-
1
-
-
85033968722
-
-
CLRO, Sessions Rolls, City of London Quarter Sessions, SF 758, October 1738
-
CLRO, Sessions Rolls, City of London Quarter Sessions, SF 758, October 1738.
-
-
-
-
2
-
-
85033956288
-
-
CLRO, Quarter Sessions Minutes, City of London, SM 106, 1738-1739
-
CLRO, Quarter Sessions Minutes, City of London, SM 106, 1738-1739.
-
-
-
-
3
-
-
84963032134
-
Patrician society, plebian culture
-
Edward P. Thompson, "Patrician Society, Plebian Culture," Journal of Social History 8, no. 4 (1974): 382-405; Whigs and Hunters. The Origins of the Black Act (New York, 1975), pp. 206-207; Customs in Common (London, 1991), p. 1.
-
(1974)
Journal of Social History
, vol.8
, Issue.4
, pp. 382-405
-
-
Thompson, E.P.1
-
4
-
-
84963032134
-
-
New York
-
Edward P. Thompson, "Patrician Society, Plebian Culture," Journal of Social History 8, no. 4 (1974): 382-405; Whigs and Hunters. The Origins of the Black Act (New York, 1975), pp. 206-207; Customs in Common (London, 1991), p. 1.
-
(1975)
Whigs and Hunters. The Origins of the Black Act
, pp. 206-207
-
-
-
5
-
-
84963032134
-
-
London
-
Edward P. Thompson, "Patrician Society, Plebian Culture," Journal of Social History 8, no. 4 (1974): 382-405; Whigs and Hunters. The Origins of the Black Act (New York, 1975), pp. 206-207; Customs in Common (London, 1991), p. 1.
-
(1991)
Customs in Common
, pp. 1
-
-
-
9
-
-
0040871967
-
-
By April of 1738, the number of retailers convicted by the commissioners of Excise" had reached 435 within greater London, compared to just 213 for the rest of England. See PRO, CUST, 48/13, 1733-1745, p. 179.
-
(1733)
CUST
, vol.48
, Issue.13
, pp. 179
-
-
-
10
-
-
0006010513
-
'Mother gin' and the London riots of 1736
-
George F.E. Rudé, "'Mother Gin' and the London Riots of 1736," The Guildhall Miscellany 10 (1959): 53-63.
-
(1959)
The Guildhall Miscellany
, vol.10
, pp. 53-63
-
-
Rudé, G.F.E.1
-
11
-
-
0039685863
-
-
New York: Capricorn Books
-
M. Dorothy George, London Life in the 18th Century, second ed. (New York: Capricorn Books, 1965), pp. 36-37; T.G. Coffey, "Beer Street: Gin Lane. Some Views of 18th-cent. Drinking," Quarterly Journal of Studies on Alcohol 27, no. 4 (1966): 669.
-
(1965)
London Life in the 18th Century, Second Ed.
, pp. 36-37
-
-
George, M.D.1
-
12
-
-
0000278390
-
Beer street: Gin lane. Some views of 18th-cent. Drinking
-
M. Dorothy George, London Life in the 18th Century, second ed. (New York: Capricorn Books, 1965), pp. 36-37; T.G. Coffey, "Beer Street: Gin Lane. Some Views of 18th-cent. Drinking," Quarterly Journal of Studies on Alcohol 27, no. 4 (1966): 669.
-
(1966)
Quarterly Journal of Studies on Alcohol
, vol.27
, Issue.4
, pp. 669
-
-
Coffey, T.G.1
-
13
-
-
0022196396
-
The standard of living in the long run: London, 1700-1860
-
L. D. Schwarz, "The Standard of Living in the Long Run: London, 1700-1860," Economic History Review 38, no. 1 (1985): 25.
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(1985)
Economic History Review
, vol.38
, Issue.1
, pp. 25
-
-
Schwarz, L.D.1
-
14
-
-
84970703673
-
The population history of England, 1541-1871
-
London
-
E. Anthony Wrigley and Roger S. Schofield, The Population History of England, 1541-1871. A Reconstruction (London, 1981), p. 534; E.H. Phelps Brown and Sheila V. Hopkins, "Seven Centuries of the Price of Consumables, Compared with Builders' Wage-rates," in Essays in Economic History, ed. E.M. Carus-Wilson (London, 1962), p. 195.
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(1981)
A Reconstruction
, pp. 534
-
-
Wrigley, E.A.1
Schofield, R.S.2
-
15
-
-
0003269335
-
Seven centuries of the price of consumables, compared with builders' wage-rates
-
ed. E.M. Carus-Wilson London
-
E. Anthony Wrigley and Roger S. Schofield, The Population History of England, 1541-1871. A Reconstruction (London, 1981), p. 534; E.H. Phelps Brown and Sheila V. Hopkins, "Seven Centuries of the Price of Consumables, Compared with Builders' Wage-rates," in Essays in Economic History, ed. E.M. Carus-Wilson (London, 1962), p. 195.
-
(1962)
Essays in Economic History
, pp. 195
-
-
Brown, E.H.P.1
Hopkins, S.V.2
-
16
-
-
85033959878
-
-
note
-
CLMA, MR/LV/6/43-58 and MR/LV/6/60-63. Two large documents in the series, MR/LV/6/59, 1735 and MR/LV/6/64, 1735, were marked unfit for consultation.
-
-
-
-
17
-
-
85033955498
-
-
CLRO, MSS. 82.17, 1751
-
CLRO, MSS. 82.17, 1751.
-
-
-
-
18
-
-
85033963492
-
-
CLMA, MR/LV/6/47, 4 January 1736
-
CLMA, MR/LV/6/47, 4 January 1736.
-
-
-
-
19
-
-
85033964832
-
-
SRO, Sessions Bundles, General Quarter Sessions, Surrey, from QS2/6/1736/ Michaelmas, 1736 to QS2/6/1740/Easter, 1740
-
SRO, Sessions Bundles, General Quarter Sessions, Surrey, from QS2/6/1736/ Michaelmas, 1736 to QS2/6/1740/Easter, 1740.
-
-
-
-
20
-
-
85033965876
-
-
note
-
CLMA, Calendar of Commitments to the Westminster House of Correction, WJ/CC/B 146, 24 June 1738; WJ/CC/B 147, 7 October 1738; WJ/CC/B 148, 6 January 1738; WJ/CC/B 149, 28 April 1739; WJ/CC/B 151, 5 January 1739; WJ/CC/B 152, 12 April 1740; WJ/CC/B 154, 1740; WJ/CC/R 7, 5 April 1738; WJ/CC/R 8, 22 June 1738; WJ/CC/R 9, 4 October 1738; WJ/CC/R 10, 1 April 1739; WJ/CC/R 11, 25April 1739; WJ/CC/R 12, 12 July 1739; WJ/CC/R 6, 5 October 1737; WJ/CC/R 13, 3 January 1739; Calendar of Commitments to the Westminster House of Correction, WJ/CC/R 14, 1 April 1741. Only one document in the series was marked unfit for consultation. This was Calendar of Commitments to the Westminster House of Correction, WJ/CC/B 145, June 1738.
-
-
-
-
21
-
-
85033965373
-
-
PRO, PC 1/15/5, part 1, 1738; PC 1/15/5, part 2, 1738
-
PRO, PC 1/15/5, part 1, 1738; PC 1/15/5, part 2, 1738.
-
-
-
-
22
-
-
85033968383
-
-
PRO, PC 1/15/5, part 3, 3 April-7 June 1738
-
PRO, PC 1/15/5, part 3, 3 April-7 June 1738.
-
-
-
-
23
-
-
85033942000
-
-
PRO, PC 1/15/5, part 4, 3 April-12 June 1738
-
PRO, PC 1/15/5, part 4, 3 April-12 June 1738.
-
-
-
-
24
-
-
85033971084
-
-
Bancroft Library, Accounts of the Overseers of the Poor, Bethnal Green, Bethnal Green MS. 307, 1737; CWAC, Churchwardens' Accounts, Parish of St. Anne, Soho, A2105-A2106 and A2108, 1737-1738 and 1740; Parish of St. Martin-in-the-Fields, F99, 1739
-
Bancroft Library, Accounts of the Overseers of the Poor, Bethnal Green, Bethnal Green MS. 307, 1737; CWAC, Churchwardens' Accounts, Parish of St. Anne, Soho, A2105-A2106 and A2108, 1737-1738 and 1740; Parish of St. Martin-in-the-Fields, F99, 1739.
-
-
-
-
25
-
-
33750875504
-
-
London
-
The Proceedings at the Sessions of Peace, Oyer and Terminer, for the City of London and County of Middlesex, on Wednesday the 11th, Thursday the 12th, and Friday the 13th of October (London, 1738), pp. 155-157.
-
(1738)
The Proceedings at the Sessions of Peace, Oyer and Terminer, for the City of London and County of Middlesex, on Wednesday the 11th, Thursday the 12th, and Friday the 13th of October
, pp. 155-157
-
-
-
26
-
-
0003459465
-
-
Princeton
-
John M. Beattie, Crime and the Courts in England 1660-1800 (Princeton, 1986), p. 40. Reay Sabourn, A Perfect View of the Gin Act (London, 1738), p. 39, claims that William Goudge spent £24 in prosecuting Mary Felton, George Anderson, and Johannah Clare for perjury; this did not include the £10 that he had already paid upon conviction.
-
(1986)
Crime and the Courts in England 1660-1800
, pp. 40
-
-
Beattie, J.M.1
-
27
-
-
0040277627
-
-
London
-
John M. Beattie, Crime and the Courts in England 1660-1800 (Princeton, 1986), p. 40. Reay Sabourn, A Perfect View of the Gin Act (London, 1738), p. 39, claims that William Goudge spent £24 in prosecuting Mary Felton, George Anderson, and Johannah Clare for perjury; this did not include the £10 that he had already paid upon conviction.
-
(1738)
A Perfect View of the Gin Act
, pp. 39
-
-
Sabourn, R.1
-
28
-
-
0040277536
-
The common informer, the penal statutes and economic regulation
-
M.W. Beresford, "The Common Informer, the Penal Statutes and Economic Regulation," Economic History Review 10, no. 2 (1958): 221.
-
(1958)
Economic History Review
, vol.10
, Issue.2
, pp. 221
-
-
Beresford, M.W.1
-
29
-
-
0039874830
-
Violence and society in early-modern England
-
ed. Anthony Doob and Edward L. Greenspan Aurora, Ontario
-
John M. Beattie, "Violence and Society in Early-modern England," in Perspectives in Criminal Law. Essays in Honour of John LL.J. Edwards, ed. Anthony Doob and Edward L. Greenspan (Aurora, Ontario, 1985), p. 40.
-
(1985)
Perspectives in Criminal Law. Essays in Honour of John LL.J. Edwards
, pp. 40
-
-
Beattie, J.M.1
-
30
-
-
0041100390
-
The pattern of crime in England 1600-1800
-
John M. Beattie, "The Pattern of Crime in England 1600-1800," Past and Present 62 (1974): 56.
-
(1974)
Past and Present
, vol.62
, pp. 56
-
-
Beattie, J.M.1
-
31
-
-
26644445595
-
The societies for the reformation of manners: A case study in the theory and practice of moral reform
-
T. C. Curtis and W. A. Speck, "The Societies for the Reformation of Manners: a Case Study in the Theory and Practice of Moral Reform," Literature and History 3 (1976): 53; Robert B. Shoemaker, Prosecution and Punishment. Petty Crime and the Law in London and Rural Middlesex, c. 1660-1725, ed. Anthony Fletcher, John Guy, and John Morrill, Cambridge Studies in Early Modern British History (Cambridge, 1991), pp. 241-242.
-
(1976)
Literature and History
, vol.3
, pp. 53
-
-
Curtis, T.C.1
Speck, W.A.2
-
32
-
-
0040871953
-
-
ed. Anthony Fletcher, John Guy, and John Morrill, Cambridge Studies in Early Modern British History Cambridge
-
T. C. Curtis and W. A. Speck, "The Societies for the Reformation of Manners: a Case Study in the Theory and Practice of Moral Reform," Literature and History 3 (1976): 53; Robert B. Shoemaker, Prosecution and Punishment. Petty Crime and the Law in London and Rural Middlesex, c. 1660-1725, ed. Anthony Fletcher, John Guy, and John Morrill, Cambridge Studies in Early Modern British History (Cambridge, 1991), pp. 241-242.
-
(1991)
Prosecution and Punishment. Petty Crime and the Law in London and Rural Middlesex, c. 1660-1725
, pp. 241-242
-
-
Shoemaker, R.B.1
-
33
-
-
77958410597
-
Ubiquitous but invisible: Female domestic servants in mid-eighteenth century London
-
D.A. Kent, "Ubiquitous but Invisible: Female Domestic Servants in Mid-eighteenth Century London," History Workshop Journal 28 (1989): 118.
-
(1989)
History Workshop Journal
, vol.28
, pp. 118
-
-
Kent, D.A.1
-
34
-
-
0039685829
-
-
6 Geo. 2. c. 17, Cambridge
-
6 Geo. 2. c. 17, in Danby Pickering, ed., The Statutes at Large, vol. 16 (Cambridge, 1765).
-
(1765)
The Statutes at Large
, vol.16
-
-
Pickering, D.1
-
35
-
-
0039685829
-
-
2 Geo. 2, c. 17, Cambridge
-
2 Geo. 2, c. 17, in Danby Pickering, ed., The Statutes at Large, vol. 16 (Cambridge, 1765).
-
(1765)
The Statutes at Large
, vol.16
-
-
Pickering, D.1
-
36
-
-
0024816863
-
-
New York
-
London's hawkers tended to consist primarily of poor and otherwise marginal women, many of whom were elderly. See Bridget Hill, Women, Work, and Sexual Politics in Eighteenth-century England (New York, 1989), p. 169, and Peter Earle, "The Female Labour Market in London in the Late Seventeenth and Early Eighteenth Centuries," Economic History Review 42, no. 3 (1989): 343.
-
(1989)
Women, Work, and Sexual Politics in Eighteenth-century England
, pp. 169
-
-
Hill, B.1
-
37
-
-
0024816863
-
The female labour market in London in the late seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries
-
London's hawkers tended to consist primarily of poor and otherwise marginal women, many of whom were elderly. See Bridget Hill, Women, Work, and Sexual Politics in Eighteenth-century England (New York, 1989), p. 169, and Peter Earle, "The Female Labour Market in London in the Late Seventeenth and Early Eighteenth Centuries," Economic History Review 42, no. 3 (1989): 343.
-
(1989)
Economic History Review
, vol.42
, Issue.3
, pp. 343
-
-
Earle, P.1
-
38
-
-
0039685829
-
-
9 Geo. 2, c. 23, Cambridge
-
9 Geo. 2, c. 23, in Danby Pickering, ed., The Statutes at Large, vol. 17 (Cambridge, 1765).
-
(1765)
The Statutes at Large
, vol.17
-
-
Pickering, D.1
-
39
-
-
85033965291
-
-
note
-
The confusion may be traced to section 20 in the Act, which encouraged excisemen to enter establishments where distilled spirits were sold, and to report any violations to one or more justices of the peace.
-
-
-
-
40
-
-
85033962521
-
-
October-December, entry 126
-
PRO, Treasury Papers, T 1/309, October-December 1742, entry 126; Lee Davison, "Experiments in the Social Regulation of Industry: Gin Legislation, 1729-1751," in Stilling the Grumbling Hive. The Response to Social and Economic Problems in England, 1689-1750, ed. Lee Davison, et al. (New York, 1992), p. 35. Sidney Webb and Beatrice Webb, The History of Liquor Licensing in England Principally from 1700 to 1830 (London, 1903), p. 26, erroneously claim that only two such licenses were ever purchased.
-
(1742)
Treasury Papers, T
, vol.1
, Issue.309
-
-
-
41
-
-
0040871872
-
Experiments in the social regulation of industry: Gin legislation, 1729-1751
-
ed. Lee Davison, et al. New York
-
PRO, Treasury Papers, T 1/309, October-December 1742, entry 126; Lee Davison, "Experiments in the Social Regulation of Industry: Gin Legislation, 1729-1751," in Stilling the Grumbling Hive. The Response to Social and Economic Problems in England, 1689-1750, ed. Lee Davison, et al. (New York, 1992), p. 35. Sidney Webb and Beatrice Webb, The History of Liquor Licensing in England Principally from 1700 to 1830 (London, 1903), p. 26, erroneously claim that only two such licenses were ever purchased.
-
(1992)
Stilling the Grumbling Hive. The Response to Social and Economic Problems in England, 1689-1750
, pp. 35
-
-
Davison, L.1
-
42
-
-
0039093624
-
-
London
-
PRO, Treasury Papers, T 1/309, October-December 1742, entry 126; Lee Davison, "Experiments in the Social Regulation of Industry: Gin Legislation, 1729-1751," in Stilling the Grumbling Hive. The Response to Social and Economic Problems in England, 1689-1750, ed. Lee Davison, et al. (New York, 1992), p. 35. Sidney Webb and Beatrice Webb, The History of Liquor Licensing in England Principally from 1700 to 1830 (London, 1903), p. 26, erroneously claim that only two such licenses were ever purchased.
-
(1903)
The History of Liquor Licensing in England Principally from 1700 to 1830
, pp. 26
-
-
Webb, S.1
Webb, B.2
-
43
-
-
0040277605
-
-
6-9 November
-
There were, just three weeks after the Gin Act of 1736 became law, already "upwards of twenty Informers about Town, who make it their sold Business to give Informations against Persons who presume to sell spirituous Liquors contrary to the late Act . . . " This is according to The London Evening-Post, 6-9 November 1736, p. 2.
-
(1736)
The London Evening-Post
, pp. 2
-
-
-
44
-
-
85033941828
-
-
Rudé, "'Mother Gin' and the London Riots of 1736," pp. 62-63, and Paris and London in the Eighteenth Century. Studies in Popular Protest (London, 1970), p. 305.
-
'Mother Gin' and the London Riots of 1736
, pp. 62-63
-
-
Rudé1
-
46
-
-
85033941259
-
-
3 vols., London
-
John Wilson Croker, ed., Memoirs of the Reign of King George the Second, from his Accession to the Death of Queen Caroline. By John, Lord Hervey, 3 vols., vol. 2 (London, 1848), pp. 133-134.
-
(1848)
Memoirs of the Reign of King George the Second, from His Accession to the Death of Queen Caroline. By John, Lord Hervey
, vol.2
, pp. 133-134
-
-
Croker, J.W.1
-
49
-
-
0040871931
-
Letter of sir Robert Walpole to Horace Walpole on the riots occasioned by the gin act
-
London
-
Walpole, writing to his brother Horace in October of 1736, thus reported that "there have been infinite care taken to observe and watch all their motions for above a month past, and upon the turn that the Spittlefields riotts took . . . the whole spiritt was at once dashed and seemed to have been totally laid aside; but upon the contrary success at Edinburgh, the fire kindled anew, and nothing less than such vigorous measures could have prevented the evil . . . But the murmuring and complaints of the common people, for want of ginn, and the great sufferings and loss of the dealers in spirituous liquors in general, have created such uneasiness, that they well deserve a great deal of attention and consideration." See "Letter of Sir Robert Walpole to Horace Walpole on the Riots Occasioned by the Gin Act," in Memoirs of the Life and Administration of Sir Robert Walpole, Earl of Orford. With Original Correspondence and Authentic Papers, Never before Published, ed. William Coxe (London, 1798), pp. 359-360.
-
(1798)
Memoirs of the Life and Administration of Sir Robert Walpole, Earl of Orford. With Original Correspondence and Authentic Papers, Never before Published
, pp. 359-360
-
-
Coxe, W.1
-
50
-
-
85033960210
-
-
British Library, Additional MS. 33033, 1737?, folios 327 recto-328 recto; London, column 1278
-
British Library, Additional MS. 33033, 1737?, folios 327 recto-328 recto; William Cobbett, ed., The Parliamentary History of England. From the Earliest Period to the Year 1803, vol. 9 (London, 1811), column 1278.
-
(1811)
The Parliamentary History of England. From the Earliest Period to the Year 1803
, vol.9
-
-
Cobbett, W.1
-
52
-
-
0040871967
-
-
PRO, CUST, 48/13, 1733-1745, p. 179.
-
(1733)
CUST
, vol.48
, Issue.13
, pp. 179
-
-
-
53
-
-
0039685844
-
-
PRO, Treasury Minute Book, T 29/28, 1736-1741, p. 44; PRO, General Out-letters of the Treasury, T 27/25, 1730-1741, p. 449.
-
(1736)
Treasury Minute Book, T
, vol.29
, Issue.28
, pp. 44
-
-
-
54
-
-
0040871957
-
-
PRO, Treasury Minute Book, T 29/28, 1736-1741, p. 44; PRO, General Out-letters of the Treasury, T 27/25, 1730-1741, p. 449.
-
(1730)
General Out-letters of the Treasury, T
, vol.27
, Issue.25
, pp. 449
-
-
-
57
-
-
0039685829
-
-
10 Geo. 2, c.17, Cambridge
-
10 Geo. 2, c.17, in Danby Pickering, ed., The Statutes at Large, vol. 17 (Cambridge, 1765).
-
(1765)
The Statutes at Large
, vol.17
-
-
Pickering, D.1
-
58
-
-
0039685829
-
-
11 Geo. 2, c. 26, Cambridge
-
11 Geo. 2, c. 26, in Danby Pickering, ed., The Statutes at Large, vol. 17 (Cambridge, 1765).
-
(1765)
The Statutes at Large
, vol.17
-
-
Pickering, D.1
-
59
-
-
0039685829
-
-
16 Geo. 2, c. 8, Cambridge
-
16 Geo. 2, c. 8, in Danby Pickering, ed., The Statutes at Large, vol. 18 (Cambridge, 1765).
-
(1765)
The Statutes at Large
, vol.18
-
-
Pickering, D.1
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62
-
-
0002507644
-
The proto-industrial family economy
-
ed. Peter Kriedte, Hans Medick, and Jürgen Schlum" bohm, Studies in Modern Capitalism Cambridge
-
The finding is consistent Medick's contention that "consumption was by no means tied to a separation of labour in which men would function as privileged consumers . . . " The one difference is that his social drinkers are rural and ours are not. See Hans Medick, "The Proto-industrial Family Economy," in Industrialization before Industrialization. Rural Industry in the Genesis of Capitalism, ed. Peter Kriedte, Hans Medick, and Jürgen Schlum" bohm, Studies in Modern Capitalism (Cambridge, 1981), pp. 62-63.
-
(1981)
Industrialization before Industrialization. Rural Industry in the Genesis of Capitalism
, pp. 62-63
-
-
Medick, H.1
-
66
-
-
85033956197
-
-
CLMA, Sessions Rolls, Middlesex Quarter Sessions, MJ/SR 2701, September 1738
-
CLMA, Sessions Rolls, Middlesex Quarter Sessions, MJ/SR 2701, September 1738.
-
-
-
-
67
-
-
85033945044
-
-
CLMA, Sessions Papers, Middlesex Sessions, MJ/SP/1737/10/108, 1737
-
CLMA, Sessions Papers, Middlesex Sessions, MJ/SP/1737/10/108, 1737.
-
-
-
-
68
-
-
85033968725
-
-
CLMA, Sessions Rolls, Middlesex Quarter Sessions, MJ/SR 2701, September 1738.
-
CLMA, Sessions Rolls, Middlesex Quarter Sessions, MJ/SR 2701, September 1738.
-
-
-
-
69
-
-
85033944957
-
-
17 December
-
The Gin Act of 1736 specifically exempted "any spirits or spirituous liquors" used "in the preparation or making up of medicines for sick, lame, or distempered persons." The exemption reflects the fact that distilled spirits were still widely regarded as possessing medicinal properties. When, for example, a family ate poisonous mushrooms and were "suddenly taken sick," they availed themselves of "Geneva, which heartily purg'd and vomited them, by which Means they are all now most happily recovered . . . " When a young woman in Hackney "was taken with a violent Fit of the Cholick" her "landlady gave her a Glass of Geneva, which gave her Ease." And when a poor woman was found naked in a ditch workers in the area revived her with a glass of gin. See Read's Weekly Journal, or, British-Gazetteer, 17 December 1737; The London Daily Post, and General Advertiser, 5 August 1738, p. 1; and The Proceedings at the Sessions of Peace, Oyer and Terminer, for the City of London and County of Middlesex, on Wednesday the 20th, Thursday the 21st, Friday the 22d, and Saturday the 23d of April, 1737 (London, 1737), p. 117.
-
(1737)
Read's Weekly Journal, or, British-Gazetteer
-
-
-
70
-
-
0040871964
-
-
5 August
-
The Gin Act of 1736 specifically exempted "any spirits or spirituous liquors" used "in the preparation or making up of medicines for sick, lame, or distempered persons." The exemption reflects the fact that distilled spirits were still widely regarded as possessing medicinal properties. When, for example, a family ate poisonous mushrooms and were "suddenly taken sick," they availed themselves of "Geneva, which heartily purg'd and vomited them, by which Means they are all now most happily recovered . . . " When a young woman in Hackney "was taken with a violent Fit of the Cholick" her "landlady gave her a Glass of Geneva, which gave her Ease." And when a poor woman was found naked in a ditch workers in the area revived her with a glass of gin. See Read's Weekly Journal, or, British-Gazetteer, 17 December 1737; The London Daily Post, and General Advertiser, 5 August 1738, p. 1; and The Proceedings at the Sessions of Peace, Oyer and Terminer, for the City of London and County of Middlesex, on Wednesday the 20th, Thursday the 21st, Friday the 22d, and Saturday the 23d of April, 1737 (London, 1737), p. 117.
-
(1738)
The London Daily Post, and General Advertiser
, pp. 1
-
-
-
71
-
-
0040277612
-
-
The Gin Act of 1736 specifically exempted "any spirits or spirituous liquors" used "in the preparation or making up of medicines for sick, lame, or distempered persons." The exemption reflects the fact that distilled spirits were still widely regarded as possessing medicinal properties. When, for example, a family ate poisonous mushrooms and were "suddenly taken sick," they availed themselves of "Geneva, which heartily purg'd and vomited them, by which Means they are all now most happily recovered . . . " When a young woman in Hackney "was taken with a violent Fit of the Cholick" her "landlady gave her a Glass of Geneva, which gave her Ease." And when a poor woman was found naked in a ditch workers in the area revived her with a glass of gin. See Read's Weekly Journal, or, British-Gazetteer, 17 December 1737; The London Daily Post, and General Advertiser, 5 August 1738, p. 1; and The Proceedings at the Sessions of Peace, Oyer and Terminer, for the City of London and County of Middlesex, on Wednesday the 20th, Thursday the 21st, Friday the 22d, and Saturday the 23d of April, 1737 (London, 1737), p. 117.
-
(1737)
The Proceedings at the Sessions of Peace, Oyer and Terminer, for the City of London and County of Middlesex, on Wednesday the 20th, Thursday the 21st, Friday the 22d, and Saturday the 23d of April, 1737 London
, pp. 117
-
-
-
75
-
-
0039093617
-
-
27 April
-
The Daily Post, 27 April 1737, p. 2.
-
(1737)
The Daily Post
, pp. 2
-
-
-
80
-
-
0040871964
-
-
16 May
-
Two female informers, Elizabeth Beezley and Martha Sayer or Sawyer, may also have been killed in the course of a large and much-publicized riot outside Thomas De Veil's house in Westminster. The claim appears in The London Daily Post, and General Advertiser, 16 May 1738, p. 2, and is not corroborated elsewhere.
-
(1738)
The London Daily Post, and General Advertiser
, pp. 2
-
-
-
81
-
-
0039093546
-
Popular disturbances in England 1700-1870
-
ed. John Stevenson, London
-
John Stevenson, Popular Disturbances in England 1700-1870, ed. John Stevenson, Themes in British Social History (London, 1979), p. 9.
-
(1979)
Themes in British Social History
, pp. 9
-
-
Stevenson, J.1
-
82
-
-
85033971674
-
-
CLMA, Calendar of Commitments to the Westminster House of Correction, WJ/CC/R 9, 4 October 1738.
-
CLMA, Calendar of Commitments to the Westminster House of Correction, WJ/CC/R 9, 4 October 1738.
-
-
-
-
83
-
-
85033971202
-
-
note
-
The indictment in CLMA, Sessions Rolls, Middlesex Quarter Sessions, MJ/SR 2696, May 1738, puts the number of participants in the last riot at 200; Justice Nicholas Blackerby, in turn, reported that there were 500 to 600 participants in the same riot, for which see PRO, PC 1/15/5, part 1, 1738.
-
-
-
-
84
-
-
0039093552
-
Popular protest in early Hanoverian London
-
ed. Paul Slack, Past and Present Publications Cambridge
-
Nicholas Rogers, "Popular Protest in Early Hanoverian London," in Rebellion, Popular Protest and the Social Order in Early Modern England, ed. Paul Slack, Past and Present Publications (Cambridge, 1984), p. 277.
-
(1984)
Rebellion, Popular Protest and the Social Order in Early Modern England
, pp. 277
-
-
Rogers, N.1
-
85
-
-
85033967198
-
-
PRO, KB 1/6, Michaelmas, 13 Geo. 2, bundle 3, 22 November 1739
-
PRO, KB 1/6, Michaelmas, 13 Geo. 2, bundle 3, 22 November 1739.
-
-
-
-
88
-
-
0021620530
-
Ridings, rough music and the 'Reform of popular culture' in early modern England
-
Martin Ingram, "Ridings, Rough Music and the 'Reform of Popular Culture' in Early Modern England," Past and Present 105 (1984): 92.
-
(1984)
Past and Present
, vol.105
, pp. 92
-
-
Ingram, M.1
-
90
-
-
0037913812
-
'Rough music': Le charivari anglais
-
Edward P. Thompson, "'Rough music': le charivari anglais," Annales, économies, sociétés, civilisations 27, no. 2 (1972): 288.
-
(1972)
Annales, Économies, Sociétés, Civilisations
, vol.27
, Issue.2
, pp. 288
-
-
Thompson, E.P.1
-
91
-
-
0006019391
-
-
15-18 January
-
The London Evening-Post, 15-18 January 1737, p. 2. This is in fact the earliest known demonstration against the informers unleashed by the Gin Act of 1736, and in it "one Pullin, a Chairman, was carry'd in Effigy about the several Streets, Squares, & c. in the Parish of St. George Hanover-Square, for informing against a Victualler in Princess-street . . . and after the Procession was over he was fix'd upon a Chair-Pole in Hanover-Square, with a Halter about his Neck, and then a Load of Faggots placed round him, in which Manner he was burnt in the Sight of a vast Concourse of People."
-
(1737)
The London Evening-Post
, pp. 2
-
-
-
97
-
-
85033973264
-
-
PRO, KB 1/6, Trinity, 13-14 Geo. 2, 1739
-
PRO, KB 1/6, Trinity, 13-14 Geo. 2, 1739.
-
-
-
-
98
-
-
85033953793
-
-
CLMA, Middlesex Sessions, Process Register of Indictments, MJ/SBP/14, 1734-1741; Sessions Rolls, Middlesex Quarter Sessions, MJ/SR 2684, October 1737; 17 February
-
CLMA, Middlesex Sessions, Process Register of Indictments, MJ/SBP/14, 1734-1741; Sessions Rolls, Middlesex Quarter Sessions, MJ/SR 2684, October 1737; The Grub-Street Journal, 17 February 1737, p. 2.
-
(1737)
The Grub-street Journal
, pp. 2
-
-
-
99
-
-
85033945089
-
-
PRO, PC 1/15/5, part 4, 3 April-12 June 1738
-
PRO, PC 1/15/5, part 4, 3 April-12 June 1738.
-
-
-
-
100
-
-
85033954252
-
-
PRO, Process Book. London and Middlesex, KB 15/22, 1736-1745; Court of King's Bench Crown Side. Indictment Files for London and Middlesex, KB 10/24, part 2, Easter, 11 Geo. 2, 1738
-
PRO, Process Book. London and Middlesex, KB 15/22, 1736-1745; Court of King's Bench Crown Side. Indictment Files for London and Middlesex, KB 10/24, part 2, Easter, 11 Geo. 2, 1738.
-
-
-
-
101
-
-
0040546985
-
-
London
-
Malcom I. Thomis and Jennifer Grimmett, Women in Protest 1800-1850 (London, 1982), pp. 37-39; Edward P. Thompson, "The Moral Economy of the English Crowd in the Eighteenth Century," Past and Present 50 (1970): 115, and Customs in Common (London, 1991), p. 310.
-
(1982)
Women in Protest 1800-1850
, pp. 37-39
-
-
Thomis, M.I.1
Grimmett, J.2
-
102
-
-
34247943652
-
The moral economy of the english crowd in the eighteenth century
-
Malcom I. Thomis and Jennifer Grimmett, Women in Protest 1800-1850 (London, 1982), pp. 37-39; Edward P. Thompson, "The Moral Economy of the English Crowd in the Eighteenth Century," Past and Present 50 (1970): 115, and Customs in Common (London, 1991), p. 310.
-
(1970)
Past and Present
, vol.50
, pp. 115
-
-
Thompson, E.P.1
-
103
-
-
0004220967
-
-
London
-
Malcom I. Thomis and Jennifer Grimmett, Women in Protest 1800-1850 (London, 1982), pp. 37-39; Edward P. Thompson, "The Moral Economy of the English Crowd in the Eighteenth Century," Past and Present 50 (1970): 115, and Customs in Common (London, 1991), p. 310.
-
(1991)
Customs in Common
, pp. 310
-
-
-
104
-
-
0039913383
-
The London "Mob" in the early eighteenth century
-
Robert B. Shoemaker, "The London "Mob" in the Early Eighteenth Century," Journal of British Studies 26, no. 3 (1987): 285; John Bohstedt, "Gender, Household and Community Politics: Women in English Riots 1790-1810," Past and Present 120 (1988): 104.
-
(1987)
Journal of British Studies
, vol.26
, Issue.3
, pp. 285
-
-
Shoemaker, R.B.1
-
105
-
-
0346260091
-
Gender, household and community politics: Women in english riots 1790-1810
-
Robert B. Shoemaker, "The London "Mob" in the Early Eighteenth Century," Journal of British Studies 26, no. 3 (1987): 285; John Bohstedt, "Gender, Household and Community Politics: Women in English Riots 1790-1810," Past and Present 120 (1988): 104.
-
(1988)
Past and Present
, vol.120
, pp. 104
-
-
Bohstedt, J.1
-
107
-
-
85033962015
-
-
CLMA, Calendar of Commitments to the Westminster House of Correction, WJ/CC/R 10, 1 April 1739
-
CLMA, Calendar of Commitments to the Westminster House of Correction, WJ/CC/R 10, 1 April 1739.
-
-
-
-
108
-
-
0040277531
-
-
10 April
-
The Daily Gazetteer, 10 April 1738, p. 1.
-
(1738)
The Daily Gazetteer
, pp. 1
-
-
-
109
-
-
0007537217
-
Prisons for the poor: English bridewells, 1555-1800
-
ed. Francis Snyder and Douglas Hay London
-
Joanna Innes, "Prisons for the Poor: English Bridewells, 1555-1800," in Labour, Law and Crime: a Historical Perspective, ed. Francis Snyder and Douglas Hay (London, 1987), p. 100.
-
(1987)
Labour, Law and Crime: A Historical Perspective
, pp. 100
-
-
Innes, J.1
-
110
-
-
85033954307
-
-
CLMA, Sessions Rolls, Middlesex Quarter Sessions, MJ/SR 2684, October 1737
-
CLMA, Sessions Rolls, Middlesex Quarter Sessions, MJ/SR 2684, October 1737.
-
-
-
-
116
-
-
0040871852
-
-
12 November
-
Earlier requests for mitigation would appear to have been rejected. Thus according to The Daily Post, 12 November 1736, p. 1, "The Commissioners of Excise were not more troubled with Informations against such Persons who acted contrary to the late Act of Parliament prohibiting the Retail of Spirituous Liquors, than they are now with the Solicitations of the Friends of the Delinquents for a Mitigation, but their Honours stick close to the Letter of the Act . . . " In November of 1736, it was again reported that "several Persons who had been convicted before the Commissioners of Excise, petition'd to have their Fines mitigated, but had no Relief." See The London Evening-Post, 6-9 November 1736, p. 2. For their part, the justices of the peace would appear to have interpreted the Act as precluding them from exercising any discretion in sentencing offenders. An amendment to the Gin Act of 1743 explicitly allowed both commissioners and justices to mitigate fines, for which see PRO, CUST, 48/13, 1733-1745, pp. 445-446, and Danby Pickering, ed., The Statutes at Large, vol. 18 (Cambridge, 1765), 17 Geo. 2. c.17, sect. 16.
-
(1736)
The Daily Post
, pp. 1
-
-
-
117
-
-
0040277605
-
-
6-9 November
-
Earlier requests for mitigation would appear to have been rejected. Thus according to The Daily Post, 12 November 1736, p. 1, "The Commissioners of Excise were not more troubled with Informations against such Persons who acted contrary to the late Act of Parliament prohibiting the Retail of Spirituous Liquors, than they are now with the Solicitations of the Friends of the Delinquents for a Mitigation, but their Honours stick close to the Letter of the Act . . . " In November of 1736, it was again reported that "several Persons who had been convicted before the Commissioners of Excise, petition'd to have their Fines mitigated, but had no Relief." See The London Evening-Post, 6-9 November 1736, p. 2. For their part, the justices of the peace would appear to have interpreted the Act as precluding them from exercising any discretion in sentencing offenders. An amendment to the Gin Act of 1743 explicitly allowed both commissioners and justices to mitigate fines, for which see PRO, CUST, 48/13, 1733-1745, pp. 445-446, and Danby Pickering, ed., The Statutes at Large, vol. 18 (Cambridge, 1765), 17 Geo. 2. c.17, sect. 16.
-
(1736)
The London Evening-Post
, pp. 2
-
-
-
118
-
-
0040871870
-
-
Earlier requests for mitigation would appear to have been rejected. Thus according to The Daily Post, 12 November 1736, p. 1, "The Commissioners of Excise were not more troubled with Informations against such Persons who acted contrary to the late Act of Parliament prohibiting the Retail of Spirituous Liquors, than they are now with the Solicitations of the Friends of the Delinquents for a Mitigation, but their Honours stick close to the Letter of the Act . . . " In November of 1736, it was again reported that "several Persons who had been convicted before the Commissioners of Excise, petition'd to have their Fines mitigated, but had no Relief." See The London Evening-Post, 6-9 November 1736, p. 2. For their part, the justices of the peace would appear to have interpreted the Act as precluding them from exercising any discretion in sentencing offenders. An amendment to the Gin Act of 1743 explicitly allowed both commissioners and justices to mitigate fines, for which see PRO, CUST, 48/13, 1733-1745, pp. 445-446, and Danby Pickering, ed., The Statutes at Large, vol. 18 (Cambridge, 1765), 17 Geo. 2. c.17, sect. 16.
-
(1733)
CUST
, vol.48
, Issue.13
, pp. 445-446
-
-
-
119
-
-
85037433055
-
-
Cambridge, Geo. 2. c.17, sect. 16
-
Earlier requests for mitigation would appear to have been rejected. Thus according to The Daily Post, 12 November 1736, p. 1, "The Commissioners of Excise were not more troubled with Informations against such Persons who acted contrary to the late Act of Parliament prohibiting the Retail of Spirituous Liquors, than they are now with the Solicitations of the Friends of the Delinquents for a Mitigation, but their Honours stick close to the Letter of the Act . . . " In November of 1736, it was again reported that "several Persons who had been convicted before the Commissioners of Excise, petition'd to have their Fines mitigated, but had no Relief." See The London Evening-Post, 6-9 November 1736, p. 2. For their part, the justices of the peace would appear to have interpreted the Act as precluding them from exercising any discretion in sentencing offenders. An amendment to the Gin Act of 1743 explicitly allowed both commissioners and justices to mitigate fines, for which see PRO, CUST, 48/13, 1733-1745, pp. 445-446, and Danby Pickering, ed., The Statutes at Large, vol. 18 (Cambridge, 1765), 17 Geo. 2. c.17, sect. 16.
-
(1765)
The Statutes at Large
, vol.18
, pp. 17
-
-
Pickering, D.1
-
120
-
-
0039093545
-
Excise board's minutes, 13 July 1737 to 13 January 1737
-
Wealthier defendants were fined at proportionately higher rates, typically in the range of £20 to £40; like their poorer brethren, they were expected to promise "not to offend in future." See PRO, Excise Board's Minutes, 13 July 1737 to 13 January 1737, CUST 47/167, 1737, pp. 116-117; 156-158.
-
(1737)
CUST
, vol.47
, Issue.167
, pp. 116-117
-
-
-
121
-
-
85033970426
-
-
17 December
-
Read's Weekly Journal, or, British-Gazetteer, 17 December 1737; The London Magazine or, Gentleman's Monthly Intelligencer 1737, p. 333; The Old Whig: or, the Consistent Protestant, 24 June 1737, p. 3.
-
(1737)
Read's Weekly Journal, or, British-Gazetteer
-
-
-
122
-
-
0039093524
-
-
Read's Weekly Journal, or, British-Gazetteer, 17 December 1737; The London Magazine or, Gentleman's Monthly Intelligencer 1737, p. 333; The Old Whig: or, the Consistent Protestant, 24 June 1737, p. 3.
-
(1737)
The London Magazine or, Gentleman's Monthly Intelligencer
, pp. 333
-
-
-
123
-
-
0039685855
-
-
24 June
-
Read's Weekly Journal, or, British-Gazetteer, 17 December 1737; The London Magazine or, Gentleman's Monthly Intelligencer 1737, p. 333; The Old Whig: or, the Consistent Protestant, 24 June 1737, p. 3.
-
(1737)
The Old Whig: Or, the Consistent Protestant
, pp. 3
-
-
-
124
-
-
0039685735
-
Excise board's minutes, 13 July 1737 to 13 January 1737
-
PRO, Excise Board's Minutes, 13 July 1737 to 13 January 1737, CUST 47/167, 1737, pp. 47-48; 128; 7 November 1738 to 16 April 1739, CUST 47/170, 1738-1739, p. 18
-
(1737)
CUST
, vol.47
, Issue.167
, pp. 47-48
-
-
-
125
-
-
85033953622
-
-
7 November 1738 to 16 April 1739
-
PRO, Excise Board's Minutes, 13 July 1737 to 13 January 1737, CUST 47/167, 1737, pp. 47-48; 128; 7 November 1738 to 16 April 1739, CUST 47/170, 1738-1739, p. 18
-
(1738)
CUST
, vol.47
, Issue.170
, pp. 18
-
-
-
126
-
-
85033964663
-
-
17 February
-
The Grub-Street Journal, 17 February 1737, p. 2; The Old Whig: or, the Consistent Protestant, 16 February 1738, p. 3; Read's Weely Journal, or, British-Gazetteer, 7 July 1739, p. 3. The number of individuals benefitting from the commissioners' largesse would appear to have declined sharply over the same period; the decline probably reflects the Board's efforts to discourage spurious or unseemly prosecutions by professional informers, although this cannot be stated with absolute certainty in the absence of records detailing who was prosecuted when before the commissioners of Excise.
-
(1737)
The Grub-street Journal
, pp. 2
-
-
-
127
-
-
0039685755
-
-
16 February
-
The Grub-Street Journal, 17 February 1737, p. 2; The Old Whig: or, the Consistent Protestant, 16 February 1738, p. 3; Read's Weely Journal, or, British-Gazetteer, 7 July 1739, p. 3. The number of individuals benefitting from the commissioners' largesse would appear to have declined sharply over the same period; the decline probably reflects the Board's efforts to discourage spurious or unseemly prosecutions by professional informers, although this cannot be stated with absolute certainty in the absence of records detailing who was prosecuted when before the commissioners of Excise.
-
(1738)
The Old Whig: Or, the Consistent Protestant
, pp. 3
-
-
-
128
-
-
0039685742
-
-
7 July
-
The Grub-Street Journal, 17 February 1737, p. 2; The Old Whig: or, the Consistent Protestant, 16 February 1738, p. 3; Read's Weely Journal, or, British-Gazetteer, 7 July 1739, p. 3. The number of individuals benefitting from the commissioners' largesse would appear to have declined sharply over the same period; the decline probably reflects the Board's efforts to discourage spurious or unseemly prosecutions by professional informers, although this cannot be stated with absolute certainty in the absence of records detailing who was prosecuted when before the commissioners of Excise.
-
(1739)
Read's Weely Journal, or, British-Gazetteer
, pp. 3
-
-
-
131
-
-
84972434227
-
The 'Mother gin' controversy in the early eighteenth century
-
Peter Clark, "The 'Mother Gin' Controversy in the Early Eighteenth Century," Transactions of the Royal Historical Society 38 (1988): 77. In 1743, the commissioners' advice was sought, as is recorded in PRO, CUST, 48/13, 1733-1745, p. 398, and in Journals of the House of Commons, vol. 24 (London: 1803), p. 368. The commissioners also reviewed a draft of the Gin Act of 1751, for which see PRO, General Out-letters of the Treasury, T 27/27, 1751-1759, p. 9.
-
(1988)
Transactions of the Royal Historical Society
, vol.38
, pp. 77
-
-
Clark, P.1
-
132
-
-
84972434227
-
-
Peter Clark, "The 'Mother Gin' Controversy in the Early Eighteenth Century," Transactions of the Royal Historical Society 38 (1988): 77. In 1743, the commissioners' advice was sought, as is recorded in PRO, CUST, 48/13, 1733-1745, p. 398, and in Journals of the House of Commons, vol. 24 (London: 1803), p. 368. The commissioners also reviewed a draft of the Gin Act of 1751, for which see PRO, General Out-letters of the Treasury, T 27/27, 1751-1759, p. 9.
-
(1733)
CUST
, vol.48
, Issue.13
, pp. 398
-
-
-
133
-
-
84972434227
-
-
London
-
Peter Clark, "The 'Mother Gin' Controversy in the Early Eighteenth Century," Transactions of the Royal Historical Society 38 (1988): 77. In 1743, the commissioners' advice was sought, as is recorded in PRO, CUST, 48/13, 1733-1745, p. 398, and in Journals of the House of Commons, vol. 24 (London: 1803), p. 368. The commissioners also reviewed a draft of the Gin Act of 1751, for which see PRO, General Out-letters of the Treasury, T 27/27, 1751-1759, p. 9.
-
(1803)
Journals of the House of Commons
, vol.24
, pp. 368
-
-
-
134
-
-
84972434227
-
-
Peter Clark, "The 'Mother Gin' Controversy in the Early Eighteenth Century," Transactions of the Royal Historical Society 38 (1988): 77. In 1743, the commissioners' advice was sought, as is recorded in PRO, CUST, 48/13, 1733-1745, p. 398, and in Journals of the House of Commons, vol. 24 (London: 1803), p. 368. The commissioners also reviewed a draft of the Gin Act of 1751, for which see PRO, General Out-letters of the Treasury, T 27/27, 1751-1759, p. 9.
-
(1751)
General Out-letters of the Treasury, T
, vol.27
, Issue.27
, pp. 9
-
-
-
136
-
-
0040871852
-
-
12 November
-
The Daily Post, 12 November 1736, p. 1.
-
(1736)
The Daily Post
, pp. 1
-
-
-
138
-
-
0040871852
-
-
9 October
-
The Daily Post, 9 October 1736, p. 1; The Daily Journal, 14 October 1736, p. 2; The London Daily Post, and General Advertiser, 15 December 1736, p. 2; The Old Whig: or, the Consistent Protestant, 21 October 1736, p. 2; The Daily Post, 12 November 1736, p. 1; The London Daily Post, and General Advertiser, 22 October 1736, p. 1; The London Daily Post, and General Advertiser, 27 October 1736, p. 1; The Old Whig: or, the Consistent Protestant, 21 October 1736, p. 2; The London Daily Post, and General Advertiser, 15 December 1736, p. 2.
-
(1736)
The Daily Post
, pp. 1
-
-
-
139
-
-
85033967212
-
-
14 October
-
The Daily Post, 9 October 1736, p. 1; The Daily Journal, 14 October 1736, p. 2; The London Daily Post, and General Advertiser, 15 December 1736, p. 2; The Old Whig: or, the Consistent Protestant, 21 October 1736, p. 2; The Daily Post, 12 November 1736, p. 1; The London Daily Post, and General Advertiser, 22 October 1736, p. 1; The London Daily Post, and General Advertiser, 27 October 1736, p. 1; The Old Whig: or, the Consistent Protestant, 21 October 1736, p. 2; The London Daily Post, and General Advertiser, 15 December 1736, p. 2.
-
(1736)
The Daily Journal
, pp. 2
-
-
-
140
-
-
0040277540
-
-
15 December
-
The Daily Post, 9 October 1736, p. 1; The Daily Journal, 14 October 1736, p. 2; The London Daily Post, and General Advertiser, 15 December 1736, p. 2; The Old Whig: or, the Consistent Protestant, 21 October 1736, p. 2; The Daily Post, 12 November 1736, p. 1; The London Daily Post, and General Advertiser, 22 October 1736, p. 1; The London Daily Post, and General Advertiser, 27 October 1736, p. 1; The Old Whig: or, the Consistent Protestant, 21 October 1736, p. 2; The London Daily Post, and General Advertiser, 15 December 1736, p. 2.
-
(1736)
The London Daily Post, and General Advertiser
, pp. 2
-
-
-
141
-
-
0039685855
-
-
21 October
-
The Daily Post, 9 October 1736, p. 1; The Daily Journal, 14 October 1736, p. 2; The London Daily Post, and General Advertiser, 15 December 1736, p. 2; The Old Whig: or, the Consistent Protestant, 21 October 1736, p. 2; The Daily Post, 12 November 1736, p. 1; The London Daily Post, and General Advertiser, 22 October 1736, p. 1; The London Daily Post, and General Advertiser, 27 October 1736, p. 1; The Old Whig: or, the Consistent Protestant, 21 October 1736, p. 2; The London Daily Post, and General Advertiser, 15 December 1736, p. 2.
-
(1736)
The Old Whig: Or, the Consistent Protestant
, pp. 2
-
-
-
142
-
-
0040871852
-
-
12 November
-
The Daily Post, 9 October 1736, p. 1; The Daily Journal, 14 October 1736, p. 2; The London Daily Post, and General Advertiser, 15 December 1736, p. 2; The Old Whig: or, the Consistent Protestant, 21 October 1736, p. 2; The Daily Post, 12 November 1736, p. 1; The London Daily Post, and General Advertiser, 22 October 1736, p. 1; The London Daily Post, and General Advertiser, 27 October 1736, p. 1; The Old Whig: or, the Consistent Protestant, 21 October 1736, p. 2; The London Daily Post, and General Advertiser, 15 December 1736, p. 2.
-
(1736)
The Daily Post
, pp. 1
-
-
-
143
-
-
0040277540
-
-
22 October
-
The Daily Post, 9 October 1736, p. 1; The Daily Journal, 14 October 1736, p. 2; The London Daily Post, and General Advertiser, 15 December 1736, p. 2; The Old Whig: or, the Consistent Protestant, 21 October 1736, p. 2; The Daily Post, 12 November 1736, p. 1; The London Daily Post, and General Advertiser, 22 October 1736, p. 1; The London Daily Post, and General Advertiser, 27 October 1736, p. 1; The Old Whig: or, the Consistent Protestant, 21 October 1736, p. 2; The London Daily Post, and General Advertiser, 15 December 1736, p. 2.
-
(1736)
The London Daily Post, and General Advertiser
, pp. 1
-
-
-
144
-
-
0040277540
-
-
27 October
-
The Daily Post, 9 October 1736, p. 1; The Daily Journal, 14 October 1736, p. 2; The London Daily Post, and General Advertiser, 15 December 1736, p. 2; The Old Whig: or, the Consistent Protestant, 21 October 1736, p. 2; The Daily Post, 12 November 1736, p. 1; The London Daily Post, and General Advertiser, 22 October 1736, p. 1; The London Daily Post, and General Advertiser, 27 October 1736, p. 1; The Old Whig: or, the Consistent Protestant, 21 October 1736, p. 2; The London Daily Post, and General Advertiser, 15 December 1736, p. 2.
-
(1736)
The London Daily Post, and General Advertiser
, pp. 1
-
-
-
145
-
-
0039685855
-
-
21 October
-
The Daily Post, 9 October 1736, p. 1; The Daily Journal, 14 October 1736, p. 2; The London Daily Post, and General Advertiser, 15 December 1736, p. 2; The Old Whig: or, the Consistent Protestant, 21 October 1736, p. 2; The Daily Post, 12 November 1736, p. 1; The London Daily Post, and General Advertiser, 22 October 1736, p. 1; The London Daily Post, and General Advertiser, 27 October 1736, p. 1; The Old Whig: or, the Consistent Protestant, 21 October 1736, p. 2; The London Daily Post, and General Advertiser, 15 December 1736, p. 2.
-
(1736)
The Old Whig: Or, the Consistent Protestant
, pp. 2
-
-
-
146
-
-
0040277540
-
-
15 December
-
The Daily Post, 9 October 1736, p. 1; The Daily Journal, 14 October 1736, p. 2; The London Daily Post, and General Advertiser, 15 December 1736, p. 2; The Old Whig: or, the Consistent Protestant, 21 October 1736, p. 2; The Daily Post, 12 November 1736, p. 1; The London Daily Post, and General Advertiser, 22 October 1736, p. 1; The London Daily Post, and General Advertiser, 27 October 1736, p. 1; The Old Whig: or, the Consistent Protestant, 21 October 1736, p. 2; The London Daily Post, and General Advertiser, 15 December 1736, p. 2.
-
(1736)
The London Daily Post, and General Advertiser
, pp. 2
-
-
-
147
-
-
85033972216
-
-
Parish of St. James, Piccadilly
-
In the parish of St. James Piccadilly, for example, the vestry ordered "That every Bedel in his respective Ward . . . shall take an Account of all Geneva Shops and night houses who suffer tipling in their houses after the Watch is set and shall give such Account in writing on the first Monday in every month to one of the Churchwardens for the time being in order to his laying the same before the next Vestry that it may be recommended to the Justices of the Peace to hinder the renewal of their Licenses and that the Bedels forthwith Acquaint the persons who suffer tipling in their houses in their respective wards with this order." See CWAC, Vestry Minute Book, Parish of St. James, Piccadilly, D1759, 1712-1736, p. 420. Fot its part, the vestry of St. James Clerkenwell was at great pains to keep gin and other distilled spirits out of the local workhouse, as is recorded in the minutes for 16 May 1727, Finsbury Library, Archives Department, St James Clerkenwell Vestry Minutes 1725-1775, 1725-1775, pp. 25-26. By 1751, the urban vestries were again active participants in the campaign to limit sales of distilled spirits, with the vestrymen of the Westminster parishes of St. Martin-in-the-Fields, St. George Hanover Square, St. Margaret, St. John the Evangelist, and St. Paul Covent Garden adding their names to petitions in favor of new and more restrictive legislation. See Journals of the House of Commons, vol. 26 (London: 1803), pp. 77; 94; 106. In the second half of the century, the vestries were especially active in regulating public houses, as noted by Webb and Webb, The History of Liquor Licensing in England, pp. 62-64; 74-76.
-
(1712)
Vestry Minute Book
, vol.D1759
, pp. 420
-
-
-
148
-
-
0040277524
-
-
In the parish of St. James Piccadilly, for example, the vestry ordered "That every Bedel in his respective Ward . . . shall take an Account of all Geneva Shops and night houses who suffer tipling in their houses after the Watch is set and shall give such Account in writing on the first Monday in every month to one of the Churchwardens for the time being in order to his laying the same before the next Vestry that it may be recommended to the Justices of the Peace to hinder the renewal of their Licenses and that the Bedels forthwith Acquaint the persons who suffer tipling in their houses in their respective wards with this order." See CWAC, Vestry Minute Book, Parish of St. James, Piccadilly, D1759, 1712-1736, p. 420. Fot its part, the vestry of St. James Clerkenwell was at great pains to keep gin and other distilled spirits out of the local workhouse, as is recorded in the minutes for 16 May 1727, Finsbury Library, Archives Department, St James Clerkenwell Vestry Minutes 1725-1775, 1725-1775, pp. 25-26. By 1751, the urban vestries were again active participants in the campaign to limit sales of distilled spirits, with the vestrymen of the Westminster parishes of St. Martin-in-the-Fields, St. George Hanover Square, St. Margaret, St. John the Evangelist, and St. Paul Covent Garden adding their names to petitions in favor of new and more restrictive legislation. See Journals of the House of Commons, vol. 26 (London: 1803), pp. 77; 94; 106. In the second half of the century, the vestries were especially active in regulating public houses, as noted by Webb and Webb, The History of Liquor Licensing in England, pp. 62-64; 74-76.
-
(1725)
St James Clerkenwell Vestry Minutes 1725-1775
, pp. 25-26
-
-
-
149
-
-
0039685747
-
-
London
-
In the parish of St. James Piccadilly, for example, the vestry ordered "That every Bedel in his respective Ward . . . shall take an Account of all Geneva Shops and night houses who suffer tipling in their houses after the Watch is set and shall give such Account in writing on the first Monday in every month to one of the Churchwardens for the time being in order to his laying the same before the next Vestry that it may be recommended to the Justices of the Peace to hinder the renewal of their Licenses and that the Bedels forthwith Acquaint the persons who suffer tipling in their houses in their respective wards with this order." See CWAC, Vestry Minute Book, Parish of St. James, Piccadilly, D1759, 1712-1736, p. 420. Fot its part, the vestry of St. James Clerkenwell was at great pains to keep gin and other distilled spirits out of the local workhouse, as is recorded in the minutes for 16 May 1727, Finsbury Library, Archives Department, St James Clerkenwell Vestry Minutes 1725-1775, 1725-1775, pp. 25-26. By 1751, the urban vestries were again active participants in the campaign to limit sales of distilled spirits, with the vestrymen of the Westminster parishes of St. Martin-in-the-Fields, St. George Hanover Square, St. Margaret, St. John the Evangelist, and St. Paul Covent Garden adding their names to petitions in favor of new and more restrictive legislation. See Journals of the House of Commons, vol. 26 (London: 1803), pp. 77; 94; 106. In the second half of the century, the vestries were especially active in regulating public houses, as noted by Webb and Webb, The History of Liquor Licensing in England, pp. 62-64; 74-76.
-
(1803)
Journals of the House of Commons
, vol.26
, pp. 77
-
-
-
150
-
-
0039093624
-
-
In the parish of St. James Piccadilly, for example, the vestry ordered "That every Bedel in his respective Ward . . . shall take an Account of all Geneva Shops and night houses who suffer tipling in their houses after the Watch is set and shall give such Account in writing on the first Monday in every month to one of the Churchwardens for the time being in order to his laying the same before the next Vestry that it may be recommended to the Justices of the Peace to hinder the renewal of their Licenses and that the Bedels forthwith Acquaint the persons who suffer tipling in their houses in their respective wards with this order." See CWAC, Vestry Minute Book, Parish of St. James, Piccadilly, D1759, 1712-1736, p. 420. Fot its part, the vestry of St. James Clerkenwell was at great pains to keep gin and other distilled spirits out of the local workhouse, as is recorded in the minutes for 16 May 1727, Finsbury Library, Archives Department, St James Clerkenwell Vestry Minutes 1725-1775, 1725-1775, pp. 25-26. By 1751, the urban vestries were again active participants in the campaign to limit sales of distilled spirits, with the vestrymen of the Westminster parishes of St. Martin-in-the-Fields, St. George Hanover Square, St. Margaret, St. John the Evangelist, and St. Paul Covent Garden adding their names to petitions in favor of new and more restrictive legislation. See Journals of the House of Commons, vol. 26 (London: 1803), pp. 77; 94; 106. In the second half of the century, the vestries were especially active in regulating public houses, as noted by Webb and Webb, The History of Liquor Licensing in England, pp. 62-64; 74-76.
-
The History of Liquor Licensing in England
, pp. 62-64
-
-
Webb1
Webb2
-
152
-
-
0040871865
-
-
5 August
-
Read's Weekly Journal, or, British-Gazetteer, 5 August 1738, p. 3; Richard Hooker, The Weekly Miscellany, 18 August 1738, p. 3.
-
(1738)
Read's Weekly Journal, or, British-Gazetteer
, pp. 3
-
-
-
153
-
-
84903022253
-
-
18 August
-
Read's Weekly Journal, or, British-Gazetteer, 5 August 1738, p. 3; Richard Hooker, The Weekly Miscellany, 18 August 1738, p. 3.
-
(1738)
The Weekly Miscellany
, pp. 3
-
-
Hooker, R.1
-
154
-
-
85033972487
-
-
PRO, KB 1/6, Trinity, 13-14 Geo. 2, 1739
-
PRO, KB 1/6, Trinity, 13-14 Geo. 2, 1739.
-
-
-
-
155
-
-
85033968929
-
-
PRO, KB 1/6, Michaelmas, 13 Geo. 2, bundle 3, 22 November 1739
-
PRO, KB 1/6, Michaelmas, 13 Geo. 2, bundle 3, 22 November 1739.
-
-
-
-
157
-
-
85033949545
-
-
British Library, Hardwicke Papers, Additional MS. 35600, 1733-1741, folio 105 recto. Reference courtesy of Professor Norma Landau
-
British Library, Hardwicke Papers, Additional MS. 35600, 1733-1741, folio 105 recto. Reference courtesy of Professor Norma Landau.
-
-
-
-
158
-
-
85033967894
-
-
Rogers, "Popular Protest in Early Hanoverian London," p. 281; Joyce Ellis, "Urban Conflict and Popular Violence. The Guildhall Riots of 1740 in Newcastle upon Tyne," International Review of Social History 25, no. 3 (1980): 346; Robert B. Shoemaker, "The London 'Mob' in the Early Eighteenth Century," Journal of British Studies 26, no. 3 (1987): 277; 295-296; Thompson, Customs in Common, p. 326.
-
Popular Protest in Early Hanoverian London
, pp. 281
-
-
Rogers1
-
159
-
-
84972487440
-
Urban conflict and popular violence. The guildhall riots of 1740 in Newcastle upon Tyne
-
Rogers, "Popular Protest in Early Hanoverian London," p. 281; Joyce Ellis, "Urban Conflict and Popular Violence. The Guildhall Riots of 1740 in Newcastle upon Tyne," International Review of Social History 25, no. 3 (1980): 346; Robert B. Shoemaker, "The London 'Mob' in the Early Eighteenth Century," Journal of British Studies 26, no. 3 (1987): 277; 295-296; Thompson, Customs in Common, p. 326.
-
(1980)
International Review of Social History
, vol.25
, Issue.3
, pp. 346
-
-
Ellis, J.1
-
160
-
-
0039913383
-
The London 'Mob' in the early eighteenth century
-
Rogers, "Popular Protest in Early Hanoverian London," p. 281; Joyce Ellis, "Urban Conflict and Popular Violence. The Guildhall Riots of 1740 in Newcastle upon Tyne," International Review of Social History 25, no. 3 (1980): 346; Robert B. Shoemaker, "The London 'Mob' in the Early Eighteenth Century," Journal of British Studies 26, no. 3 (1987): 277; 295-296; Thompson, Customs in Common, p. 326.
-
(1987)
Journal of British Studies
, vol.26
, Issue.3
, pp. 277
-
-
Shoemaker, R.B.1
-
161
-
-
0004220967
-
-
Rogers, "Popular Protest in Early Hanoverian London," p. 281; Joyce Ellis, "Urban Conflict and Popular Violence. The Guildhall Riots of 1740 in Newcastle upon Tyne," International Review of Social History 25, no. 3 (1980): 346; Robert B. Shoemaker, "The London 'Mob' in the Early Eighteenth Century," Journal of British Studies 26, no. 3 (1987): 277; 295-296; Thompson, Customs in Common, p. 326.
-
Customs in Common
, pp. 326
-
-
Thompson1
-
163
-
-
0040277531
-
-
11 May
-
The Daily Gazetteer, 11 May 1738, p. 2.; The Old Whig: or, the Consistent Protestant, 16 February 1738, p. 3.
-
(1738)
The Daily Gazetteer
, pp. 2
-
-
-
165
-
-
85033971922
-
-
PRO, Court of King's Bench Crown Side. Indictment Files for London and Middle" sex, KB 10/23, part 2, Hillary, 11 Geo. 2, 1737
-
PRO, Court of King's Bench Crown Side. Indictment Files for London and Middle" sex, KB 10/23, part 2, Hillary, 11 Geo. 2, 1737.
-
-
-
-
169
-
-
0040277531
-
-
11 May
-
The Daily Gazetteer, 11 May 1738, p. 2; De Veil, Memoirs, (London, 1748), p. 42.
-
(1738)
The Daily Gazetteer
, pp. 2
-
-
-
170
-
-
0039685754
-
-
London
-
The Daily Gazetteer, 11 May 1738, p. 2; De Veil, Memoirs, (London, 1748), p. 42.
-
(1748)
Memoirs
, pp. 42
-
-
De Veil1
-
172
-
-
85033972170
-
-
PRO, PC 1/15/5, part 1, 1738
-
PRO, PC 1/15/5, part 1, 1738.
-
-
-
-
173
-
-
0040871864
-
-
London
-
Sidney Webb and Beatrice Webb, The Parish and the County, English Local Government (London, 1963), pp. 324-331; Norma Landau, The Justices of the Peace, 1679-1760 (Berkeley, 1986), pp. 202-203.
-
(1963)
The Parish and the County, English Local Government
, pp. 324-331
-
-
Webb, S.1
Webb, B.2
-
174
-
-
0039913389
-
-
Berkeley
-
Sidney Webb and Beatrice Webb, The Parish and the County, English Local Government (London, 1963), pp. 324-331; Norma Landau, The Justices of the Peace, 1679-1760 (Berkeley, 1986), pp. 202-203.
-
(1986)
The Justices of the Peace, 1679-1760
, pp. 202-203
-
-
Landau, N.1
-
175
-
-
0040871964
-
-
PRO, PC 1/15/5, part 1, 1738; 16 May
-
PRO, PC 1/15/5, part 1, 1738; The London Daily Post, and General Advertiser, 16 May 1738, p. 1.
-
(1738)
The London Daily Post, and General Advertiser
, pp. 1
-
-
-
176
-
-
85033969384
-
-
PRO, Pye Book. London and Middlesex, IND 1/6672
-
PRO, Pye Book. London and Middlesex, IND 1/6672.
-
-
-
-
181
-
-
0040871964
-
-
27 July
-
The London Daily Post, and General Advertiser, 27 July 1738, p. 1; Richard Hooker, The Weekly Miscellany, 28 July 1738, pp. 2-3; Read's Weekly Journal, or, British-Gazetteer, 29 July 1738, p. 4; The Gentleman's Magazine; or, Monthly Intelligencer, July 1738, p. 379; The London Magazine; or, Gentleman's Monthly Intelligencer, August 1738, p. 411. The number of individuals reportedly convicted by the commissioners of Excise cannot be reconciled with the much smaller number recorded by the commissioners themselves, and is probably inflated, as noted by Lee Davison, "Experiments in the Social Regulation of Industry: Gin Legislation, 1729-1751," in Stilling the Grumbling Hive. The Response to Social and Economic Problems in England, 1689-1750, ed. Lee Davison, et al. (New York, 1992), pp. 36-37. According to PRO, CUST 48/13, 1733-1745, p. 397, and Treasury Papers, T 1/309, October-December 1742, entry 128, the commissioners convicted about 900 retailers during the same period of time, and convicted 1,642 retailers over the lifetime of the Act.
-
(1738)
The London Daily Post, and General Advertiser
, pp. 1
-
-
-
182
-
-
84903022253
-
-
28 July
-
The London Daily Post, and General Advertiser, 27 July 1738, p. 1; Richard Hooker, The Weekly Miscellany, 28 July 1738, pp. 2-3; Read's Weekly Journal, or, British-Gazetteer, 29 July 1738, p. 4; The Gentleman's Magazine; or, Monthly Intelligencer, July 1738, p. 379; The London Magazine; or, Gentleman's Monthly Intelligencer, August 1738, p. 411. The number of individuals reportedly convicted by the commissioners of Excise cannot be reconciled with the much smaller number recorded by the commissioners themselves, and is probably inflated, as noted by Lee Davison, "Experiments in the Social Regulation of Industry: Gin Legislation, 1729-1751," in Stilling the Grumbling Hive. The Response to Social and Economic Problems in England, 1689-1750, ed. Lee Davison, et al. (New York, 1992), pp. 36-37. According to PRO, CUST 48/13, 1733-1745, p. 397, and Treasury Papers, T 1/309, October-December 1742, entry 128, the commissioners convicted about 900 retailers during the same period of time, and convicted 1,642 retailers over the lifetime of the Act.
-
(1738)
The Weekly Miscellany
, pp. 2-3
-
-
Hooker, R.1
-
183
-
-
85033948115
-
-
29 July
-
The London Daily Post, and General Advertiser, 27 July 1738, p. 1; Richard Hooker, The Weekly Miscellany, 28 July 1738, pp. 2-3; Read's Weekly Journal, or, British-Gazetteer, 29 July 1738, p. 4; The Gentleman's Magazine; or, Monthly Intelligencer, July 1738, p. 379; The London Magazine; or, Gentleman's Monthly Intelligencer, August 1738, p. 411. The number of individuals reportedly convicted by the commissioners of Excise cannot be reconciled with the much smaller number recorded by the commissioners themselves, and is probably inflated, as noted by Lee Davison, "Experiments in the Social Regulation of Industry: Gin Legislation, 1729-1751," in Stilling the Grumbling Hive. The Response to Social and Economic Problems in
-
(1738)
Read's Weekly Journal, or, British-Gazetteer
, pp. 4
-
-
-
184
-
-
0039093548
-
-
July
-
The London Daily Post, and General Advertiser, 27 July 1738, p. 1; Richard Hooker, The Weekly Miscellany, 28 July 1738, pp. 2-3; Read's Weekly Journal, or, British-Gazetteer, 29 July 1738, p. 4; The Gentleman's Magazine; or, Monthly Intelligencer, July 1738, p. 379; The London Magazine; or, Gentleman's Monthly Intelligencer, August 1738, p. 411. The number of individuals reportedly convicted by the commissioners of Excise cannot be reconciled with the much smaller number recorded by the commissioners themselves, and is probably inflated, as noted by Lee Davison, "Experiments in the Social Regulation of Industry: Gin Legislation, 1729-1751," in Stilling the Grumbling Hive. The Response to Social and Economic Problems in England, 1689-1750, ed. Lee Davison, et al. (New York, 1992), pp. 36-37. According to PRO, CUST 48/13, 1733-1745, p. 397, and Treasury Papers, T 1/309, October-December 1742, entry 128, the commissioners convicted about 900 retailers during the same period of time, and convicted 1,642 retailers over the lifetime of the Act.
-
(1738)
The Gentleman's Magazine; or, Monthly Intelligencer
, pp. 379
-
-
-
185
-
-
0039093542
-
-
August
-
The London Daily Post, and General Advertiser, 27 July 1738, p. 1; Richard Hooker, The Weekly Miscellany, 28 July 1738, pp. 2-3; Read's Weekly Journal, or, British-Gazetteer, 29 July 1738, p. 4; The Gentleman's Magazine; or, Monthly Intelligencer, July 1738, p. 379; The London Magazine; or, Gentleman's Monthly Intelligencer, August 1738, p. 411. The number of individuals reportedly convicted by the commissioners of Excise cannot be reconciled with the much smaller number recorded by the commissioners themselves, and is probably inflated, as noted by Lee Davison, "Experiments in the Social Regulation of Industry: Gin Legislation, 1729-1751," in Stilling the Grumbling Hive. The Response to Social and Economic Problems in England, 1689-1750, ed. Lee Davison, et al. (New York, 1992), pp. 36-37. According to PRO, CUST 48/13, 1733-1745, p. 397, and Treasury Papers, T 1/309, October-December 1742, entry 128, the commissioners convicted about 900 retailers during the same period of time, and convicted 1,642 retailers over the lifetime of the Act.
-
(1738)
The London Magazine; or, Gentleman's Monthly Intelligencer
, pp. 411
-
-
-
186
-
-
0040871872
-
Experiments in the social regulation of industry: Gin legislation, 1729-1751
-
ed. Lee Davison, et al. New York
-
The London Daily Post, and General Advertiser, 27 July 1738, p. 1; Richard Hooker, The Weekly Miscellany, 28 July 1738, pp. 2-3; Read's Weekly Journal, or, British-Gazetteer, 29 July 1738, p. 4; The Gentleman's Magazine; or, Monthly Intelligencer, July 1738, p. 379; The London Magazine; or, Gentleman's Monthly Intelligencer, August 1738, p. 411. The number of individuals reportedly convicted by the commissioners of Excise cannot be reconciled with the much smaller number recorded by the commissioners themselves, and is probably inflated, as noted by Lee Davison, "Experiments in the Social Regulation of Industry: Gin Legislation, 1729-1751," in Stilling the Grumbling Hive. The Response to Social and Economic Problems in England, 1689-1750, ed. Lee Davison, et al. (New York, 1992), pp. 36-37. According to PRO, CUST 48/13, 1733-1745, p. 397, and Treasury Papers, T 1/309, October-December 1742, entry 128, the commissioners convicted about 900 retailers during the same period of time, and convicted 1,642 retailers over the lifetime of the Act.
-
(1992)
Stilling the Grumbling Hive. The Response to Social and Economic Problems in England, 1689-1750
, pp. 36-37
-
-
Davison, L.1
-
188
-
-
0039093538
-
-
CLRO, Repertories, 1737-1738, p. 267.
-
(1737)
Repertories
, pp. 267
-
-
-
189
-
-
85033965756
-
-
PRO, PC 1/15/5, part 1, 1738; PC 1/15/5, part 3, 3 April-7 June 1738; PC 1/15/5, part 4, 3 April-12 June 1738; 29 July
-
PRO, PC 1/15/5, part 1, 1738; PC 1/15/5, part 3, 3 April-7 June 1738; PC 1/15/5, part 4, 3 April-12 June 1738; Read's Weekly Journal, or, British-Gazetteer, 29 July 1738, p.
-
(1738)
Read's Weekly Journal, or, British-Gazetteer
, pp. 2
-
-
-
190
-
-
85033943142
-
-
note
-
Our sample of retailers includes 14 shipwrights, one sailmaker, 12 rope-makers, two riggers, and 23 carpenters, in addition to 27 mariners and five soldiers.
-
-
-
-
194
-
-
0040871871
-
-
New York
-
M. Dorothy George, London Life in the 18th Century, second ed. (New York, 1965), p. 182; John M. Beattie, "The Criminality of Women in Eighteenth-century England," Journal of Social History 8 (1975): 103; John M. Beattie, Crime and the Courts in England 1660-1800 (Princeton, 1986), pp. 230-231.
-
(1965)
London Life in the 18th Century, Second Ed.
, pp. 182
-
-
George, M.D.1
-
195
-
-
84925900307
-
The criminality of women in eighteenth-century England
-
M. Dorothy George, London Life in the 18th Century, second ed. (New York, 1965), p. 182; John M. Beattie, "The Criminality of Women in Eighteenth-century England," Journal of Social History 8 (1975): 103; John M. Beattie, Crime and the Courts in England 1660-1800 (Princeton, 1986), pp. 230-231.
-
(1975)
Journal of Social History
, vol.8
, pp. 103
-
-
Beattie, J.M.1
-
196
-
-
0003459465
-
-
Princeton
-
M. Dorothy George, London Life in the 18th Century, second ed. (New York, 1965), p. 182; John M. Beattie, "The Criminality of Women in Eighteenth-century England," Journal of Social History 8 (1975): 103; John M. Beattie, Crime and the Courts in England 1660-1800 (Princeton, 1986), pp. 230-231.
-
(1986)
Crime and the Courts in England 1660-1800
, pp. 230-231
-
-
Beattie, J.M.1
|