Warm words and harsh advice: A critique of the West's role in Russian reforms

International Affairs

Volumn 77, Issue 4, 2001, Pages 947-955

  Benn, David Wedgwood ^a  

^a NONE

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 0041077626     PISSN: 00205850     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/1468-2346.00228     Document Type: Review

References (12)

1. Financial Times, 12 October 1998.
2. Address to a joint session of the US Congress, 11 September 1990; see Keesing's record of world events, 1990, pp. 37695-6.
3. From Genscher's speech to the Bundestag, 27 April 1989. The full text appeared in The Independent, 29 April 1989.
4. Paul H. Nitze, 'Move now to secure the new Soviet partnership', International Herald Tribune, 27 August 1990.
5. Edward Teller, 'Use the dividend to help the Russians', International Herald Tribune, 24 February 1992. I am grateful to Mary Bone of the Chatham House Library for locating this article.
6. George Soros, 'Who lost Russia?', New York Review of Books, 13 April 2000, p. 10. In Soros's view, most of the blame for the refusal of financial aid rests on the Bush and Thatcher administrations; while Germany's record is more mixed.
7. See The economy of the USSR: summary and recommendations (Washington DC: World Bank, 1990), p. 18, quoted in Klein and Pomer, p. 3.
8. Anders Aslund, 'A critique of Soviet reform plans', in Anders Aslund, ed., The post-Soviet economy: Soviet and Western perspectives (London: Pinter, 1992), p. 176, quoted in Klein and Pomer, p. 7.
9. Klein and Pomer, pp. 333-4, quoting reports in 1998 by the OECD and the International Federation of the Red Cross and Red Crescent Society.
10. Reddaway and Glinski, pp. 2, 249-50. Calculations based on the Moscow publication Russian Economic Trends, especially for March and April 1999; and on Historical statistics of the United States from colonial times to 1970 (Washington DC: US Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, 1975), pp. 224-5. Professor Michael Kaser has, however, pointed out to me that there was an element of uncertainty about Russian GDP during the 1990s, owing to the amount of economic activity that went unrecorded in official statistics.
11. Reddaway and Glinski, pp. 2, 249-50. Calculations based on the Moscow publication Russian Economic Trends, especially for March and April 1999; and on Historical statistics of the United States from colonial times to 1970 (Washington DC: US Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, 1975), pp. 224-5. Professor Michael Kaser has, however, pointed out to me that there was an element of uncertainty about Russian GDP during the 1990s, owing to the amount of economic activity that went unrecorded in official statistics.
12. Reddaway and Glinski, pp. 297, 575. The leaked letter appeared in the Moscow Nezavisimaya gazeta on 24 September 1997.