal of African History 11 (4) 515-33.
62. Trimingham, J. S. 1959. Islam in West Africa. London: Oxford University Press.
63. Williamson, Kay. 1968. 'Languages of the Niger delta', Nigeria Magazine 97, 124-30.
64. _1970. 'Some food plant names in the Niger delta', International Journal of American Linguistics 36 (2), 156-57.
65. _1988. 'Linguistic evidence of the pre-history of the Niger delta', in E. J. Alagoa, F. N. Anozie and N. Nzewunwa (eds.), The Early History of the Niger Delta, pp. 68-119, Hamburg: Helmut Buske.
66. Wilks, Ivor. 1982. 'Wangara, Akan and Portuguese in the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries' I: 'The matter of Bitu', Journal of African History 23 (3), 333-49.