Effects of Estrogenic and Androgenic Implants on Performance, Carcass Traits, and Meat Tenderness in Feedlot Steers: A Review

Professional Animal Scientist

Volumn 12, Issue 4, 1996, Pages 205-214

  Duckett, S K ^a,b   Wagner, D G ^a   Owens, F N ^a   Dolezal, H G ^a   Gill, D R ^a  

^a OKLAHOMA STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF IDAHO   (United States)

Author keywords

Implants; Review; Steers

Indexed keywords

EID: 0041147376     PISSN: 10807446     EISSN: 1525318X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.15232/S1080-7446(15)32526-2     Document Type: Review

References (76)

1. Anderson P.T. Trenbolone acetate as a growth promotant. Compend. 1991, 13(7):1179.
2. Apple J.K., Dikeman M.E., Simms D.D., Kuhl D. Effects of synthetic hormone implants, singularly or in combinations, on performance, carcass traits, and longissmus muscle palatability of Holstein steers. J. Anim. Sci. 1991, 69:4437.
3. Baker F.H., Arthaud V.H. Use of hormones or hormone activity agents in production of slaughter bulls. J. Anim. Sci. 1972, 35:752.
4. Bartle S.J., Preston R.L. Effects of implant type, average marbling scores and pen uniformity on the percentage of choice carcasses 1992, Texas Tech Univ. Agric. Sci. Tech. Rep. No. T-5-317:146.
5. Bartle S.J., Preston R.L., Brown R.E., Grant R.J. Revalor (trenbolone acetate and estradiol) and Synovex reimplant study in steers 1989, Texas Tech Univ. Agric. Sci. Tech. Rep. No. T-5-263:32.
6. Bartle S.J., Preston R.L., Herschler R.C. Production responses to reimplantation with estradiol or estradiol plus trenbolone acetate 1992, Texas Tech Univ. Agric. Sci. Tech. Rep. No. T-5-317:138.
7. A practical method to prevent dark-cutting (DFD) in beef. Meat Sci. 1993, 34:275. Bartos, L., C. Franc, D. Rehak, and Stipkova.
8. Belk K.E. Low quality gradeseffects of implants on maturity, marbling and, incidence of dark-cutting beef 1992, 173. National Beef Quality Audit, Final Report, National Cattlemen's Assoc, Englewood, CO.
9. Belk K., Cross H.R., Nash D. Effects of trenbolone acetate, estrogens on steers explored. Feedstuffs 1989, 61(50):15.
10. Borger M.L., Wilson L.L., Sink J.D., Ziegler J.H., Davis S.L. Zeranol and dietary protein level effects on live performance, carcass merit certain endocrine factors and blood metabolite levels of steers. J. Anim. Sci. 1973, 36:706.
11. Botts R.L. Evaluation of various programs of Synovex-S, Finaplix-and estradiol 17b/trenbolone acetate in feedlot steers of three distinct breed types. J. Anim. Sci. 1992, 70(Suppl. 1):280. (Abs.).
12. Busby D., Loy D. Feedlot performance and carcass characteristics of steer calves implanted with combination implants. Iowa St. Beef/Sheep Rep. A.S. Leaflet R818:89 1991, Iowa State Univ, Ames, IA.
13. Buttery P.J., Sinnett-Smith P.A. The mode of action of anabolic agents. Manipulation of Growth in Farm Animals 1984, 211. Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, Hingham, MA. J.F. Roche, D. O'Callaghan (Eds.).
14. Buttery P.J., Vernon B.G., Pearson J.T. Anabolic agents-some thoughts on their mode of action. Proc. Nutr. Soc. 1978, 37:311.
15. Calkins C.R., Clanton D.C., Berg T.J., Kinder J.E. Growth, carcass and palatability traits of intact males and steers implanted with zeranol or estradiol early and throughout life. J. Anim. Sci. 1986, 62:625.
16. Cohen R.D.H., Cooper J.A. Avoparcin, monensin and zeranol for steers finishing on barley diets. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 1983, 63:361.
17. Cross H.R., Belk K.E. Two-edged sword: anabolic implants improve yield, hinder quality. Beef 1989, 26(no. 1A):11.
18. Eng K. Hormones, implants offer way to produce leaner beef. Feedstuffs 1986, 58(29):12.
19. Faulkner D.B., Cmarik G.F., Spires H.R. Evaluation of laidlomycin propionate and Synovex-implants for finishing steers. J. Anim. Sci. 1991, 69:521.
20. Foutz C.P. Effect of anabolic implants on yearling feedlot steer performance, carcass grade traits, subprimal yields and muscle properties 1990, M.S. Thesis, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater.
21. Galbraith H., Topps J.H. Effect of hormones on the growth and body composition of animals. Nutr. Abstr. Rev., Ser. B 1981, 51:521.
22. Grandin T. Problems with bruises and dark cutters in slaughter steers/heifers. National Beef Quality Audit 1991, 147. Final Report, National Cattlemen's Assoc, Englewood, CO.
23. Hafs H.D., Purchas R.W., Pearson A.M. A review: relationships of some hormones to growth and carcass quality of ruminants. J. Anim. Sci. 1971, 33:64.
24. Hancock D.L., Wagner J.F., Anderson D.B. Effects of estrogens and androgens on animal growth. Growth Regulation in Farm Animals, Advances in Meat Research 1991, 7:255. A.M. Pearson, T.R. Dutson (Eds.).
25. Hawkins E.W., Orme L.E., Dyer R., Ogden L., Park R.L., Field R.A. Comparisons between zeranol implanted and non-implanted bulls and steers. Proc. Annu. Meet. West. Sect. Am. Soc. Anim. Sci. 1987, 38:147.
26. Heitzman R.J. Safety aspects of growth manipulation in animals. Control and Manipulation of Animal Growth 1986, 315. Butterworths, Boston, MA. P.J. Buttery, D.B. Lindsay, N.B. Haynes (Eds.).
27. Hicks R.B., Gill D.R., Carroll L.H., Martin J.J., Strasia C.A. The effect of Compudose and Finaplix alone and in combination on growth of feedlot steers 1985, Okla. Ag. Expt. Sta. Res. Rep. MP117:269, Oklahoma State Univ, Stillwater, OK.
28. Hoffman D.J., Speth C.F., Ringkob T.P., Lesperance A.L., McCormick J.A. The effect of zeranol and monensin on feedlot steers. Proc. Annu. Meet. West. Sect. Am. Soc. Anim. Sci. 1977, 28:204.
29. Huck G.L., Brandt R.T., Dikeman M.E., Simms D.D., Kuhl G.L. Frequency and timing of trenbolone acetate implantation on steer performance, carcass characteristics and beef quality. J. Anim. Sci. 1991, 69(Suppl. 1):560. (Abs.).
30. Huffman R.D., West R.L., Pritchard D.L., Sand R.S., Johnson D.D. Effect of Finaplix and Synovex implantation on feedlot performance and carcass traits 1991, Fla. Beef Cattle Res. Rep. p 97, Univ. of Florida, Gainesville, FL.
31. Hunt D.W., Henricks D.M., Skelley G.C., Grimes L.W. Use of trenbolone acetate and estradiol in intact and castrate male cattle: effects on growth, serum hormones and carcass characteristics. J. Anim. Sci. 1991, 69:2452.
32. Hutcheson D.P., Rains J.P., Paul J.W. The effects of different implant and feed additive strategies on performance and carcass characteristics in finishing heifers: A review. Prof. Anim. Sci. 1993, 9:132.
33. Kercher C.J., Rule D.C., Jones R.R. Hormone implant combinations for growing-finishing beef steers. Proc. Annu. Meet. West. Sect. Am. Soc. Anim. Sci. 1990, 41:442.
34. Laudert S.B., Davis G.V. Comparison of Compudose with Ralgro or Synovex-reimplant programs for finishing steers. Kan. St. Cattlemen's Day 1984, 448:91.
35. Loy D.D., Harpster H.W., Cash E.H. Rate, composition and efficiency of growth in feedlot steers reimplanted with growth stimulants. J. Anim. Sci. 1988, 66:2668.
36. Mader T.L. Effect of implant sequence and dose on feedlot cattle performance. J. Anim. Sci. 1994, 72:277.
37. Marchello J.A., Ray D.E., Hale W.H. Carcass characteristics of beef cattle as influenced by season, sex and hormonal growth stimulants. J. Anim. Sci. 1970, 31:690.
38. Martin T.G., Perry T.W., Nelson L.A. Growth, feed consumption and carcass characteristics of steers with and without implants 1987, Purdue Beef Day Rep. p 31. West Lafayette, IN.
39. Mathison G.W., Stobbs L.A. Efficacy of Compudose as a growth promotant implant for growing-finishing steers. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 1983, 63:75.
40. Morgan J.B. Tenderness problems and potential solutions. National Beef Quality Audit, Final Report 1991, 180. National Cattlemen's Assoc, Englewood, CO.
41. Murray D.A., Burgess T.D., Mowat D.N. Effects of feeding avoparcin in combination with progesterone-estradiol implants on growing and finishing steers. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 1983, 63:885.
42. Ntunde B.N., Usborne W.R., Ashton G.C. Responses in meat characteristics of Holstein-Friesian males to castration and diet. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 1977, 57:449.
43. Patterson R.S., Slater L.J. Anabolic agents and meat quality: A review. Meat Sci. 1985, 14:191.
44. Perry T.C., Fox D.G., Beermann D.H. Effect of an implant of trenbolone acetate and estradiol on growth, feed efficiency and carcass composition of holstein and beef steers. J. Anim. Sci. 1991, 69:4696.
45. Preston R.L. Role of anabolic and repartitioning agents in the production of lean beef 1987, 12. Univ. of Arizona, Tucson, AZ.
46. Preston R.L., Herschler R.C. Controlled release estradiol/progesterone anabolic implant in cattle. Texas Tech Unlv. Agric. Sci. Tech. Rep. No. T-5-317:140 1992, Texas Tech. Univ., Lubbock, TX.
47. Preston R.L., Rains J.R. Response dynamics evaluated for estradiol/TBA implantation. Feedstuffs 1993, 65(3):18.
48. Preston R.L., Bartle S.J., Kasser T.R., Day J.W., Veenhuizen J.J., Baile C.A. Comparative effectiveness of somatotropin and anabolic steriods in feedlot steers 1992, Texas Tech Univ. Agric. Sci. Tech. Rep. No. T-5-317:143.
49. Preston R.L., Davis G.W., Hawkins R.R., Ramsey C.B. Influence of Compudose on feedlot performance and deposition of fat and protein in steers. J. Anim. Sci. 1983, 57(Suppl. 1):203. (Abs.).
50. Price M.A., Tennessen T. Preslaughter management and dark-cutting in the carcasses of young bulls. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 1981, 61:205.
51. Prior R.L., Crouse J.D., Harrison V.L., Baile C.A. Elfazepam and synovex-influences on growth and carcass characteristics of steers fed two dietary energy levels. J. Anim. Sci. 1978, 47:1225.
52. Pritchard R.H., Gee D.H., Robbins M.A. Effects of estradiol-trenbolone acetate implant combinations on feedlot performance and carcass traits of two steers types 1990, S. Dakota Beef Rep. 11:38, South Dakota State Univ, Brookings, SD.
53. Rico A.G., Sacaze V.B. New data on metabolism of anabolic agents. Manipulation of Growth in Farm Animals 1984, 72. Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, Hingham, MA. J.F. Roche, D. O'Callaghan (Eds.).
54. Riley J., Pope R. Single vs. reimplant programs for finishing steers. Kan. St. Cattlemen's Day 448:89 1984, Kansas State Univ, Manhattan, KS.
55. Roche J.F., Quirke J.F. The effects of steroid hormones and xenobiotics on growth of farm animals. Control and Manipulation of Animal Growth 1986, 39. Butterworths, Boston, MA. P.J. Buttery, D.B. Lindsay, N.B. Haynes (Eds.).
56. Rumsey T.S. Effect of Synovex-implants and kiln dust on tissue gain by feedlot beef steers. J. Anim. Sci. 1982, 54:1030.
57. Rumsey T.S., Hammond A.C., McMurtry J.P. Response to reimplanting beef steers with estradiol benzoate and progesterone: performance, implant absorption pattern, and thyroxine status. J. Anim. Sci. 1992, 70:995.
58. Schanbacher B.D. Manipulation of endogenous and exogenous hormones for red meat production. J. Anim. Sci. 1984, 59:1621.
59. Sharpe P.M., Haynes N.B., Buttery P.J. Glucocorticoid status and growth. Control and Manipulation of Animal Growth 1986, 207. Butterworths, Boston, MA. P.J. Buttery, D.B. Lindsay, N.B. Haynes (Eds.).
60. Simms D.D., Goehring T.B., Brandt R.T., Kuhl G.L., Higgins J.J., Laudert S.B., Lee R.W. Effect of sequential implanting with zeranol on steers lifetime performance. J. Anim. Sci. 1988, 66:2736.
61. Spencer G.S.G. Hormonal systems regulating growth: A review. Livest. Prod. Sci. 1985, 12:31.
62. Stobbs L.A., Grimson R.E., Mowat D.N., Richards J.E., Nelson J.R., Nicholson H.H., Stilborn R.P. Efficacy of compudose as an anabolic implant for growing-finishing steers. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 1988, 68:205.
63. Tatum J.D. Implants don't lower quality, tenderness. Beef 1994, 30(7):30.
64. Thonney M.L., Perry T.C., Armbruster G., Beerman D.H., Fox D.G. Comparison of steaks from Holstein and Simmental x Angus steers. J. Anim. Sci. 1991, 69:4866.
65. Trenkle A.H. The effect of compudose and finaplix implants alone and in combination on growth performance and carcass characteristics of feedlot steers 1985, Iowa St. Beef and Sheep Res. Rep. A.S. 553:123, Iowa State University, Ames, IA.
66. Trenkle A.H. The evaluation of Synovex S, Synovex S-Finaplix S and Revalor S implant programs in feedlot steers 1990, Iowa St. Beef and Sheep Res. Rep. A.S. 606:56, Iowa State University, Ames, IA.
67. Trenkle A. The evaluation of Synovex S and combinations of Synovex S with Finaplix S in feedlot steers 1991, Iowa St. Beef and Sheep Res. Rep. A.S. R816:81, Iowa State University, Ames, IA.
68. Trenkle A. Evaluation of Synovex S and Combinations of Synovex S with Finaplix S in feedlot steers 1992, Iowa St. Beef and Sheep Res. Rep. A.S. R908:65, Iowa State University, Ames, IA.
69. Trenkle A. Summary of Implant Strategies for Finishing Steers Iowa State Beef and Sheep Res 1993, Rep. A.S. R1053:171, Iowa State University, Ames, IA.
70. Tucker H.A., Merkel R.A. Applications of hormones in the metabolic regulation of growth and lactation in ruminants. Fed. Proc. 1987, 46:300.
71. Unruh J.A. Effects of endogenous and exogenous growth-promoting compounds on carcass composition, meat quality and meat nutritional value. J. Anim. Sci. 1986, 62:1441.
72. Vanderwert W., Bechtel P.J., DeVol D.L., McKeith F.M., Berger L.L., Shanks R.D. Factors related to longissimus tenderness among alternate methods of lean beef production. J. Food Qual. 1989, 12:445.
73. Vanderwert W., Berger L.L., McKeith F.K., Baker A.M., Gonyou H.W., Bechtel P.J. Influence of zeranol implants on growth, behavior and carcass traits in Angus and Limousin bulls and steers. J. Anim. Sci. 1985, 61:310.
74. Vanderwert W., McKeith F.K., Bechtel P.J., Berger L.L. Influence of zeranol implants and electrical stimulation on the palatability traits of five muscles in Angus and Limousin bulls and steers. J. Anim. Sci. 1986, 63:114.
75. Wagner J.J., Pritchard R.H., Thompson J.U., Goetz M.J. Combinations of Synovex and Finaplix for yearling steers. South Dakota Beef Rep. 1990, 10:32.
76. Williams J.E., Miller S.J., Mollett T.A., Greblng S.E., Bowman D.K., Ellersieck M.R. Influence of frame size and zeranol on growth, compositional growth and plasma hormone characteristics. J. Anim. Sci. 1987, 65:1113.