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Volumn 48, Issue 3, 1998, Pages 351-372

Meanings Of Literacy In Contemporary Educational Reform Proposals

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EID: 0040896680     PISSN: 00132004     EISSN: 17415446     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1741-5446.1998.00351.x     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (25)

References (105)
  • 1
    • 84862851640 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Educational Reforms Torsten Husén and T. Neville Postlethwaite (Oxford: Pergamon Press, 1994)
    • R.M. Thomas, "Educational Reforms," in International Encyclopedia of Education, 2d ed., ed. Torsten Husén and T. Neville Postlethwaite (Oxford: Pergamon Press, 1994), 1152-57.
    • International Encyclopedia of Education, 2d ed., ed. , pp. 1152-1157
    • Thomas, R.M.1
  • 3
    • 84862861457 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • "School Reform in the United States: Putting it into Context, ed. Stephen L. Jacobson and Robert Berne (Thousand Oaks, Calif.: Corwin Press, 1993)
    • Susan H. Fuhrman, Richard P. Elmore, and Diane Massell, "School Reform in the United States: Putting it into Context," in Reforming Education, ed. Stephen L. Jacobson and Robert Berne (Thousand Oaks, Calif.: Corwin Press, 1993), 4.
    • Reforming Education , vol.4
    • Fuhrman, S.H.1    Elmore, R.P.2    Massell, D.3
  • 4
    • 84862878768 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • "Designs,""scripts," and "cultural models" are terms used by James Paul Gee in relation to enactive projects of reform.
    • "Designs,""scripts," and "cultural models" are terms used by James Paul Gee in relation to enactive projects of reform.
  • 5
    • 84862851642 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The New Work Order: Behind the Language of the New Capitalism (Sydney: Allen and Unwin, 1996).
    • See also James Paul Gee, Glynda Hull, and Colin Lankshear, The New Work Order: Behind the Language of the New Capitalism (Sydney: Allen and Unwin, 1996).
    • Gee, J.P.1    Hull, G.2    Lankshear, C.3
  • 6
    • 84862851643 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • See, for example, In the Name of Excellence (New York: Oxford University Press, 1991)
    • See, for example, Thomas Toch, In the Name of Excellence (New York: Oxford University Press, 1991)
    • Toch, T.1
  • 7
    • 0003704413 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A Political Sociology of Educational Reform: Power/Knowledge in Teaching
    • Teacher Education, and Research (New York: Teachers College Press, 1991)
    • Thomas Popkewitz, A Political Sociology of Educational Reform: Power/Knowledge in Teaching, Teacher Education, and Research (New York: Teachers College Press, 1991)
    • Popkewitz, T.1
  • 8
    • 84862843199 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Exploring the Political Economy of National Educational Reform
    • W. Lowe Boyd and Charles Kerchner (London: Palmer Press, 1989)
    • James Guthrie and Julia Koppich, "Exploring the Political Economy of National Educational Reform," in The Politics of Excellence and Choice in Education, ed. W. Lowe Boyd and Charles Kerchner (London: Palmer Press, 1989) 235-47
    • The Politics of Excellence and Choice in Education , pp. 235-247
    • Guthrie, J.1    Koppich, J.2
  • 9
    • 84862878771 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Evolution of Educational Reform in Great Britain and the United States
    • Judith Chapman et al (New York: Cassell, 1996)
    • James Cibulka, "The Evolution of Educational Reform in Great Britain and the United States," in The Reconstruction of Education: Quality, Equality and Control, ed. Judith Chapman et al (New York: Cassell, 1996) 103-28.
    • The Reconstruction of Education: Quality, Equality and Control , pp. 103-128
    • Cibulka, J.1
  • 10
    • 84862843200 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • In the Name of Excellence
    • Toch, In the Name of Excellence, 17.
    • Toch1
  • 11
    • 84862851646 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • "School Reform and the 'New World Order,'" in Jacobson and Berne, Reforming Education, 234.
    • James W. Guthrie, "School Reform and the 'New World Order,'" in Jacobson and Berne, Reforming Education, 234.
    • Guthrie, J.W.1
  • 12
    • 84862861459 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • "Educational Reform" and Beare and Boyd, "Introduction.
    • Thomas, "Educational Reform" and Beare and Boyd, "Introduction.
    • Thomas1
  • 13
    • 84862861458 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A Political Sociology of Educational Reform, 3.
    • Popkewitz, A Political Sociology of Educational Reform, 1, 3.
    • , vol.1
    • Popkewitz1
  • 14
    • 84862843202 scopus 로고
    • Typical examples include United States Congress, Goals 2000: Educate America Act
    • Typical examples include United States Congress, Goals 2000: Educate America Act, 1993
    • (1993)
  • 15
    • 84862845205 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Department of Employment, Education, and Training, Australia, Australia's Language: The Australian Language and Literacy Policy - the Policy Paper (Canberra: Australian Government Publishing Service, 1991)
    • Department of Employment, Education, and Training, Australia, Australia's Language: The Australian Language and Literacy Policy - the Policy Paper (Canberra: Australian Government Publishing Service, 1991)
  • 16
    • 84862841082 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Department of Education and Science, The Education Reform Act 1988 (London: HMSO, 1988).
    • Department of Education and Science, The Education Reform Act 1988 (London: HMSO, 1988).
  • 17
    • 84862845206 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • For example the California state-promulgated curriculum frameworks for Math, Science, History, and English; textbook-selection procedure policies for California, Texas, and Florida enacted in the early 1990s
    • For example the California state-promulgated curriculum frameworks for Math, Science, History, and English; textbook-selection procedure policies for California, Texas, and Florida enacted in the early 1990s
  • 18
    • 84862878770 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Department of Education and Science, The National Curriculum 5-16 (England and Wales) - A Consultation Paper (London: DES, 198 7), and The Education Reform Act 1988: The School Curriculum and Assessment Circular 5/88 (London: DES, 1989)
    • Department of Education and Science, The National Curriculum 5-16 (England and Wales) - A Consultation Paper (London: DES, 198 7), and The Education Reform Act 1988: The School Curriculum and Assessment Circular 5/88 (London: DES, 1989)
  • 19
    • 84862851644 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Education Department, Queensland, The P-10 English Syllabus (Brisbane: DEQ, 1994), and The Year 2 Diagnostic Net (Brisbane: DEQ, 1995)
    • Education Department, Queensland, The P-10 English Syllabus (Brisbane: DEQ, 1994), and The Year 2 Diagnostic Net (Brisbane: DEQ, 1995)
  • 20
    • 84862851645 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • National Bench marks for Literacy and Numeracy currently under development in Australia
    • National Bench marks for Literacy and Numeracy currently under development in Australia
  • 21
    • 84862843205 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Curriculum Corporation, A Statement on English for Australian Schools and English - A Curriculum Profile for Australian Schools (Carlton, Victoria: Curriculum Corporation, both 1994)
    • Curriculum Corporation, A Statement on English for Australian Schools and English - A Curriculum Profile for Australian Schools (Carlton, Victoria: Curriculum Corporation, both 1994)
  • 22
    • 84862861460 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Australian Committee for Training Curriculum, National Framework of Adult English Language, Literacy and Numeracy Competence (Frankston: ACTC, 1994).
    • Australian Committee for Training Curriculum, National Framework of Adult English Language, Literacy and Numeracy Competence (Frankston: ACTC, 1994).
  • 23
    • 84862843201 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Examples include Irwin Kirsch et al, Adult Literacy in America: A First Look at the Results of the National Adult Literacy Survey (Washington, D.C.: U.S. Department of Education, Office of Educational Research and Improvement, 1993)
    • Examples include Irwin Kirsch et al, Adult Literacy in America: A First Look at the Results of the National Adult Literacy Survey (Washington, D.C.: U.S. Department of Education, Office of Educational Research and Improvement, 1993)
  • 24
    • 84862851649 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • National Commission on Excellence in Education, A Nation at Risk. The Imperative for Educational Reform (Washington D.C.: U.S. Department of Education, 1983)
    • National Commission on Excellence in Education, A Nation at Risk. The Imperative for Educational Reform (Washington D.C.: U.S. Department of Education, 1983)
  • 25
    • 84862843204 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Children's Literacy National Projects and Adult Literacy National Projects programs of the Australian Department of Employment, Education, Training and Youth Affairs
    • The Children's Literacy National Projects and Adult Literacy National Projects programs of the Australian Department of Employment, Education, Training and Youth Affairs
  • 26
    • 0347716984 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Teaching English Literacy: A Project of National Significance on the Preservice Preparation of Teachers for Teaching English Literacy
    • (Canberra: DEET, 1991)
    • F. Christie et al, Teaching English Literacy: A Project of National Significance on the Preservice Preparation of Teachers for Teaching English Literacy (Canberra: DEET, 1991)
    • Christie, F.1
  • 27
    • 84862851648 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Department of Education and Science, Report of the Committee of Inquiry into the Teaching of English Language (London: HMSO, 1988)
    • Department of Education and Science, Report of the Committee of Inquiry into the Teaching of English Language (London: HMSO, 1988)
  • 28
    • 84862861461 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Education in Canada: An Analysis of Elementary. Secondary, and Vocational Schooling (Vancouver: The Fraser Institute, 1988)
    • S.T. Easton, Education in Canada: An Analysis of Elementary. Secondary, and Vocational Schooling (Vancouver: The Fraser Institute, 1988)
    • Easton, S.T.1
  • 29
    • 84862861462 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Premier's Council (Ontario), Competing in the New Global Economy (Toronto: Queen's Printer for Ontario, 1988).
    • Premier's Council (Ontario), Competing in the New Global Economy (Toronto: Queen's Printer for Ontario, 1988).
  • 30
    • 84862843203 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • For example, President Bush's State of the Union address, January 1990 and his subsequent America 2000 proposals of April 1991
    • For example, President Bush's State of the Union address, January 1990 and his subsequent America 2000 proposals of April 1991
  • 31
    • 84862851647 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bill Pushes Education in Math and Sciences
    • San Francisco Chronicle (9 February 1990), and "'C' Stands for Company, Turned into Classroom, (1 March 1990)
    • Terrell Bell, "Bill Pushes Education in Math and Sciences," San Francisco Chronicle (9 February 1990), and "'C' Stands for Company, Turned into Classroom,"Wall Street Journal (1 March 1990)
    • Wall Street Journal
    • Bell, T.1
  • 32
    • 0010924457 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Strengthening Australian Schools: A Consideration of the Focus and Content of Schooling
    • (Canberra: DEET, 1988)
    • John Dawkins, "Strengthening Australian Schools: A Consideration of the Focus and Content of Schooling" (Canberra: DEET, 1988)
    • Dawkins, J.1
  • 33
    • 84862878772 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • "America's Technology Literacy Challenge" (Washington D.C.: U.S. Department of Education, Office of the Under Secretary, k.winters@inet.ed.gov posted on acw-l@unicorn.acs.ttu.edu 17 February 1996)
    • Kirk Winters, "America's Technology Literacy Challenge" (Washington D.C.: U.S. Department of Education, Office of the Under Secretary, k.winters@inet.ed.gov posted on acw-l@unicorn.acs.ttu.edu 17 February 1996)
    • Winters, K.1
  • 34
    • 84862878775 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • President Clinton's State of the Union address
    • President Clinton's State of the Union address, 1996.
    • (1996)
  • 35
    • 84862861463 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Classical examples from the United States include the Holmes Croup's Tomorrow's Teachers, Diane Ravitch and Chester Finn, What Do Our 17-Year-Olds Know! (New York: Harper and Row, 1987). Carnegie Forum on Education and the Economy, A Nation Prepared: Teachers for the 21st Century (Washington D.C.: Carnegie Forum on Education and the Economy)
    • Classical examples from the United States include the Holmes Croup's Tomorrow's Teachers, Diane Ravitch and Chester Finn, What Do Our 17-Year-Olds Know! (New York: Harper and Row, 1987). Carnegie Forum on Education and the Economy, A Nation Prepared: Teachers for the 21st Century (Washington D.C.: Carnegie Forum on Education and the Economy)
  • 36
    • 84862851650 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • NBPTS, Toward High and Rigorous Standards for the Teaching Profession- Report of the National Board for Professional Teaching Standards (Washington D.C.: NBPTS, 1988)
    • NBPTS, Toward High and Rigorous Standards for the Teaching Profession- Report of the National Board for Professional Teaching Standards (Washington D.C.: NBPTS, 1988)
  • 37
    • 84862843206 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cultural Literacy: What Every American Needs to Know (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1987)
    • E.D. Hirsch, Cultural Literacy: What Every American Needs to Know (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1987)
    • Hirsch, E.D.1
  • 38
    • 0003656590 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Winning the Brain Race: A Bold Plan to Make Our Schools Competitive
    • (San Francisco: ICS Press, 1991).
    • David Kearns and Denis Doyle, Winning the Brain Race: A Bold Plan to Make Our Schools Competitive (San Francisco: ICS Press, 1991).
    • Kearns, D.1    Doyle, D.2
  • 39
    • 84862851652 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • See footnote 4 above. "Cultural models" is the designation preferred by Gee, since it makes explicit the sociocultural nature of enactive projects.
    • See footnote 4 above. "Cultural models" is the designation preferred by Gee, since it makes explicit the sociocultural nature of enactive projects.
  • 40
    • 84862878773 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Robert Reich, "The Missing Options,"The American Prospect (November-December 1997): 6.
    • Robert Reich, "The Missing Options,"The American Prospect (November-December 1997): 6.
  • 42
    • 84862843207 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The New Work Order, chaps. 2, 3, and 7.
    • See also Gee, Hull, and Lankshear, The New Work Order, chaps. 2, 3, and 7.
    • Gee1    Hull2    Lankshear3
  • 43
    • 84936527103 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 2d. ed. (London: Taylor and Francis, 1996). This book will be cited as SLL in the text for all subsequent references.
    • James Paul Gee, Social Linguistics and Literacies: Ideology in Discourses, 2d. ed. (London: Taylor and Francis, 1996). This book will be cited as SLL in the text for all subsequent references.
    • Social Linguistics and Literacies: Ideology in Discourses
    • Gee, J.P.1
  • 44
    • 84862878774 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Department of Employment, Education, and Training Australia, Australia's Language: The Australian Language and Literacy Policy - Companion Volume to the Policy Paper (Canberra: Australian Government Publishing Servie, 1991)
    • Department of Employment, Education, and Training Australia, Australia's Language: The Australian Language and Literacy Policy - Companion Volume to the Policy Paper (Canberra: Australian Government Publishing Servie, 1991)
  • 45
    • 84862861464 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Adult Literacy in America, National Commission on Excellence in Education, A Nation at Risk; and United States Congress, Goals 2000.
    • Kirsch et al, Adult Literacy in America, National Commission on Excellence in Education, A Nation at Risk; and United States Congress, Goals 2000.
    • Kirsch1
  • 46
    • 84862878776 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • National Commission on Excellence in Education, A Nation at Risk, 14.
    • National Commission on Excellence in Education, A Nation at Risk, 14.
  • 47
    • 84862878778 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Adult Literacy in America, xiv.
    • Kirsch et al, Adult Literacy in America, xiv.
    • Kirsch1
  • 48
    • 84862861465 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • U.S. Congress, Goals 2000, Goal 6 B (iv).
    • U.S. Congress, Goals 2000, Goal 6 B (iv).
  • 49
    • 84862851653 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • U.S. Congress Office of Technology Assessment, Adult Literacy, 32.
    • U.S. Congress Office of Technology Assessment, Adult Literacy, 32.
  • 50
    • 84862851655 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • National Commission on Excellence in Education, A Nation at Risk, 9.
    • National Commission on Excellence in Education, A Nation at Risk, 9.
  • 51
    • 84862851654 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Managing Diversity: A Key to Building a Quality Workforce (Columbus: National Alliance of Community and Technical Colleges, 1990), 1.
    • Judith Maxson and Billy Hair, Managing Diversity: A Key to Building a Quality Workforce (Columbus: National Alliance of Community and Technical Colleges, 1990), 1.
    • Maxson, J.1    Hair, B.2
  • 52
    • 84862843208 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Workers as Thinkers in New Tim is: Critical Literacy Development in the Restructured Workplace, unpublished Master of Education thesis (Brisbane: Queensland University of Technology, Faculty of Education, 1998).
    • See also Sean Brandon, Workers as Thinkers in New Tim is: Critical Literacy Development in the Restructured Workplace, unpublished Master of Education thesis (Brisbane: Queensland University of Technology, Faculty of Education, 1998).
    • Brandon, S.1
  • 53
    • 84862843209 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Department of Employment, Education, and Training, Australia, Australia's Language: The Policy Paper, 4.
    • Department of Employment, Education, and Training, Australia, Australia's Language: The Policy Paper, 4.
  • 54
    • 84862843211 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • "Motorola U: When Training becomes an Education,"Harvard Business Review (July-August 1990): 71-72
    • William Wiggenhorn, "Motorola U: When Training becomes an Education,"Harvard Business Review (July-August 1990): 71-72
    • Wiggenhorn, W.1
  • 55
    • 84862878779 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Toch, In the Name of Excellence, 1
    • Toch, In the Name of Excellence, 1
  • 56
    • 84862843213 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • National Commission on Excellence in Education, A Nation at Risk, 7, 5
    • National Commission on Excellence in Education, A Nation at Risk, 7, 5
  • 57
    • 84862878777 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • National Academy of Science Task Force, High Schools and the Changing Workplace: The Employers' View (Washington D.C.: National Academy Press, 1984) xi.
    • National Academy of Science Task Force, High Schools and the Changing Workplace: The Employers' View (Washington D.C.: National Academy Press, 1984) xi.
  • 58
    • 84862861468 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Knowledge and the Curriculum (London: Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1974).
    • Paul Hirst, Knowledge and the Curriculum (London: Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1974).
    • Hirst, P.1
  • 59
    • 84862843210 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Work of Nations (New York: Vintage Books, 1992) and Peter Drucker, Post-Capitalist Society (New York: Harper, 1993)
    • Robert Reich, The Work of Nations (New York: Vintage Books, 1992) and Peter Drucker, Post-Capitalist Society (New York: Harper, 1993)
    • Reich, R.1
  • 60
    • 84862843212 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Department of Employment, Education, and Training, Australia, Australia's Language: The Policy Paper, 15 and Toch, In the Name of Excellence, 8
    • Department of Employment, Education, and Training, Australia, Australia's Language: The Policy Paper, 15 and Toch, In the Name of Excellence, 8
  • 61
    • 84862878780 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Department of Employment, Education, and Training, Australia, Australia's Language: Companion Volume, 14-15.99
    • Department of Employment, Education, and Training, Australia, Australia's Language: Companion Volume, 14-15.99
  • 62
    • 84862878782 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Winning the Brain Race.
    • Kearns and Doyle, Winning the Brain Race. 87.
    • , vol.87
    • Kearns1    Doyle2
  • 63
    • 84862861466 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • It is interesting, for example, to compare rationales for adult literacy provision from the 1970s, when a strong adult and community education ethos was in place, with mainstream current statements. In the 1970s considerable rhetorical play was made around personal enrichment, reading for pleasure, and like rationales. These, frankly, have been swamped recently by a powerful functionality motif which, increasingly, is cast in terms of workplace functional demands.
    • It is interesting, for example, to compare rationales for adult literacy provision from the 1970s, when a strong adult and community education ethos was in place, with mainstream current statements. In the 1970s considerable rhetorical play was made around personal enrichment, reading for pleasure, and like rationales. These, frankly, have been swamped recently by a powerful functionality motif which, increasingly, is cast in terms of workplace functional demands.
  • 65
    • 84862861467 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Work of Nations
    • Reich, The Work of Nations, 177.
    • Reich1
  • 66
    • 84862851656 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Department of Employment, Education, and Training, Australia, Australia's Language: The Policy Paper
    • Department of Employment, Education, and Training, Australia, Australia's Language: The Policy Paper
  • 67
    • 84862878783 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • See, for example, Kearns and Doyle, Winning the Brain Race
    • See, for example, Kearns and Doyle, Winning the Brain Race, 86-87.
  • 68
    • 84862845207 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stanley Aronowitz and Henry Giroux, Education Still under Siege (Westport, Conn.: Bergin and Garvey, 1993)
    • Stanley Aronowitz and Henry Giroux, Education Still under Siege (Westport, Conn.: Bergin and Garvey, 1993), 63.
  • 69
    • 84862878781 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Deschooling Society (New York: Harper and Row, 1971) and Ivan Illich, Tools for Conviviality (New York: Harper and Row, 1973).
    • Ivan Illich, Deschooling Society (New York: Harper and Row, 1971) and Ivan Illich, Tools for Conviviality (New York: Harper and Row, 1973).
    • Illich, I.1
  • 70
    • 84862851657 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cited in Toch, In the Name of Excellence
    • Cited in Toch, In the Name of Excellence, 16.
    • , vol.16
  • 71
    • 84862843214 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • "America's Technology Literacy Challenge," Washington D.C.: U.S. Department of Education, Office of the Undersecretary, posted on 17 February 1996.
    • Kirk Winters, "America's Technology Literacy Challenge," Washington D.C.: U.S. Department of Education, Office of the Undersecretary, posted on 17 February 1996.
    • Winters, K.1
  • 72
    • 21344491642 scopus 로고
    • Dilemmas of Identity: Oral and Written Literacies in the Making of a Basic Writing Student
    • Examples include Jenny Cook-Gumperz
    • Examples include Jenny Cook-Gumperz "Dilemmas of Identity: Oral and Written Literacies in the Making of a Basic Writing Student," Anthropology and Education Quarterly 24, no. 4 (1993): 336-56.
    • (1993) Anthropology and Education Quarterly , vol.24 , Issue.4 , pp. 336-356
  • 74
    • 84928220463 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • English and Creole: The Dialectics of Choice in a College Writing Program
    • no. 411985)
    • Nan Elsasser and Patricia Irvine, "English and Creole: The Dialectics of Choice in a College Writing Program," Harvard Educational Review 55, no. 411985): 399-415.
    • Harvard Educational Review , vol.55 , pp. 399-415
    • Elsasser, N.1    Irvine, P.2
  • 75
    • 84862878784 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Literacy Myth (New York: Academic Press, 1979)
    • Harvey Graff, The Literacy Myth (New York: Academic Press, 1979)
    • Graff, H.1
  • 76
    • 0003991281 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ways with Words: Language, Life, and Work in Community and Classrooms
    • (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1983)
    • Shirley Brice Heath, Ways with Words: Language, Life, and Work in Community and Classrooms (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1983)
    • Heath, S.B.1
  • 77
    • 0040928678 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Narrative Presentations: An Oral Preparation for Literacy with First Graders
    • in The Social Construction of Literacy, ed. Jenny Cook-Gumperz (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1986)
    • Sarah Michaels, "Narrative Presentations: An Oral Preparation for Literacy with First Graders," in The Social Construction of Literacy, ed. Jenny Cook-Gumperz (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1986), 94-116
    • Michaels, S.1
  • 78
    • 84862843217 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Literacy in Theory and Practice (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1984)
    • Brian Street, Literacy in Theory and Practice (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1984)
    • Street, B.1
  • 79
    • 84862843216 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cross-Cultural Approaches to Literacy (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1993). For an account concerned specifically with literacy and new technologies
    • Brian Street, ed., Cross-Cultural Approaches to Literacy (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1993). For an account concerned specifically with literacy and new technologies
    • Street, B.1
  • 80
    • 21344491642 scopus 로고
    • Dilemmas of Identity: Oral and Written Literacies in the Making of a Basic Writing Student
    • Examples include
    • Examples include Jenny Cook-Gumperz "Dilemmas of Identity: Oral and Written Literacies in the Making of a Basic Writing Student," Anthropology and Education Quarterly 24, no. 4 (1993): 336-56.
    • (1993) Anthropology and Education Quarterly , vol.24 , Issue.4 , pp. 336-356
    • Jenny, C.-G.1
  • 81
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    • Students as Researchers of Culture and Language in Their Own Communities
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    • no. 411985)
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    • The Literacy Myth (New York: Academic Press, 1979); Shirley Brice Heath, Ways with Words: Language, Life, and Work in Community and Classrooms (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1983)
    • Harvey Graff, The Literacy Myth (New York: Academic Press, 1979); Shirley Brice Heath, Ways with Words: Language, Life, and Work in Community and Classrooms (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1983)
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    • Sarah Michaels, "Narrative Presentations: An Oral Preparation for Literacy with First Graders," in The Social Construction of Literacy, ed. Jenny Cook-Gumperz (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1986), 94-116
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    • Brian Street, Literacy in Theory and Practice (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1984)
    • Street, B.1
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    • Cross-Cultural Approaches to Literacy (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1993). For an account concerned specifically with literacy and new technologies
    • Brian Street, ed., Cross-Cultural Approaches to Literacy (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1993). For an account concerned specifically with literacy and new technologies
    • Street, B.1
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    • "Ways with Windows: What Different People Do with the Same Equipment,"
    • Language, Learning, and Culture: Unsettling Certainties, Conference Proceedings, first joint national conference of the Australian Association for the Teaching of English, the Australian Literacy Educators Association, and the Australian School Library Association, Darwin (8-11 July 1997)
    • see Michele Knobel and Colin Lankshear, "Ways with Windows: What Different People Do with the Same Equipment,"Language, Learning, and Culture: Unsettling Certainties, Conference Proceedings, first joint national conference of the Australian Association for the Teaching of English, the Australian Literacy Educators Association, and the Australian School Library Association, Darwin (8-11 July 1997), 182-202.
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    • Deschooling Society, chap. 4.
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    • A Political Sociology
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    • , vol.150
    • Popkewitz1
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    • For a classic example, see National Board of Employment, Education, and Training, Australia, Literacy at Work: Incorporating English Language and Literacy Competencies into Industry/Enterprise Standards (Canberra: Australian Government Publishing Service, 1996).
    • For a classic example, see National Board of Employment, Education, and Training, Australia, Literacy at Work: Incorporating English Language and Literacy Competencies into Industry/Enterprise Standards (Canberra: Australian Government Publishing Service, 1996).
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    • For the ethical significance of "limited sympathies,"
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    • see Geoffrey Warnock, The Object of Morality (London: Methuen, 1970).
    • Warnock, G.1
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    • Deschooling Society.
    • Illich, Deschooling Society.
    • Illich1
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    • The Moral Consequences of What We Construct through Qualitative Research.
    • Paper presented to the annual conference of the Australian Association for Research in Education, Brisbane, November 1997.
    • Colin Lankshear and Michele Knobel, "The Moral Consequences of What We Construct through Qualitative Research." Paper presented to the annual conference of the Australian Association for Research in Education, Brisbane, November 1997.
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    • See, for example, Sheryl Gowen, The Politics of Workplace Literacy: A Case Study (New York: Teachers College Press, 1992)
    • See, for example, Sheryl Gowen, The Politics of Workplace Literacy: A Case Study (New York: Teachers College Press, 1992)
  • 96
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    • ed. Changing Work, Changing Workers: Critical Perspectives on Language, Literacy and Skills (Albany: State University of New York Press, 1997)
    • Glynda Hull, ed. Changing Work, Changing Workers: Critical Perspectives on Language, Literacy and Skills (Albany: State University of New York Press, 1997)
    • Hull, G.1
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    • Making It Happen (Sydney: ALBSAC, 1992), and "Spanner in the Works," Critical Forum 4
    • Peter O'Connor, Making It Happen (Sydney: ALBSAC, 1992), and "Spanner in the Works," Critical Forum 4, no. 2 (1995).
    • (1995) , Issue.2
    • O'Connor, P.1
  • 98
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    • Popkewitz, A Political Sociology
    • Popkewitz, A Political Sociology, 128.
    • , vol.128
  • 99
    • 84862841079 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Literacy for Empowerment (London: Palmer Press, 1990)
    • Concha Delgado-Gaitan, Literacy for Empowerment (London: Palmer Press, 1990) 2.
    • , vol.2
    • Concha, D.-G.1
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    • Pedagogy of the Oppressed (New York: Seabury, 1970)
    • Paulo Freire, Pedagogy of the Oppressed (New York: Seabury, 1970)
    • Freire, P.1
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    • Cultural Action for Freedom (Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1973)
    • Cultural Action for Freedom (Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1973)
  • 102
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    • Education for Freedom (New York: Seabury, 1973)
    • Education for Freedom (New York: Seabury, 1973)
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    • Politics of Education (London: MacMillan, 1985)
    • Politics of Education (London: MacMillan, 1985)
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    • Literacy: Reading the Word and the World (South Hadley, Mass.: Bergin and Garvey, 1987).
    • Paulo Freire and Donaldo Macedo, Literacy: Reading the Word and the World (South Hadley, Mass.: Bergin and Garvey, 1987).
    • Freire, P.1    Macedo, D.2
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    • Pyramids of Sacrifice (Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1977) and Jim Walker, "The End of Dialogue: Paulo Freire on Politics and Education," in Literacy and Revolution: The Pedagogy of Paulo Freire, ed. Robert Mackie (London: Pluto Press, 1980)
    • Peter Berger, Pyramids of Sacrifice (Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1977) and Jim Walker, "The End of Dialogue: Paulo Freire on Politics and Education," in Literacy and Revolution: The Pedagogy of Paulo Freire, ed. Robert Mackie (London: Pluto Press, 1980), 120-50.
    • Berger, P.1


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