Sacred neighborhoods and secular neighborhoods: Milan and Paris in the eighteenth century

Journal of Urban History

Volumn 27, Issue 4, 2001, Pages 405-419

  Garrioch, David ^a  

^a MONASH UNIVERSITY   (Australia)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ART; ARTICLE; ARTIFACT; CITY; CITY PLANNING; CONSUMER; CULTURAL FACTOR; DEMOGRAPHY; ECONOMICS; EDUCATION; ETHNOLOGY; FRANCE; GOVERNMENT; HEALTH; HISTORY; ITALY; LEGAL ASPECT; ORGANIZATION; POLICY; PSYCHOLOGICAL ASPECT; RELIGION; SECULARISM; SOCIAL BEHAVIOR; SOCIALIZATION; SOCIOECONOMICS; URBAN POPULATION;

ART; ARTIFACTS; CITIES; CITY PLANNING; CONSUMER PARTICIPATION; CULTURAL CHARACTERISTICS; HISTORY, 18TH CENTURY; ITALY; LOCAL GOVERNMENT; ORGANIZATIONS; PARIS; RELIGION; RESIDENCE CHARACTERISTICS; SECULARISM; SOCIAL BEHAVIOR; SOCIALIZATION; SOCIOECONOMIC FACTORS; URBAN HEALTH; URBAN POPULATION; URBAN RENEWAL;

EID: 0040925735     PISSN: 00961442     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1177/009614420102700402     Document Type: Article

References (70)

1. Some examples are Diane Owen Hughes, "Kinsmen and Neighbours in Medieval Genoa," in H. A. Miskimin, David Herlihy, and A. L. Udovitch, eds., The Medieval City (New Haven, 1977), 95-111 D. V. and F. W. Kent, Neighbors and Neighborhood in Renaissance Florence (Locust Valley, NY, 1982). Nicholas Eckstein, The District of the Green Dragon. Neighbourhood Life and Social Change in Renaissance Florence (Florence, 1995). Jeremy Boulton, Neighbourhood and Society: A London Suburb in the Seventeenth Century (Cambridge and New York, 1987). James R. Farr, Hands of Honor. Artisans and their World in Dijon, 1550-1650 (Ithaca and London, 1988), esp. pp. 150-95. David Garrioch, Neighbourhood and Community in Paris, 1740-1790 (Cambridge, 1986). Ellen Ross, "Survival Networks: Women's Neighbourhood Sharing in London before World War I," History Workshop Journal 15 (Spring 1983): 4-27. Herbert J. Gans, The Urban Villagers: Group and Class in the Life of Italian-Americans (New York, 1962). Ulf Hannerz, Soulside: Inquiries into Ghetto Culture and Community (Stockholm, 1969). Lea Jellinek, The Wheel of Fortune: The History of a Poor Community in Jakarta (Sydney, 1991).
2. Some examples are Diane Owen Hughes, "Kinsmen and Neighbours in Medieval Genoa," in H. A. Miskimin, David Herlihy, and A. L. Udovitch, eds., The Medieval City (New Haven, 1977), 95-111 D. V. and F. W. Kent, Neighbors and Neighborhood in Renaissance Florence (Locust Valley, NY, 1982). Nicholas Eckstein, The District of the Green Dragon. Neighbourhood Life and Social Change in Renaissance Florence (Florence, 1995). Jeremy Boulton, Neighbourhood and Society: A London Suburb in the Seventeenth Century (Cambridge and New York, 1987). James R. Farr, Hands of Honor. Artisans and their World in Dijon, 1550-1650 (Ithaca and London, 1988), esp. pp. 150-95. David Garrioch, Neighbourhood and Community in Paris, 1740-1790 (Cambridge, 1986). Ellen Ross, "Survival Networks: Women's Neighbourhood Sharing in London before World War I," History Workshop Journal 15 (Spring 1983): 4-27. Herbert J. Gans, The Urban Villagers: Group and Class in the Life of Italian-Americans (New York, 1962). Ulf Hannerz, Soulside: Inquiries into Ghetto Culture and Community (Stockholm, 1969). Lea Jellinek, The Wheel of Fortune: The History of a Poor Community in Jakarta (Sydney, 1991).
3. Some examples are Diane Owen Hughes, "Kinsmen and Neighbours in Medieval Genoa," in H. A. Miskimin, David Herlihy, and A. L. Udovitch, eds., The Medieval City (New Haven, 1977), 95-111 D. V. and F. W. Kent, Neighbors and Neighborhood in Renaissance Florence (Locust Valley, NY, 1982). Nicholas Eckstein, The District of the Green Dragon. Neighbourhood Life and Social Change in Renaissance Florence (Florence, 1995). Jeremy Boulton, Neighbourhood and Society: A London Suburb in the Seventeenth Century (Cambridge and New York, 1987). James R. Farr, Hands of Honor. Artisans and their World in Dijon, 1550-1650 (Ithaca and London, 1988), esp. pp. 150-95. David Garrioch, Neighbourhood and Community in Paris, 1740-1790 (Cambridge, 1986). Ellen Ross, "Survival Networks: Women's Neighbourhood Sharing in London before World War I," History Workshop Journal 15 (Spring 1983): 4-27. Herbert J. Gans, The Urban Villagers: Group and Class in the Life of Italian-Americans (New York, 1962). Ulf Hannerz, Soulside: Inquiries into Ghetto Culture and Community (Stockholm, 1969). Lea Jellinek, The Wheel of Fortune: The History of a Poor Community in Jakarta (Sydney, 1991).
4. Some examples are Diane Owen Hughes, "Kinsmen and Neighbours in Medieval Genoa," in H. A. Miskimin, David Herlihy, and A. L. Udovitch, eds., The Medieval City (New Haven, 1977), 95-111 D. V. and F. W. Kent, Neighbors and Neighborhood in Renaissance Florence (Locust Valley, NY, 1982). Nicholas Eckstein, The District of the Green Dragon. Neighbourhood Life and Social Change in Renaissance Florence (Florence, 1995). Jeremy Boulton, Neighbourhood and Society: A London Suburb in the Seventeenth Century (Cambridge and New York, 1987). James R. Farr, Hands of Honor. Artisans and their World in Dijon, 1550-1650 (Ithaca and London, 1988), esp. pp. 150-95. David Garrioch, Neighbourhood and Community in Paris, 1740-1790 (Cambridge, 1986). Ellen Ross, "Survival Networks: Women's Neighbourhood Sharing in London before World War I," History Workshop Journal 15 (Spring 1983): 4-27. Herbert J. Gans, The Urban Villagers: Group and Class in the Life of Italian-Americans (New York, 1962). Ulf Hannerz, Soulside: Inquiries into Ghetto Culture and Community (Stockholm, 1969). Lea Jellinek, The Wheel of Fortune: The History of a Poor Community in Jakarta (Sydney, 1991).
5. Some examples are Diane Owen Hughes, "Kinsmen and Neighbours in Medieval Genoa," in H. A. Miskimin, David Herlihy, and A. L. Udovitch, eds., The Medieval City (New Haven, 1977), 95-111 D. V. and F. W. Kent, Neighbors and Neighborhood in Renaissance Florence (Locust Valley, NY, 1982). Nicholas Eckstein, The District of the Green Dragon. Neighbourhood Life and Social Change in Renaissance Florence (Florence, 1995). Jeremy Boulton, Neighbourhood and Society: A London Suburb in the Seventeenth Century (Cambridge and New York, 1987). James R. Farr, Hands of Honor. Artisans and their World in Dijon, 1550-1650 (Ithaca and London, 1988), esp. pp. 150-95. David Garrioch, Neighbourhood and Community in Paris, 1740-1790 (Cambridge, 1986). Ellen Ross, "Survival Networks: Women's Neighbourhood Sharing in London before World War I," History Workshop Journal 15 (Spring 1983): 4-27. Herbert J. Gans, The Urban Villagers: Group and Class in the Life of Italian-Americans (New York, 1962). Ulf Hannerz, Soulside: Inquiries into Ghetto Culture and Community (Stockholm, 1969). Lea Jellinek, The Wheel of Fortune: The History of a Poor Community in Jakarta (Sydney, 1991).
6. Some examples are Diane Owen Hughes, "Kinsmen and Neighbours in Medieval Genoa," in H. A. Miskimin, David Herlihy, and A. L. Udovitch, eds., The Medieval City (New Haven, 1977), 95-111 D. V. and F. W. Kent, Neighbors and Neighborhood in Renaissance Florence (Locust Valley, NY, 1982). Nicholas Eckstein, The District of the Green Dragon. Neighbourhood Life and Social Change in Renaissance Florence (Florence, 1995). Jeremy Boulton, Neighbourhood and Society: A London Suburb in the Seventeenth Century (Cambridge and New York, 1987). James R. Farr, Hands of Honor. Artisans and their World in Dijon, 1550-1650 (Ithaca and London, 1988), esp. pp. 150-95. David Garrioch, Neighbourhood and Community in Paris, 1740-1790 (Cambridge, 1986). Ellen Ross, "Survival Networks: Women's Neighbourhood Sharing in London before World War I," History Workshop Journal 15 (Spring 1983): 4-27. Herbert J. Gans, The Urban Villagers: Group and Class in the Life of Italian-Americans (New York, 1962). Ulf Hannerz, Soulside: Inquiries into Ghetto Culture and Community (Stockholm, 1969). Lea Jellinek, The Wheel of Fortune: The History of a Poor Community in Jakarta (Sydney, 1991).
7. Some examples are Diane Owen Hughes, "Kinsmen and Neighbours in Medieval Genoa," in H. A. Miskimin, David Herlihy, and A. L. Udovitch, eds., The Medieval City (New Haven, 1977), 95-111 D. V. and F. W. Kent, Neighbors and Neighborhood in Renaissance Florence (Locust Valley, NY, 1982). Nicholas Eckstein, The District of the Green Dragon. Neighbourhood Life and Social Change in Renaissance Florence (Florence, 1995). Jeremy Boulton, Neighbourhood and Society: A London Suburb in the Seventeenth Century (Cambridge and New York, 1987). James R. Farr, Hands of Honor. Artisans and their World in Dijon, 1550-1650 (Ithaca and London, 1988), esp. pp. 150-95. David Garrioch, Neighbourhood and Community in Paris, 1740-1790 (Cambridge, 1986). Ellen Ross, "Survival Networks: Women's Neighbourhood Sharing in London before World War I," History Workshop Journal 15 (Spring 1983): 4-27. Herbert J. Gans, The Urban Villagers: Group and Class in the Life of Italian-Americans (New York, 1962). Ulf Hannerz, Soulside: Inquiries into Ghetto Culture and Community (Stockholm, 1969). Lea Jellinek, The Wheel of Fortune: The History of a Poor Community in Jakarta (Sydney, 1991).
8. Some examples are Diane Owen Hughes, "Kinsmen and Neighbours in Medieval Genoa," in H. A. Miskimin, David Herlihy, and A. L. Udovitch, eds., The Medieval City (New Haven, 1977), 95-111 D. V. and F. W. Kent, Neighbors and Neighborhood in Renaissance Florence (Locust Valley, NY, 1982). Nicholas Eckstein, The District of the Green Dragon. Neighbourhood Life and Social Change in Renaissance Florence (Florence, 1995). Jeremy Boulton, Neighbourhood and Society: A London Suburb in the Seventeenth Century (Cambridge and New York, 1987). James R. Farr, Hands of Honor. Artisans and their World in Dijon, 1550-1650 (Ithaca and London, 1988), esp. pp. 150-95. David Garrioch, Neighbourhood and Community in Paris, 1740-1790 (Cambridge, 1986). Ellen Ross, "Survival Networks: Women's Neighbourhood Sharing in London before World War I," History Workshop Journal 15 (Spring 1983): 4-27. Herbert J. Gans, The Urban Villagers: Group and Class in the Life of Italian-Americans (New York, 1962). Ulf Hannerz, Soulside: Inquiries into Ghetto Culture and Community (Stockholm, 1969). Lea Jellinek, The Wheel of Fortune: The History of a Poor Community in Jakarta (Sydney, 1991).
9. Some examples are Diane Owen Hughes, "Kinsmen and Neighbours in Medieval Genoa," in H. A. Miskimin, David Herlihy, and A. L. Udovitch, eds., The Medieval City (New Haven, 1977), 95-111 D. V. and F. W. Kent, Neighbors and Neighborhood in Renaissance Florence (Locust Valley, NY, 1982). Nicholas Eckstein, The District of the Green Dragon. Neighbourhood Life and Social Change in Renaissance Florence (Florence, 1995). Jeremy Boulton, Neighbourhood and Society: A London Suburb in the Seventeenth Century (Cambridge and New York, 1987). James R. Farr, Hands of Honor. Artisans and their World in Dijon, 1550-1650 (Ithaca and London, 1988), esp. pp. 150-95. David Garrioch, Neighbourhood and Community in Paris, 1740-1790 (Cambridge, 1986). Ellen Ross, "Survival Networks: Women's Neighbourhood Sharing in London before World War I," History Workshop Journal 15 (Spring 1983): 4-27. Herbert J. Gans, The Urban Villagers: Group and Class in the Life of Italian-Americans (New York, 1962). Ulf Hannerz, Soulside: Inquiries into Ghetto Culture and Community (Stockholm, 1969). Lea Jellinek, The Wheel of Fortune: The History of a Poor Community in Jakarta (Sydney, 1991).
10. Some examples are Diane Owen Hughes, "Kinsmen and Neighbours in Medieval Genoa," in H. A. Miskimin, David Herlihy, and A. L. Udovitch, eds., The Medieval City (New Haven, 1977), 95-111 D. V. and F. W. Kent, Neighbors and Neighborhood in Renaissance Florence (Locust Valley, NY, 1982). Nicholas Eckstein, The District of the Green Dragon. Neighbourhood Life and Social Change in Renaissance Florence (Florence, 1995). Jeremy Boulton, Neighbourhood and Society: A London Suburb in the Seventeenth Century (Cambridge and New York, 1987). James R. Farr, Hands of Honor. Artisans and their World in Dijon, 1550-1650 (Ithaca and London, 1988), esp. pp. 150-95. David Garrioch, Neighbourhood and Community in Paris, 1740-1790 (Cambridge, 1986). Ellen Ross, "Survival Networks: Women's Neighbourhood Sharing in London before World War I," History Workshop Journal 15 (Spring 1983): 4-27. Herbert J. Gans, The Urban Villagers: Group and Class in the Life of Italian-Americans (New York, 1962). Ulf Hannerz, Soulside: Inquiries into Ghetto Culture and Community (Stockholm, 1969). Lea Jellinek, The Wheel of Fortune: The History of a Poor Community in Jakarta (Sydney, 1991).
11. For the definition of a neighborhood community see Garrioch, Neighbourhood and Community, 5-6
12. The best general descriptions of late eighteenth-century Paris are Richard Mowery Andrews, "Paris of the Great Revolution: 1789-1796," in Gene Brucker, ed., People and Communities in the Western World (Homewood, Illinois, 1979), 56-112, and Jeffry Kaplow, The Names of Kings (New York, 1972). On the city's economy and population see Daniel Roche, The People of Paris (Leamington Spa and New York, 1987. First published Paris, 1981) and Daniel Roche, The Culture of Clothing (Cambridge, 1994. First published Paris, 1989).
13. The best general descriptions of late eighteenth-century Paris are Richard Mowery Andrews, "Paris of the Great Revolution: 1789-1796," in Gene Brucker, ed., People and Communities in the Western World (Homewood, Illinois, 1979), 56-112, and Jeffry Kaplow, The Names of Kings (New York, 1972). On the city's economy and population see Daniel Roche, The People of Paris (Leamington Spa and New York, 1987. First published Paris, 1981) and Daniel Roche, The Culture of Clothing (Cambridge, 1994. First published Paris, 1989).
14. The best general descriptions of late eighteenth-century Paris are Richard Mowery Andrews, "Paris of the Great Revolution: 1789-1796," in Gene Brucker, ed., People and Communities in the Western World (Homewood, Illinois, 1979), 56-112, and Jeffry Kaplow, The Names of Kings (New York, 1972). On the city's economy and population see Daniel Roche, The People of Paris (Leamington Spa and New York, 1987. First published Paris, 1981) and Daniel Roche, The Culture of Clothing (Cambridge, 1994. First published Paris, 1989).
15. The best general descriptions of late eighteenth-century Paris are Richard Mowery Andrews, "Paris of the Great Revolution: 1789-1796," in Gene Brucker, ed., People and Communities in the Western World (Homewood, Illinois, 1979), 56-112, and Jeffry Kaplow, The Names of Kings (New York, 1972). On the city's economy and population see Daniel Roche, The People of Paris (Leamington Spa and New York, 1987. First published Paris, 1981) and Daniel Roche, The Culture of Clothing (Cambridge, 1994. First published Paris, 1989).
16. Carlo Capra, La Lombardia Austriaca Nell'Età delle Riforme (Turin, 1987), 408, 423-428. Stona di Milano, vol. XII, L'Età delle Riforme, 1706-1796 (Milan, 1959), 460.
17. Carlo Capra, La Lombardia Austriaca Nell'Età delle Riforme (Turin, 1987), 408, 423-428. Stona di Milano, vol. XII, L'Età delle Riforme, 1706-1796 (Milan, 1959), 460.
18. Mario Rosa, "Organizzazione ecclesiastica e vita religiosa in Lombardia dell'età dei Borromei al periodo napoleonico-Lince per una ricerca," in Problemi di Storia religiosa lombarda (Como, 1972), 159-84 (p. 180). Lucia Sebastiani, "La riorganizzazione delle parrocchie milanesi nel periodo giuseppino," Quaderni Storici 15 (1970): 866-910 (p. 871). See also Gianvittorio Signorotto, "Milano sacra. Organizzazione del culto e consenso tra XVI e XVIII secolo," in Franco Della Peruta, Roberto Leydi, and Angelo Stella, eds., Milano e il suo territorio (Milan, 1985), 581-629 (p. 581).
19. Mario Rosa, "Organizzazione ecclesiastica e vita religiosa in Lombardia dell'età dei Borromei al periodo napoleonico-Lince per una ricerca," in Problemi di Storia religiosa lombarda (Como, 1972), 159-84 (p. 180). Lucia Sebastiani, "La riorganizzazione delle parrocchie milanesi nel periodo giuseppino," Quaderni Storici 15 (1970): 866-910 (p. 871). See also Gianvittorio Signorotto, "Milano sacra. Organizzazione del culto e consenso tra XVI e XVIII secolo," in Franco Della Peruta, Roberto Leydi, and Angelo Stella, eds., Milano e il suo territorio (Milan, 1985), 581-629 (p. 581).
20. Mario Rosa, "Organizzazione ecclesiastica e vita religiosa in Lombardia dell'età dei Borromei al periodo napoleonico-Lince per una ricerca," in Problemi di Storia religiosa lombarda (Como, 1972), 159-84 (p. 180). Lucia Sebastiani, "La riorganizzazione delle parrocchie milanesi nel periodo giuseppino," Quaderni Storici 15 (1970): 866-910 (p. 871). See also Gianvittorio Signorotto, "Milano sacra. Organizzazione del culto e consenso tra XVI e XVIII secolo," in Franco Della Peruta, Roberto Leydi, and Angelo Stella, eds., Milano e il suo territorio (Milan, 1985), 581-629 (p. 581).
21. An Agreeable Criticism of Paris and the French (London, 1706), quoted in Kaplow, Names of Kings, 111. Louis-Sébastien Mercier, Tableau de Paris, 12 vols. (Amsterdam, 1782-1788), iv, 160. The Diary of John Quincy Adams, 2 vols. (Cambridge, MA, 1981), i, 227.
22. An Agreeable Criticism of Paris and the French (London, 1706), quoted in Kaplow, Names of Kings, 111. Louis-Sébastien Mercier, Tableau de Paris, 12 vols. (Amsterdam, 1782-1788), iv, 160. The Diary of John Quincy Adams, 2 vols. (Cambridge, MA, 1981), i, 227.
23. An Agreeable Criticism of Paris and the French (London, 1706), quoted in Kaplow, Names of Kings, 111. Louis-Sébastien Mercier, Tableau de Paris, 12 vols. (Amsterdam, 1782-1788), iv, 160. The Diary of John Quincy Adams, 2 vols. (Cambridge, MA, 1981), i, 227.
24. Garrioch, Neighbourhood and Community, 16-55
25. Bibliothèque nationale, Paris [henceforth BN], Joly de Fleury Collection MS 1590, fols 234-42. Archives nationales, Paris [henceforth AN], LL 837 and LL 838. J-J. Expilly, Dictionnaire géographique, historique et politique des Gaules et de la France (Amsterdam, 1762-1770), v, 481-2.
26. AN Y12596, 4 June 1752. AN Y10994, 6 June 1752.
27. Marina Olivieri Baldissarri, I "poveri prigioni." La confraternità della Santa Croce e della Pietà dei carcerati a Milano nei secoli XVII-XVIII (Milan, 1985), 7-46. Signorotto, "Milano sacra," 610. Archivio di Stato, Milan [henceforth ASM], Amministrazione del Fondo di Religione 1477. ASM, Culto p.a. 2222.
28. Marina Olivieri Baldissarri, I "poveri prigioni." La confraternità della Santa Croce e della Pietà dei carcerati a Milano nei secoli XVII-XVIII (Milan, 1985), 7-46. Signorotto, "Milano sacra," 610. Archivio di Stato, Milan [henceforth ASM], Amministrazione del Fondo di Religione 1477. ASM, Culto p.a. 2222.
29. Ricardo Bottoni, "Le confraternite milanesi nell'età di Maria Teresa: Aspetti e problemi," in A. De Maddelena, E. Rotelli, and G. Barbarisi, eds., Economia, istituzioni, cultura in Lombardia nell'età di Maria Teresa, 3 vols (Bologna, 1982), iii, 595-607 (p. 597).
30. ASM, Ammin. Fondo di Relig. 1567, 6 Giugno 1763. Occupations from Archivio Storico Civico, Milan, Località 103.
31. Signorotto, "Milano sacra," 612. ASM, Culto p.a. 2085.
32. ASM, Culto p.a. 2097.
33. ASM, Culto p.a. 2097, 2084.
34. ASM, Culto p.a. 2084.
35. Danilo Zardin, "Confraternite e 'congregazioni' gesuitiche a Milano fra tardo Seicento e riforme settecentesche," in Antonio Acerbi and Massimo Marocchi, eds., Ricerche sulla Chiesa di Milano nel Settecento (Milan, 1988), 180-252 (p. 252, note 139). Zardin also observes that "è ragionevole pensare che le reti della parentela e delle convergenze professionali o di quartiere constituiscano il supporto del reclutamento delle congregazione e della loro stabilità nel tempo," and that the friendships they created "non potevano non alimentare un senso di identità e anche di solidarietà collettiva."
36. ASM, Ammin. Fondo di Relig. 1477. Culto p.a. 2097.
37. ASM, Ammin. Fondo di relig. 1567.
38. ASM, Ammin. Fondo di Relig. 1567, Treasurer's book. ASM, Ammin. Fondo di Relig. 1477.
39. ASM, Ammin. Fondo di Relig. 1477.
40. ASM, Culto p.a. 2097, memorandum of 1772.
41. Sebastiani, "La riorganizzazione delle panocchie," 902. Domenico Sella and Carlo Capra, Il ducato di Milano dal 1535 al 1796 (Turin, 1984), 190.
42. Sebastiani, "La riorganizzazione delle panocchie," 902. Domenico Sella and Carlo Capra, Il ducato di Milano dal 1535 al 1796 (Turin, 1984), 190.
43. Carlo Castiglioni, "Soppressioni Religiose Avanti la Rivoluzione Francese," Memorie Storiche della Diocesi di Milano 5 (1958): 7-38 (pp. 19-25). A fifth of the population of Porta Comasina was reported to belong to a lay confraternity in 1782: Sebastiani, "Riorganizzazione," 871. For Paris, a survey of 1760 covering half the churches and monasteries lists 147 confraternities: BN, Joly de Fleury Collection, MS 1590.
44. Carlo Castiglioni, "Soppressioni Religiose Avanti la Rivoluzione Francese," Memorie Storiche della Diocesi di Milano 5 (1958): 7-38 (pp. 19-25). A fifth of the population of Porta Comasina was reported to belong to a lay confraternity in 1782: Sebastiani, "Riorganizzazione," 871. For Paris, a survey of 1760 covering half the churches and monasteries lists 147 confraternities: BN, Joly de Fleury Collection, MS 1590.
45. Numbers of clergy calculated from figures for Porta Comasina for 1782 given by Sebastiani, "Riorganizzazione," 871 and for Paris in 1789 by Madelaine Foisil, "L'époque moderne," in Bernard Plongeron, ed., Le Diocèse de Paris, vol. 1, Des Origines à la Révolution (Paris, 1987), 354.
46. Numbers of clergy calculated from figures for Porta Comasina for 1782 given by Sebastiani, "Riorganizzazione," 871 and for Paris in 1789 by Madelaine Foisil, "L'époque moderne," in Bernard Plongeron, ed., Le Diocèse de Paris, vol. 1, Des Origines à la Révolution (Paris, 1987), 354.
47. Robert Descimon, "L'échevinage parisien sous Henri IV (1594-1609). Autonomie urbaine, conflits politiques et exclusives sociales," in Neithard Bulst and J.-Ph. Genet, eds., La Ville, la bourgeoisie et la genèse de l'état moderne (Paris, 1988), 113-50.
48. Garrioch, Formation of the Parisian Bourgeoisie, 268-72. Sarah Maza, Private Lives and Public Affairs. The Causes Célèbres of Prerevolutionary France (Berkeley, 1993). David Bell, Lawyers and Citizens: The Making of a Political Elite (Oxford, 1994).
49. Garrioch, Formation of the Parisian Bourgeoisie, 268-72. Sarah Maza, Private Lives and Public Affairs. The Causes Célèbres of Prerevolutionary France (Berkeley, 1993). David Bell, Lawyers and Citizens: The Making of a Political Elite (Oxford, 1994).
50. Garrioch, Formation of the Parisian Bourgeoisie, 268-72. Sarah Maza, Private Lives and Public Affairs. The Causes Célèbres of Prerevolutionary France (Berkeley, 1993). David Bell, Lawyers and Citizens: The Making of a Political Elite (Oxford, 1994).
51. Mona Ozouf, "Le Cortège et la ville. Les itinéraires parisiens des cortèges révolutionnaires," Annales: ESC 26 (1971): 889-916 (pp. 890-891). Richard Sennett, Flesh and Stone (New York, 1994), 264.
52. Mona Ozouf, "Le Cortège et la ville. Les itinéraires parisiens des cortèges révolutionnaires," Annales: ESC 26 (1971): 889-916 (pp. 890-891). Richard Sennett, Flesh and Stone (New York, 1994), 264.
53. Ada Annoni, "Giurisdizionalismo ed episcopalismo," in A. Capriolo, A. Rimoldi, L. Vaccaro, eds., Chiesa e società. Appunti per una storia delle diocesi Lombarde (Brescia, 1986), 141-77 (p. 167). Sella and Capra, Il ducato di Milano, 383-4, 388.
54. Ada Annoni, "Giurisdizionalismo ed episcopalismo," in A. Capriolo, A. Rimoldi, L. Vaccaro, eds., Chiesa e società. Appunti per una storia delle diocesi Lombarde (Brescia, 1986), 141-77 (p. 167). Sella and Capra, Il ducato di Milano, 383-4, 388.
55. Sella and Capra, Il ducato di Milano, 388.
56. ASM Culto p.a. 2084. Italo Sordi, "La ritualità pubblica e il suo controllo nelle gride della Lombardia austriaca prenapoleonica," in Peruta et al., Milano e il suo territorio, 553-80. Baldissarri, I "poveri prigioni," 45. Signorotto, "Milano sacra," 611, and "Un eccesso di devozione. Preghiere pubbliche ai morti nella Milano del XVIII secolo," Società e storia 20 (1983): 305-36. Bottoni, "Le confraternite milanesi," 599. Sella and Capra, Il ducato di Milano, 191-2.
57. ASM Culto p.a. 2084. Italo Sordi, "La ritualità pubblica e il suo controllo nelle gride della Lombardia austriaca prenapoleonica," in Peruta et al., Milano e il suo territorio, 553-80. Baldissarri, I "poveri prigioni," 45. Signorotto, "Milano sacra," 611, and "Un eccesso di devozione. Preghiere pubbliche ai morti nella Milano del XVIII secolo," Società e storia 20 (1983): 305-36. Bottoni, "Le confraternite milanesi," 599. Sella and Capra, Il ducato di Milano, 191-2.
58. ASM Culto p.a. 2084. Italo Sordi, "La ritualità pubblica e il suo controllo nelle gride della Lombardia austriaca prenapoleonica," in Peruta et al., Milano e il suo territorio, 553-80. Baldissarri, I "poveri prigioni," 45. Signorotto, "Milano sacra," 611, and "Un eccesso di devozione. Preghiere pubbliche ai morti nella Milano del XVIII secolo," Società e storia 20 (1983): 305-36. Bottoni, "Le confraternite milanesi," 599. Sella and Capra, Il ducato di Milano, 191-2.
59. ASM Culto p.a. 2084. Italo Sordi, "La ritualità pubblica e il suo controllo nelle gride della Lombardia austriaca prenapoleonica," in Peruta et al., Milano e il suo territorio, 553-80. Baldissarri, I "poveri prigioni," 45. Signorotto, "Milano sacra," 611, and "Un eccesso di devozione. Preghiere pubbliche ai morti nella Milano del XVIII secolo," Società e storia 20 (1983): 305-36. Bottoni, "Le confraternite milanesi," 599. Sella and Capra, Il ducato di Milano, 191-2.
60. ASM Culto p.a. 2084. Italo Sordi, "La ritualità pubblica e il suo controllo nelle gride della Lombardia austriaca prenapoleonica," in Peruta et al., Milano e il suo territorio, 553-80. Baldissarri, I "poveri prigioni," 45. Signorotto, "Milano sacra," 611, and "Un eccesso di devozione. Preghiere pubbliche ai morti nella Milano del XVIII secolo," Società e storia 20 (1983): 305-36. Bottoni, "Le confraternite milanesi," 599. Sella and Capra, Il ducato di Milano, 191-2.
61. ASM Culto p.a. 2084. Italo Sordi, "La ritualità pubblica e il suo controllo nelle gride della Lombardia austriaca prenapoleonica," in Peruta et al., Milano e il suo territorio, 553-80. Baldissarri, I "poveri prigioni," 45. Signorotto, "Milano sacra," 611, and "Un eccesso di devozione. Preghiere pubbliche ai morti nella Milano del XVIII secolo," Società e storia 20 (1983): 305-36. Bottoni, "Le confraternite milanesi," 599. Sella and Capra, Il ducato di Milano, 191-2.
62. Kent and Kent, Neighbors and Neighborhood. On political uses of a local confraternity, Eckstein, The District of the Green Dragon, esp. 199-224.
63. Kent and Kent, Neighbors and Neighborhood. On political uses of a local confraternity, Eckstein, The District of the Green Dragon, esp. 199-224.
64. ASM, Ammin. Fondo di Relig. 1477, 1026, 1567. For the major families see Franco Arese, "Elenchi dei Magistrati Patrizi di Milano dal 1535 al 1796," Archivio Storico Lombardo, 8th series, 7 (1957): 149-99.
65. ASM, Ammin. Fondo di relig. 1477.
66. ASM, Culto p.a. 2097.
67. Baldissari, I "poveri prigioni," 46.
68. Garrioch, Neighbourhood and Community, 173-80.
69. David Garrioch, The Formation of the Parisian Bourgeoisie (Cambridge, MA, 1996), 267-76.
70. Thomas L. Haskell, "Capitalism and the Origins of the Humanitarian Sensibility," American Historical Review 90 (1985): 339-61, 547-66.