The internet under siege

Foreign Policy

Volumn , Issue 127, 2001, Pages 56-65

  Lessig, Lawrence ^a  

^a NONE

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[No Author keywords available]

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EID: 0040927565     PISSN: 00157228     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2307/3183294     Document Type: Article

References (11)

1. This essay is based on arguments developed in Lawrence Lessig's The Future of Ideas: The Fate of the Commons in a Connected World (New York: Random House, 2001).
2. The literature on the commons is vast. The notion of the "tragedy of the commons" was made famous in Garrett Hardin's "The Tragedy of the Commons" (Science, Vol. 162, No. 3859, 1968). Hardin's view has led many to assume that any commons presents a "tragedy." For a powerful empirical and theoretical view to the contrary, see Elinor Ostrom's Governing the Commons: The Evolution of Institutions for Collective Action (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1990). The importance of the commons within Anglo-American law is well described in Carol Rose's "The Comedy of the Commons: Custom, Commerce, and Inherently Public Property" (University of Chicago Law Review, Vol. 53, No. 3,1986).
3. The literature on the commons is vast. The notion of the "tragedy of the commons" was made famous in Garrett Hardin's "The Tragedy of the Commons" (Science, Vol. 162, No. 3859, 1968). Hardin's view has led many to assume that any commons presents a "tragedy." For a powerful empirical and theoretical view to the contrary, see Elinor Ostrom's Governing the Commons: The Evolution of Institutions for Collective Action (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1990). The importance of the commons within Anglo-American law is well described in Carol Rose's "The Comedy of the Commons: Custom, Commerce, and Inherently Public Property" (University of Chicago Law Review, Vol. 53, No. 3,1986).
4. The literature on the commons is vast. The notion of the "tragedy of the commons" was made famous in Garrett Hardin's "The Tragedy of the Commons" (Science, Vol. 162, No. 3859, 1968). Hardin's view has led many to assume that any commons presents a "tragedy." For a powerful empirical and theoretical view to the contrary, see Elinor Ostrom's Governing the Commons: The Evolution of Institutions for Collective Action (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1990). The importance of the commons within Anglo-American law is well described in Carol Rose's "The Comedy of the Commons: Custom, Commerce, and Inherently Public Property" (University of Chicago Law Review, Vol. 53, No. 3,1986).
5. The enclosing of the commons is described in many contexts. Mark Lemley and Lessig describe it in the context of cable in "The End of End-to-End: Preserving the Architecture of the Internet in the Broadband Era" (Stanford: John M. Olin Program in Law and Economics Working Paper No. 207, 2000). Yochai Benkler discusses a related enclosure of spectrum in "Free as the Air to Common Use: First Amendment Constraints on Enclosure of the Public Domain" (New York University Law Review, Vol. 74, No. 2, 1999). For a wonderful review of copyright's enclosure, see Siva Vaidhyanathan's Copyrights and Copywrongs: The Rise of Intellectual Property and How It Threatens Creativity (New York: New York University Press, 2001).
6. The enclosing of the commons is described in many contexts. Mark Lemley and Lessig describe it in the context of cable in "The End of End-to-End: Preserving the Architecture of the Internet in the Broadband Era" (Stanford: John M. Olin Program in Law and Economics Working Paper No. 207, 2000). Yochai Benkler discusses a related enclosure of spectrum in "Free as the Air to Common Use: First Amendment Constraints on Enclosure of the Public Domain" (New York University Law Review, Vol. 74, No. 2, 1999). For a wonderful review of copyright's enclosure, see Siva Vaidhyanathan's Copyrights and Copywrongs: The Rise of Intellectual Property and How It Threatens Creativity (New York: New York University Press, 2001).
7. The enclosing of the commons is described in many contexts. Mark Lemley and Lessig describe it in the context of cable in "The End of End-to-End: Preserving the Architecture of the Internet in the Broadband Era" (Stanford: John M. Olin Program in Law and Economics Working Paper No. 207, 2000). Yochai Benkler discusses a related enclosure of spectrum in "Free as the Air to Common Use: First Amendment Constraints on Enclosure of the Public Domain" (New York University Law Review, Vol. 74, No. 2, 1999). For a wonderful review of copyright's enclosure, see Siva Vaidhyanathan's Copyrights and Copywrongs: The Rise of Intellectual Property and How It Threatens Creativity (New York: New York University Press, 2001).
8. The end-to-end argument was first described in J.H. Saltzer, D.P. Reed, and D.D. Clark's paper, "End-to-End Arguments in System Design" (ACM Transactions on Computer Systems, November 1984) available on the Massachusetts Institute of Technology's Web site. A later paper, "Active Networking and End-to-End Arguments," by Reed, Saltzer, and Clark (IEEE Network, May/June 1998) describes the importance of end-to-end to the network's development. David Isenberg, who developed a similar set of ideas when he was an engineer at AT&T, praises "The Rise of the Stupid Network" (Computer Telephony, August 1997).
9. The end-to-end argument was first described in J.H. Saltzer, D.P. Reed, and D.D. Clark's paper, "End-to-End Arguments in System Design" (ACM Transactions on Computer Systems, November 1984) available on the Massachusetts Institute of Technology's Web site. A later paper, "Active Networking and End-to-End Arguments," by Reed, Saltzer, and Clark (IEEE Network, May/June 1998) describes the importance of end-to-end to the network's development. David Isenberg, who developed a similar set of ideas when he was an engineer at AT&T, praises "The Rise of the Stupid Network" (Computer Telephony, August 1997).
10. The end-to-end argument was first described in J.H. Saltzer, D.P. Reed, and D.D. Clark's paper, "End-to-End Arguments in System Design" (ACM Transactions on Computer Systems, November 1984) available on the Massachusetts Institute of Technology's Web site. A later paper, "Active Networking and End-to-End Arguments," by Reed, Saltzer, and Clark (IEEE Network, May/June 1998) describes the importance of end-to-end to the network's development. David Isenberg, who developed a similar set of ideas when he was an engineer at AT&T, praises "The Rise of the Stupid Network" (Computer Telephony, August 1997).
11. Finally, to track the progress of the range of cases affecting these matters, see the Web site of the most active organization in resistance, the Electronic Frontier Foundation. Further resources are online at the Center for the Public Domain.