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1
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26344465830
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Workers feel the tensions of trend to part-time jobs
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Aug. 7
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Both headlines appeared in Peter Behr and Judith Evans, "Workers Feel the Tensions of Trend to Part-Time Jobs," The Washington Post, Aug. 7, 1997, p. E1.
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(1997)
The Washington Post
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Behr, P.1
Evans, J.2
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2
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0040565432
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note
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See the next section for definitions. The data are drawn from March Current Population Surveys (CPS'S). The redesign of the CPS in 1994 makes 1993a natural stopping point for the analysis in this article, but none of its conclusions appear to be contradicted by experience since 1993. The year 1983 was chosen as a beginning point because it is similar to 1993 in terms of the cyclical behavior of the unemployment rate and because the "modern" period in which the proportion of the workforce working part time was no longer increasing dramatically had clearly begun by then.
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3
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0030211004
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The hiring of new labor by expanding industries
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March
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Bruce C. Fallick, "The Hiring of New Labor by Expanding Industries," Labour Economics, March 1996, pp. 25-42.
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(1996)
Labour Economics
, pp. 25-42
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Fallick, B.C.1
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4
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0039972539
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Observations were weighted by CPS person-weights in calculating growth rates and part-time intensities. Only observations employed during the reference week were used in the calculations of growth rates
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Observations were weighted by CPS person-weights in calculating growth rates and part-time intensities. Only observations employed during the reference week were used in the calculations of growth rates.
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5
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0040565422
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note
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Note that the CPS data include persons who worked less than 35 hours a week for noneconomic reasons, such as illness or being on holiday or vacation. Note also that sometime between the years 1983 and 1993 marking the period under study in this article, the BLS definitions of "part time" and "full time" changed, a change that is not reflected herein.
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6
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0039380295
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note
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Over the 1983-93 period, 25 percent of observations were of employees who worked part time the previous week, compared with 19 percent who reported that they usually worked part time. However, the correlation between the two (at the two-digit industry level) is 0.99.
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7
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0040565421
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Three-digit industry codes from the CPS were mapped into two-digit 1987 sic codes. Government, agriculture, forestry, and fisheries were excluded from the analysis
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Three-digit industry codes from the CPS were mapped into two-digit 1987 sic codes. Government, agriculture, forestry, and fisheries were excluded from the analysis.
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8
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0039380294
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On the other hand, accession rates may confuse industry growth with industry turnover
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On the other hand, accession rates may confuse industry growth with industry turnover.
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9
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0039972541
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There is significant room for misclassification of a person's industry in the CPS, as well as for misclassification of a worker as a new hire. (See Fallick, "The Hiring of New Labor.")
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The Hiring of New Labor
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Fallick1
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10
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0041159561
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note
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Of course, this statement is not strictly true, because, as noted above, the weekly hours measure refers to the hours worked by a person at all jobs. 11 The mean weekly earnings for the outgoing rotation group in each industry-year-part-time/full-time cell were applied to the full sample in that cell.
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11
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0039972547
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note
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In a related vein, only a small part of the correlation between part-time work and industry growth can be accounted for by the age, gender, race, and educational distribution of the workforce. That is to say, while it is true that faster growing industries tend to employ and to hire more young, old, and highly educated workers, this tendency does not explain their heavy use of part-time labor.
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12
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0039972540
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Material from the United Kingdom's Family Expenditure Survey is Crown copyright, has been made available by the Office for National Statistics through the Economic and Social Research Council Data Archive, and has been used by permission. Neither the Office for National Statistics nor the Data Archive bears any responsibility for the analysis or the interpretation of the data reported in this article
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The Luxembourg Income Study is a cooperative research project that draws together microdata from household surveys from numerous countries. Information on the project can be found on the Internet at http://lissy.ceps.lu/ index.htm. Material from the United Kingdom's Family Expenditure Survey is Crown copyright, has been made available by the Office for National Statistics through the Economic and Social Research Council Data Archive, and has been used by permission. Neither the Office for National Statistics nor the Data Archive bears any responsibility for the analysis or the interpretation of the data reported in this article.
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13
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0039380300
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note
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The table reports correlations for every country participating in the Luxembourg Income Study for which sufficient person-level data were available, with the exception of Germany. Because of that country's recent reunification, consistent data for Germany do not span a sufficiently long period to provide comparability with the data of the other countries that contributed to the study.
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14
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0041159546
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The dynamic demand for part-time and full-time labour
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August
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See Jane Friesen, "The Dynamic Demand for Part-time and Full-time Labour," Economica, August 1997, pp. 495-507. One consideration is that there may not be as much room to adjust the hours of full-time employees upward as downward, whereas part-time employees may be more equally flexible in both directions. However, one must be careful not to confuse part-time with contingent work.
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(1997)
Economica
, pp. 495-507
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Friesen, J.1
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15
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0041159558
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note
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Note also that the results (for either period) are not sensitive to whether one uses the standard definition of part time as less than 35 hours per week or another conventional cutoff time, such as 40 hours per week.
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16
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0040565413
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By the 1960 census, mining had fallen to the middle of the pack; by the 1970 census, it was the least part-time intensive of the eight sectors
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By the 1960 census, mining had fallen to the middle of the pack; by the 1970 census, it was the least part-time intensive of the eight sectors.
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17
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0039972538
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Full-time-equivalent employment was calculated by dividing total hours from establishment survey data by estimates of full-time hours. Unfortunately, the source data are lost to posterity
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Full-time-equivalent employment was calculated by dividing total hours from establishment survey data by estimates of full-time hours. Unfortunately, the source data are lost to posterity.
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18
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0040565418
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note
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Computing growth rates by using full-time-equivalent employment instead of total employment would be analogous to weighting employment by hours. Total employment growth rates and full-time-equivalent employment growth rates are highly similar (with correlations of greater than 0.99), so either growth measure would give the same results.
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19
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0040565420
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note
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Note that the correlations between the growth rate based upon total employment, which is used in this analysis, and the rate based upon rull-time-equivalent employment are not as high for the decades 1929-38 and 1939-47 (approximately 0.94) as they are for the later years (all approximately 0.99). The results for 1939-47 would be weaker if the full-time-equivalent employment growth rates were used instead.
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20
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0040565412
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note
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Note that this definition differs from the BLS classifications of involuntary part time (really, part time for economic reasons) and voluntary part time (really, part time for noneconomic reasons), both of which include many people who usually work full time, but worked fewer than 35 hours during the reference week.
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