Avoiding the imperial temptation: The United States and Latin America

World Policy Journal

Volumn 16, Issue 3, 1999, Pages 57-67

  Maxwell, Kenneth ^a  

^a NONE

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 0040960195     PISSN: 07402775     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Review

References (28)

1. See Jeremy Adelman, ed., Colonial Legacies: The Problem of Persistence in Latin American History (New York: Routledge, 1999).
2. On the emergence of the new "paradigm," see Sebastian Edwards, Crisis and Reform: From Despair to Hope (New York: Oxford University Press, 1995); and Albert Fishlow, "The Western Hemisphere Relation: Quo Vadis?" in The United States and the Americas, ed. Albert Fishlow and James Jones (New York: W. W. Norton, 1999), pp. 15-35.
3. On the emergence of the new "paradigm," see Sebastian Edwards, Crisis and Reform: From Despair to Hope (New York: Oxford University Press, 1995); and Albert Fishlow, "The Western Hemisphere Relation: Quo Vadis?" in The United States and the Americas, ed. Albert Fishlow and James Jones (New York: W. W. Norton, 1999), pp. 15-35.
4. This position is captured most succinctly in Lars Schoultz, Beneath the United States: A History of U.S. Policy Towards Latin America (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1998); but also in Peter H. Smith, Talons of the Eagle: Dynamics of U.S.-Latin American Relations (New York: Oxford University Press, 1996); and Mark T. Berger, Under Northern Eyes: Latin American Studies and U.S. Hegemony in the Americas 1898-1990 (Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1995).
5. This position is captured most succinctly in Lars Schoultz, Beneath the United States: A History of U.S. Policy Towards Latin America (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1998); but also in Peter H. Smith, Talons of the Eagle: Dynamics of U.S.-Latin American Relations (New York: Oxford University Press, 1996); and Mark T. Berger, Under Northern Eyes: Latin American Studies and U.S. Hegemony in the Americas 1898-1990 (Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1995).
6. This position is captured most succinctly in Lars Schoultz, Beneath the United States: A History of U.S. Policy Towards Latin America (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1998); but also in Peter H. Smith, Talons of the Eagle: Dynamics of U.S.-Latin American Relations (New York: Oxford University Press, 1996); and Mark T. Berger, Under Northern Eyes: Latin American Studies and U.S. Hegemony in the Americas 1898-1990 (Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1995).
7. There is a paradox here, of course. It should not be forgotten that Latin America can leap to the top of the national security agenda in unexpected ways and at inopportune moments, with major domestic political consequences. The Cuban Missile Crisis during the Cold War is the most extreme case, but there have been others in recent years -the crisis in Central America, the invasions of Panama, Grenada, and Haiti, the recurrent problems caused by unauthorized boat people arriving in Florida from Cuba and Haiti.
8. Rosemary Thorp, Progress, Poverty and Exclusion: An Economic History of Latin America in the 20th Century (distributed by Johns Hopkins University Press for the Inter-American Development Bank and the European Union, 1998).
9. I am repeating here my dissent to the conclusions of the Independent Task Force on Cuba sponsored by the Council on Foreign Relations. See U.S.-Cuban Relations in the 21st Century (New York: Council on Foreign Relations Press, 1999).
10. The complex causes and intractable problems involved in Chiapas are brilliantly described in John Womack, Rebellion in Chiapas: An Historical Reader (New York: New Press, 1999); Neil Harvey, The Chiapas Rebellion: The Struggle for Land and Democracy (Durham, N.C.: Duke University Press, 1998).
11. The complex causes and intractable problems involved in Chiapas are brilliantly described in John Womack, Rebellion in Chiapas: An Historical Reader (New York: New Press, 1999); Neil Harvey, The Chiapas Rebellion: The Struggle for Land and Democracy (Durham, N.C.: Duke University Press, 1998).
12. Wayne A. Cornelius, Todd A. Eisenstadt, and Jane Hindley, eds., Subnational Politics and Democratization in Mexico (La Jolla, Cal.: Center for U.S.-Mexican Studies, 1999).
13. John Coatsworth, "The United States and Democracy in Mexico," in The United States and Latin America: The New Agenda, ed. Victor Bulmer-Thomas and James Dunkerley (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1999), p. 153.
14. "A Carpet of Cocaine," Latin American edition, Time, August 9, 1999, p. 18.
15. Mark Falcoff, "Does Colombia Have a Future?" Latin American Outlook (Washington, D.C.: American Enterprise Institute, July-August 1999). See also Michael Shifter, "Colombia on the Brink," Foreign Affairs, vol. 78 (July-August 1999); and Linda Robinson, "Colombia Dispatch," New Republic, September 6, 1999.
16. Mark Falcoff, "Does Colombia Have a Future?" Latin American Outlook (Washington, D.C.: American Enterprise Institute, July-August 1999). See also Michael Shifter, "Colombia on the Brink," Foreign Affairs, vol. 78 (July-August 1999); and Linda Robinson, "Colombia Dispatch," New Republic, September 6, 1999.
17. Mark Falcoff, "Does Colombia Have a Future?" Latin American Outlook (Washington, D.C.: American Enterprise Institute, July-August 1999). See also Michael Shifter, "Colombia on the Brink," Foreign Affairs, vol. 78 (July-August 1999); and Linda Robinson, "Colombia Dispatch," New Republic, September 6, 1999.
18. For the risks to democratic consolidation in the region, see Felipe Aguero and Jeffrey Stark, eds., Fault Lines of Democracy in Post-Transition Latin America (Miami: North-South Center Press, 1998), in which leading scholars examine the problem of governance in "post-transition" Latin America.
19. Hermann Von Bertraub, Negotiating NAFTA: A Mexican Envoy's Account (Westport, Conn.: Praeger, 1997).
20. "The Face of Cuban Immigration: An Interview with Alejandro Portes," Cuban Committee for Democracy, Asuntos Cubanos, vol. 5 (spring/summer 1999), p. 5.
21. See a report from Public Agenda and the Tomás Rivera Institute, Here to Stay: The Domestic and International Priorities of Latino Leaders (New York and Austin, 1998).
22. Robert W. Tucker and David C. Hendrickson, The Imperial Temptation: The New World Order and America's Purpose (New York: Council on Foreign Relations Press, 1992).
23. ́American Public Opinion and U.S. Foreign Policy 1999,́ Chicago Council on Foreign Relations, 1999.
24. There is a good description of the seriousness and complexity of the problem and the dilemmas for U.S. policymakers in Gabriel Marcella and Donald E. Schulz, "War in Peace in Colombia," Washington Quarterly, vol. 22 (summer 1999), pp. 213-28. See also Gabriel Marcella and Donald E. Schulz, "Colombia's Three Wars, U.S. Strategy at the Crossroads," Strategic Studies Institute, U.S. Army War College, March 5, 1999; and Richard Downes, "Landpower and Ambiguous Warfare: The Challenge of Colombia in the 21st Century," Strategic Studies Institute, U.S. Army War College, March 10, 1999.
25. There is a good description of the seriousness and complexity of the problem and the dilemmas for U.S. policymakers in Gabriel Marcella and Donald E. Schulz, "War in Peace in Colombia," Washington Quarterly, vol. 22 (summer 1999), pp. 213-28. See also Gabriel Marcella and Donald E. Schulz, "Colombia's Three Wars, U.S. Strategy at the Crossroads," Strategic Studies Institute, U.S. Army War College, March 5, 1999; and Richard Downes, "Landpower and Ambiguous Warfare: The Challenge of Colombia in the 21st Century," Strategic Studies Institute, U.S. Army War College, March 10, 1999.
26. There is a good description of the seriousness and complexity of the problem and the dilemmas for U.S. policymakers in Gabriel Marcella and Donald E. Schulz, "War in Peace in Colombia," Washington Quarterly, vol. 22 (summer 1999), pp. 213-28. See also Gabriel Marcella and Donald E. Schulz, "Colombia's Three Wars, U.S. Strategy at the Crossroads," Strategic Studies Institute, U.S. Army War College, March 5, 1999; and Richard Downes, "Landpower and Ambiguous Warfare: The Challenge of Colombia in the 21st Century," Strategic Studies Institute, U.S. Army War College, March 10, 1999.
27. See the recommendations contained in Cuba's Repressive Machinery: Human Rights Forty Years after the Revolution (New York: Human Rights Watch, 1999).
28. Given the importance of the national sentiments in Mexico and Canada, this implies something less than "dollarization" but does involve institutional, as well as constitutional, questions for the United States, which need to be thought out and discussed. See E. V. K. FitzGerald, "Trade, Investment and NAFTA: The Economics of Neighborhood," in The United States and Latin America: The New Agenda, ed. Victor Bulmer-Thomas and James Dunkerley (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1999), pp. 99-121.