The Tibetan ice sheet, Its impact on the palaeomons and relation to the Earth's orbital variation's

Polarforschung

Volumn 71, Issue 1-2, 2001, Pages 1-13

  Kuhle, Matthias ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF GÖTTINGEN   (Germany)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ICE SHEET; LAST GLACIAL MAXIMUM; MONSOON; ORBITAL FORCING; PALEOCLIMATE;

CHINA;

EID: 0040926156     PISSN: 00322490     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Article

References (83)

1. An, Z. S., Liu, T.S., Lu, Y.C., Porter, S.C., Kukla, G., Wu, X.H., & Hua, Y.M. (1990): The long-term paleomonsoon variation recorded by the loess-paleosol sequence in central China.- Quaternary Intern. 7/8: 91-95.
2. Anderson, D.M., & Prell, W.L. (1993): A 300 KYR record of upwelling off Oman during the late Quaternary: Evidence of the Asian southwest monsoon.- Paleoceanography 8: 193-208.
3. Avouac, J.-Ph., Dobremez, J.-F., & Bourjot, L. (1996): Palaeoclimatic interpretation of a topographic profile across middle Holocene regressive shore-lines of Longmu Co (Western Tibet).- Palaeogeogr. Palaeoclimatol. Palaeoecol. 120: 93-104.
4. 2.- Nature 329: 408-414.
5. Berger, A., & Loutre, M.F. (1991): Insolation values for the climate of the last 10 million years.- Quaternary Sci. Rev. 10: 297-317.
6. Berger, A., Li, X.S., & Loutre, M.F. (1999): Modelling northern hemisphere ice volume over the last 3 Ma.- Quaternary Sci. Rev. 18: 1-11.
7. Bielefeld, B. (1997): Investigation into albedo-controlled energy loss during the last glaciation.- GeoJournal 42: 329-336.
8. Broecker, W.S. (1995): Chaotic Climate.- Scientific American 11: 44-50.
9. Broecker, W.S., & Denton, G.H. (1990): What drives glacial cycles?-Scientific American 1: 48-56.
10. Chen Kezao & Bowler, J.M. (1986): Late Pleistocene evolution of salt lakes in the Qaidam basin, Qinghai province, China.- Palaeogeogr. Palaeoclimatol. Palaeoecol. 54: 87-104.
11. Chen, W.Y. (1981): Natural environment of the Pliocene basin in Gyirong, Xizang.- In: Geological and Ecological Studies of Qinghai-Xizang Plateau, Science Press, Beijing, 1: 343-352.
12. Chen Zhiliang (1999): The extending plateau: Late Cenozoic uplift of the northern Tibetan plateau.- Terra Nostra 2: 27.
13. CLIMAP Project Members (1981): Seasonal Reconstructions of the Earth's Surface at the Last Glacial Maximum.- Geol. Soc. America Map and Chart Series. MC-36.
14. COHMAP (1988): Climatic changes of the last 18,000 years: observations and Model Simulations.- Science 241: 1043-1052.
15. Copeland, P. (1997): The when and where of the growth of the Himalaya and the Tibetan Plateau.- In: W.F. RUDDIMAN (ed.),Tectonic Uplift and Climate Change, Plenum Press, New York, 20-41.
16. Croll, J. (1875): Climates and time in their geological relations.- London.
17. DeMenocal, P.B. (1995): Plio-Pleistocene african climate.- Science 270: 53-59.
18. Denton, G.H., & Hughes, T. (1981): The last Great Ice Sheets.- Wiley, New York.
19. DeTerra, H. (1932): Geologische Forschungen im westlichen K'unlun und Karakorum-Himalaya.- Wiss. Ergebnisse der Dr. Trinkler'schen Zentralasien Expedition, 2, Berlin.
20. Ding Ling, Zhong Dalai, Pan Yusheng, Huang Xuan & Wang Qinglong (1995):Evidences of fission track dating on the rapid uplift of east Himalaya Mountains since Pliocene.- Chinese Sci. Bull. 40 (16): 1497-1500.
21. Ding Zhongli, Rutter, N., Han Jingtai, & Liu Tungsheng (1992): A coupled environmental system formed at about 2.5 Ma in East Asia.- Palaeogeogr. Palaeoclimatol. Palaeoecol. 94: 223-242.
22. Ding Zhongli, Liu Tungsheng, Rutter, N., Zhiwei Yu, Zhengtang Guo, & Rixiang Zhu (1995): Ice-volume forcing of East Asian winter monsoon variations in the past 800,000 years.- Quaternary Res. 44: 149-159.
23. Dyke, A.S. (1979): Glacial and sea level history of Cumberland Peninsula, Baffin Island, Northwest Territories, Canada.- Arctic & Alpine Res. 11: 179-202.
24. Emeis, K.-Ch., Anderson, D.M., Doose, H., Kroon, D., & Schulz-Bull, D. (1995): Sea-surface temperatures and the history of monsoon upwelling in the northwest Arabian Sea during the last 500,000 years.- Quaternary Res. 43: 355-361.
25. England, J. (1999): Coalescent Greenland and Innuitian ice during the Last Glacial Maximum: revising the Quaternary of the Canadian High Arctic.- Quaternary Sci. Rev. 18: 421-456.
26. 2, and orbital insolation on Late Quaternary climates: sensitivity experiments with a general circulation model.- Quaternary Sci. Rev. 17: 507-534.
27. 2 around the last three glacial terminations.- Science 283: 1712-1714.
28. Flohn, H. (1981): The elevated heat source of the Tibetan highlands and its role for the large scale atmospheric circulation.- In: Geological and Ecological Studies of the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau., Science Press, Beijing, Gordon and Breach, New York 2: 1463-1469.
29. Gasse, F., Fontes, J.Ch., Van Campo, E., & Wei, K. (1996): Holocene environmental changes in Bangong Co basin (Western Tibet). Part 4: Discussion and conclusions.- Palaeogeogr. Palaeoclimatol. Palaeoecol. 120: 79-92.
30. Harrison, T.M., Copeland, P., Kidd, W.S.F., & An Yin (1992): Raising Tibet.- Science 255: 1663-1670.
31. Haug, G.H., & Tiedemann, R. (1998): Effect of the formation of the Isthmus of Panama on Atlantic Ocean thermohaline circulation.- Nature 393: 673-676.
32. Hays, J.D., Imbrie, J., & Shackleton, N.J. (1976): Variations in the Earth's Orbit: Pacemaker of the Ice Ages.- Science 194: 1121-1132.
33. Hsu, H., Zhang, C., & Wang, Y. (1998): Study on crustal movements of Tibetan plateau and ist mechanism by geodetic methods.- In: Intern. Symposium on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, Xining, China, 4.
34. Hughes, T.J. (1998): Ice Sheets.- Oxford University Press, New York.
35. Huntington, E. (1906): Pangong. A glacial lake in Central Asia.- J. Geol. 14: 599-623 .
36. Ji, H.X., Huang, W.P., Chen, W.Y., Wu, Q.Q., & Zheng, S.H. (1981): The discovery of the Hipparion faunas in Tibet and its significance on the problem of the uplift of the Plateau.- In: Studies on the Period, Amplitude and Type of the Uplift of the Tibetan Plateau.,Science Press, Beijing, 19-25.
37. Jin Xiaochi (1999): Sedimentological response to the uplifting of the West Kunlun in the Cenozoic.- Terra Nostra 2: 79.
38. Karlen, W., Lundqvist, J., Rutter, N.W., Teller, J.T., & Catto, N.R. (1998): Problematic Ice Sheets.-Quaternary Intern. 45/46: 2.
39. Kashiwaya, K., Yaskawa, K., Yuan, B., Liu, J., Gu, Z., Cong, S., & Masuzawa, T. (1991): Paleohydrological processes in Siling-Co (Lake) in the Qing-Zang (Tibetan) Plateau based on the physical properties of its bottom sediments.- Geophys. Res. Letters 18: 1779-1781.
40. Kuhle, M. (1982): Der Dhaulagiri-und Annapurna-Himalaya.- Z. Geomorph., Suppl. 41, Stuttgart.
41. Kuhle, M. (1987): Subtropical mountain-and highland-glaciation as ice age triggers and the waning of the glacial periods in the Pleistocene.- Geo-Journal 14: 393-421.
42. Kuhle, M. (1988): Geomorphological findings on the build-up of Pleistocene glaciation in southern Tibet and on the problem of inland ice. Results of the Shisha Pangma and Mt.Everest Expedition 1984.- GeoJournal 17: 457-511.
43. Kuhle, M. (1990): New data on the Pleistocene glacial cover of the southern border of Tibet: the glaciation of the Kangchendzönga Massif (8585 m, E-Himalaya).- GeoJournal 20: 415-421.
44. Kuhle, M. (1991): Observations supporting the Pleistocene inland glaciation of High Asia. Results of the Sino-German Joint Expeditions (II).- Geo-Journal 25: 133-231.
45. Kuhle, M. (1994): Present and Pleistocene glaciation on the north-western margin of Tibet between the Karakoram Main Ridge and the Tarim Basin supporting the evidence of a Pleistocene inland glaciation in Tibet.- Geo-Journal 33: 133-272.
46. Kuhle, M. (1995): Glacial isostatic uplift of Tibet as a consequence of a former Ice Sheet.- GeoJournal 37: 431-449.
47. Kuhle, M. (1997): New findings concerning the Ice Age (LGM) glacier cover of the East Pamir, of the Nanga Parbat up to the Central Himalaya and of Tibet, as well as the age of the Tibetan inland ice.- GeoJournal 42: 87-257.
48. 2 Late Pleistocene ice sheet on the Tibetan Plateau and its impact on the global climate.- Quaternary Intern. 45/46: 71-108 (additional Figs. in: 47/48: 173-182).
49. Kuhle, M. (in press): Reconstruction of an approximately complete Quaternary Tibetan inland glaciation between the Mt.Everest-and Cho Oyu massifs and the Aksai Chin.- A new glaciogeomorphological SE-NW diagonal profile through Tibet and its consequences for the glacial isostasy and ice age cycle.- GeoJournal 47 (2+3):
50. Kuhle, M., & Jacobsen, J.-P. (1988): On the geoecology of Southern Tibet.- GeoJournal 17: 597-613.
51. Kukla, G., & An, Z.S. (1989): Loess stratigraphy in central China.- Palaeogeogr. Palaeoclimatol. Palaeoecol. 72: 203-225.
52. Kutzbach, J., Gallimore, R., Harrison, S., Behling, P., Selin, R., & Laarif, F. (1998): Climate and biome simulations for the past 21,000 years.- Quaternary Sci. Rev. 17: 473-506.
53. Landvik, J.Y., Bondevik, S., Elverhoi, A., Fjeldskaar, W., Mangerud, J., Salvigsen, O., Siegert, M.J., Svendsen, J.-I., & Vorren, T.O. (1998): The last glacial maximum of Svalbard and the Barents Sea area: Ice Sheet extent and configuration.- Quaternary Sci. Rev. 17: 43-75.
54. Manabe, S., & Broccoli, A.J. (1985): The influence of continental ice sheets on the climate of an ice age.- J. Geophys. Res. 90: 2167-2190.
55. Mangerud, J., Dokken, T., Hebbeln, D., Heggen, B., Ingolfsson, O., Landvik, J.Y., Mejdahl, V., Svendsen, J.I., & Vorren, T.O. (1998): Fluctuations of the Svalbard-Barents Sea Ice Sheet during the last 150 000 years.- Quaternary Sci. Rev. 17: 11-42.
56. Marsiat, I. (1994): Simulation of the northern hemisphere continental ice sheets over the last glacial-interglacial cycle: experiments with a latitude-longitude vertically integrated ice sheet model coupled to a zonally averaged climate model.- Palaeoclimates 1: 59-98.
57. Maslin, M.A., Haug, G.H., & Sarnthein, M. (1996): The progressive intensification of northern hemisphere glaciation as seen from the North Pacific.- Geol. Rundschau 85: 452-465.
58. Maslin, M.A., Li, X.S., Loutre, M.-F., & Berger, A. (1998): The contribution of orbital forcing to the progressive intensification of northern hemisphere glaciation.- Quaternary Sci. Rev. 17: 411-426.
59. Morley, J.J., & Dworetzky, B.A. (1991): Evolving Pliocene-Pleistocene climate: a North Pacific perspective.- Quaternary Sci. Rev. 10: 225-237.
60. Norin, E. (1932): Quaternary climatic changes within the Tarim Basin.- Geogr. Rev. 22: 591-598.
61. Odell, N.E. (1925): Observations on the rocks and glaciers of Mount Everest.- Geogr. J. 66: 286-315.
62. 2 : Geographic distributions of primary variables.- J. Climate 5: 66-92.
63. Pachur, H.-J., & Wünnemann, B. (1995): Lake evolution in the Tengger Desert, northwestern China, during the last 40,000 years.- Quaternary Res. 44: 171-180.
64. 2 concentrations and the expansion of C4 Grasses.- Science 285: 876-879.
65. Pearson, P.N., & Palmer, M.R. (1999): Middle Eocene seawater pH and atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations.- Science 284: 1824-1826.
66. Prell, W.L., & Kutzbach, J.E. (1992): Sensitivity of the Indian monsoon to forcing parameters and implications for its evolution.- Nature 360: 647-652.
67. Prell, W.L., & Kutzbach, J.E. (1997): The impact of Tibet-Himalayan elevation on the sensitivity of the monsoon climate system to changes in solar radiation.- In: W.F. RUDDIMAN (ed.), Tectonic Uplift and Climate Change, Plenum Press, New York, 171-201.
68. Quade, J., Cerling, T.E., & Bowman, J.R. (1989): Development of Asian monsoon revealed by marked ecological shift during the latest Miocene in northern Pakistan.- Nature 342: 163-166.
69. Rhodes, T.E., Gasse, F., Lin Ruifen, Fontes, J.Ch., Wei Keqin, Bertrand, P., Gibert, E., Melieres, F., Tucholka, P., Wang Zhixiang & Cheng Zhi Yuan (1996): A Late Pleistocene-Holocene lacustrine record from Lake Manas, Zunggar (Northern Xinjiang, Western China).- Palaeogeogr. Palaeoclimatol. Palaeoecol. 120: 105-118.
70. Ruddiman, W.F., & Kurzbach, J.E. (1991): Plateau uplift and climatic change.- Scientific American 3: 42-50.
71. Ruddiman, W.F., Raymo, M.E., Prell, W.L., & Kutzbach J.E. (1997): The uplift-climate connection: A synthesis.- In: W.F. RUDDIMAN (ed.), Tectonic Uplift and Climate Change, Plenum Press, New York, 471-515.
72. Rutter, N., & Ding, Z. (1993): Paleoclimates and monsoon variations interpreted from micromorphogenic features of the Baoji Paleosols, China.- Quaternary Sci. Rev. 12: 853-862.
73. Shackleton, N.J., Imbrie, F.R.S., & Pisias, N.G. (1988): The evolution of oxygen-isotope variability in the North Atlantic over the past three million years.- Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B 318: 679-688.
74. Shi, Y., Zheng, B., & Li, S. (1992): Last glaciation and maximum glaciation in the Qinghai-Xizang (Tibet) Plateau: A controversy to M. Kuhle's ice sheet hypothesis.- Z. Geomorph. N.F., Suppl. 84: 19-35.
75. Tafel, A. (1914): Meine Tibetreise. Eine Studienfahrt durch das nordwestliche China und durch die innere Mongolei in das östliche Tibet. 2 vol., Stuttgart, Berlin, Leipzig.
76. 18O and dust flux records of Ocean Drilling Program site 659.- Paleoceanography 9: 619-638.
77. Trinkler, E. (1930): The ice age on the Tibetan Plateau and adjacent regions.- Geogr. J. 75: 225-232.
78. Van Campo, E., & Gasse, F. (1993): Pollen-and diatom-inferred climatic and hydrological changes in Sumxi Co Basin (Western Tibet) since 13,000 yr B.P..- Quaternary Res. 39: 300-313.
79. Verbitsky, M.Y., & Oglesby, R.J. (1992): The effect of atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration on continental glaciation of the northern hemisphere.- J. Geophys. Res. 97: 5895-5909.
80. Wissmann, H.v. (1959): Die heutige Vergletscherung und Schneegrenze in Hochasien mit Hinweisen auf die Vergletscherung der letzten Eiszeit.- Akad. Wiss.u. Lit., Abh. Math.-Nat.wiss.Kl. 14: 1103-1407.
81. Wünnemann, B., & Pachur, H.-J., Li Jijun & Zhang Hucai (1998): Chronologie der pleistozänen und holozänen Seespiegelschwankungen des Gaxun Nur/Sogo Nur und Baijian Hu, Innere Mongolei, Nordwestchina.- Petermanns Geogr. Mitt. 142: 191-206.
82. Xiao, J., Porter, S.C., An, Z., Kumai, H., & Yoshikawa, S. (1995): Grain size of quartz as an indicator of winter monsoon strength on the loess plateau of central China during the last 130,000 yr.- Quaternary Res. 43: 22-29.
83. Zhong Dalai & Ding Lin (1996): Uplift process of Tibetan Plateau and its geodynamics.- Science in China D 26: 289-295.