On the measurement of a weak classical force coupled to a harmonic oscillator: Experimental progress

Reviews of Modern Physics

Volumn 68, Issue 3, 1996, Pages 755-799

  Bocko, Mark F ^a   Onofrio, Roberto ^b  

^a University of Rochester   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF PADOVA   (Italy)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 0040834362     PISSN: 00346861     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1103/RevModPhys.68.755     Document Type: Article

References (266)

1. Adachi, S., M. Toda, and K. Ikeda, 1989, J. Phys. A 22, 3291.
2. Aguiar, O. D., W. W. Johnson, and W. O. Hamilton. 1991, Rev. Sci. Instrum. 62, 2523.
3. Aharonov, Y., and D. Bohm, 1961, Phys. Rev. 122, 1649.
4. Aharonov, Y., and D. Bohm, 1964, Phys. Rev. B 134, 1417.
5. Aharonov, Y., and A. Petersen, 1971, in Quantum Theory and Beyond, edited by T. Bastin (Cambridge University, Cambridge), p. 135.
6. Akamine, S., R. C. Barrett, and C. F. Quate, 1990, Appl. Phys. Lett. 57, 316.
7. Amaldi, E., and G. Pizzella, 1979, in Relativity, Quanta and Cosmology in the Development of the Scientific Thought of Albert Einstein, edited by F. De Finis (Johnson Reprint, New York), p. 282.
8. Anderson, M. H., J. R. Ensher, M. R. Matthews, C. E. Wieman, and E. A. Cornell, 1995, Science 269, 198.
9. Astone, P., M. Bassan, P. Bonifazi, P. Carelli, M. G. Castellano, G. Cavallari, E. Coccia, C. Cosmelli, V. Fafone, S. Frasca, E. Majorana, I. Modena, G. V. Pallottino, G. Pizzella, P. Rapagnani, F. Ricci, and M. Visco, 1993, Phys. Rev. D 47, 362.
10. Astone, P., M. Bassan, P. Bonifazi, M. G. Castellano, E. Coccia, C. Cosmelli, V. Fafone, S. Frasca, E. Majorana, I. Modena, G. Pallottino, G. Pizzella, P. Rapagnani, F. Ricci, and M. Visco, 1991, Europhys. Lett. 16, 231.
11. Awschalom, D. D., J. R. Rozen, M. B. Ketchen, W. J. Gallagher, A. W. Kleinsasser, R. L. Sandstrom, and B. Bumble, 1988, Appl. Phys. Lett. 53, 2108.
12. Bachor, H. A., M. D. Levenson, D. F. Walls, S. H. Perlmutter, and R. M. Shelby, 1988, Phys. Rev. A 38, 180.
13. Bagini, V., P. Lerner, and P. Tombesi, 1992, in Quantum Measurement in Optics, edited by P. Tombesi and D. F. Walls (Plenum. New York), p. 105.
14. Barchielli, A., 1983, Nuovo Cimento B 74, 113.
15. Barchielli, A., 1985, Phys. Rev. D 32, 347.
16. Barchielli, A., 1986, Phys. Rev. A 34, 1642.
17. Barchielli, A., L. Lanz, and G. M. Prosperi, 1982, Nuovo Cimento B 72, 121.
18. Barro, E., R. Onofrio, P. Rapagnani, and F. Ricci, 1988, in International Symposium on Experimental Gravitational Physics: Guangzhou, China, 3-8 August 1987, edited by P. F. Michelson (World Scientific, Singapore), p. 363.
19. Bassan, M., P. Bonifazi, F. Bordoni, M. G. Castellano, V. Iafolla, and M. Visco, 1990, Astron. Astrophys. 233, 285.
20. Bekenstein, J. D., and M. Schiffer, 1990, Int. J. Mod. Phys. C, Phys. Comput. 1, 355.
21. Belavkin, V. P., 1989, Phys. Lett. A 140, 355.
22. Belavkin, V. P., O. Hirota, and R. L. Hudson, Eds., 1995, Quantum Communications and Measurements (Plenum, New York).
23. Belavkin, V. O., and P. Staszewski, 1989, Phys. Lett. A 140, 359.
24. Blair, D., 1982, Phys. Lett. A 104, 335.
25. Bocko, M. F., 1990, Rev. Sci. Instrum. 61, 3763.
26. Bocko, M. F., F. Bordoni, F. Fuligni, and W. W. Johnson, 1986, in Physical Noise and 1/f Noise, edited by A. D'Amico and P. Mazzetti (Elsevier, Amsterdam), p. 47.
27. Bocko, M. F., and W. W. Johnson, 1982, Phys. Rev. Lett. 48, 1371.
28. Bocko, M. F., and W. W. Johnson, 1984, Phys. Rev. A 30, 2135.
29. Bocko, M. F., and W. W. Johnson, 1986, in New Techniques and Ideas in Quantum Measurement Theory, edited by D. M. Greenberger, Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences Vol. 480 (New York Academy of Sciences, New York).
30. Bocko, M. F., and W. W. Johnson, 1989, in Gravitational Wave Data Analysis, edited by B. F. Schutz (Kluwer Academic, Dordrecht/Boston), p. 125.
31. Bocko, M. F., W. W. Johnson, and V. Iafolla, 1989, IEEE Trans. Magn. 25, 1358.
32. Bocko, M. F., L. Narici, D. H. Douglass, and W. W. Johnson, 1984, Phys. Lett. A 104, 335.
33. Bocko, M. F., K. A. Stephenson, and R. Koch, 1988, Phys. Rev. Lett. 61, 726.
34. Bocko, M. F., M. J. Wengler, and Z. N. Zhang, 1989, IEEE Trans. Magn. 25, 1038.
35. Bocko, M. F., Z. Zhang, and S. Martinet, 1991, IEEE Trans. Magn. 27, 3391.
36. Bohm, D., 1951, Quantum Theory (Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ), p. 583.
37. Bohr, N., and Rosenfeld, L., 1933, Mat.-Fys. Medd. K. Dan. Vidensk. Selsk. 12, No. 8 [English translation by A. Petersen, in Selected Papers of Leon Rosenfeld, edited by R. S. Cohen and J. J. Stachel (Reidel, Dordrecht, 1979), p. 357].
38. Bohr, N., and Rosenfeld, L., 1933, Mat.-Fys. Medd. K. Dan. Vidensk. Selsk. 12, No. 8 [English translation by A. Petersen, in Selected Papers of Leon Rosenfeld, edited by R. S. Cohen and J. J. Stachel (Reidel, Dordrecht, 1979), p. 357].
39. Bohr, N., and L. Rosenfeld, 1950, Phys. Rev. 78, 794.
40. Bonifazi, P., C. Cinquegrana, E. Majorana, N. Pergola, P. Puppo, P. Rapagnani, F. Ricci, G. Vannaroni, and M. Visco, 1996, Phys. Lett. A 215, 141.
41. Bonifazi, P., and M. Visco, 1993, Nuovo Cimento C 15, 943.
42. Bordoni, F., P. Carelli, V. Foglietti, and F. Fuligni, 1985, IEEE Trans. Magn. 21, 421.
43. Bordoni, F., S. De Panfilis, F. Fuligni, V. Iafolla, and S. Nozzoli, 1986, in Proceedings of the Fourth Marcell Grossmann Meeting on General Relativity, edited by R. Ruffini (North-Holland, Amsterdam), p. 523.
44. Bordoni, F., F. Fuligni, and V. Iafolla, 1990, Nuovo Cimento C 13, 49.
45. Bordoni, F., M. Karim, M. F. Bocko, and T. Mengxi, 1990, Phys. Rev. D 42, 2952.
46. Bordoni, F., and R. Onofrio, 1990, Phys. Rev. A 41, 21.
47. Bradley, C. C., C. A. Sackett, J. J. Tollett, and R. G. Hulet, 1995, Phys. Rev. Lett. 75, 1687.
48. Braginsky, V. B., 1967, Zh. Eksp. Teor. Fiz. 53, 1434 [Sov. Phys. JETP 26, 831 (1968)].
49. Braginsky, V. B., 1967, Zh. Eksp. Teor. Fiz. 53, 1434 [Sov. Phys. JETP 26, 831 (1968)].
50. Braginsky, V. B., 1971, Physical Experiments with Test Bodies (Nauka, Moscow) [English translation published as NASA-TT F672, National Technical Information Service, Springfield, VA (1971)].
51. Braginsky, V. B., 1974, in Gravitational Radiation and Gravitational Collapse, Proceedings of IAU Symposium No. 64, edited by Cecile DeWitt-Morette (Reidel, Dordrecht), p. 28.
52. Braginsky, V. B., 1988, Usp. Fiz. Nauk. 156, 93 [Sov. Phys. Usp. 31, 836 (1989)].
53. Braginsky, V. B., 1988, Usp. Fiz. Nauk. 156, 93 [Sov. Phys. Usp. 31, 836 (1989)].
54. Braginsky, V. B., 1989, in Proceedings of the Third International Symposium on Foundations of Quantum Mechanics, edited by S. Kobayashi, H. Ezawa, Y. Murayama, and S. Nomura (The Physical Society of Japan, Tokyo), p. 135.
55. Braginsky, V. B., C. M. Caves, and K. S. Thorne, 1977, Phys. Rev. D 15, 2047.
56. Braginsky, V. B., M. L. Gorodetsky, and V. S. Il'chenko, 1989, Phys. Lett. A 137, 393.
57. Braginsky, V. B., V. S. Il'chenko, and Kh. S. Bagdassarov, 1987, Phys. Lett. A 120, 300.
58. Braginsky, V. B., and F. Ya. Khalili, 1983, Zh. Eksp. Teor. Fiz. 84, 1930 [Sov. Phys. JETP 57, 1124 (1983)].
59. Braginsky, V. B., and F. Ya. Khalili, 1983, Zh. Eksp. Teor. Fiz. 84, 1930 [Sov. Phys. JETP 57, 1124 (1983)].
60. Braginsky, V. B., and F. Ya. Khalili, 1990, Phys. Lett. A 147, 251.
61. Braginsky, V. B., and F. Ya. Khalili, 1991, Quantum Measurements (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge).
62. Braginsky, V. B., and F. Ya. Khalili, 1996, Rev. Mod. Phys. 68, 1.
63. Braginsky, V. B., V. P. Mitrofanov, and V. I. Panov, 1981, Sistemi s maloi dissipatsei (Nauka, Moscow) [English translation: Systems with Small Dissipation (University of Chicago, Chicago, 1985)].
64. Braginsky, V. B., V. P. Mitrofanov, and V. I. Panov, 1981, Sistemi s maloi dissipatsei (Nauka, Moscow) [English translation: Systems with Small Dissipation (University of Chicago, Chicago, 1985)].
65. Braginsky, V. B., and V. S. Nazarenko, 1969, Zh. Eksp. Teor. Fiz. 57, 1421 [Sov. Phys. JETP 30, 770 (1970)].
66. Braginsky, V. B., and V. S. Nazarenko, 1969, Zh. Eksp. Teor. Fiz. 57, 1421 [Sov. Phys. JETP 30, 770 (1970)].
67. Braginsky, V. B., V. I. Panov, V. G. Petnikov, and V. D. Popel'nyuk, 1977, Prib. Tekh. Eksp. 20(1), 234 [Instrum. Exp. Tech. (USSR) 20, 269 (1977)].
68. Braginsky, V. B., V. I. Panov, V. G. Petnikov, and V. D. Popel'nyuk, 1977, Prib. Tekh. Eksp. 20(1), 234 [Instrum. Exp. Tech. (USSR) 20, 269 (1977)].
69. Braginsky, V. B., and Yu. I. Vorontsov, 1974, Usp. Fiz. Nauk 114, 41 [Sov. Phys. Usp. 17, 644 (1975)].
70. Braginsky, V. B., and Yu. I. Vorontsov, 1974, Usp. Fiz. Nauk 114, 41 [Sov. Phys. Usp. 17, 644 (1975)].
71. Braginsky, V. B., Yu. Vorontsov, and F. Ya. Khalili, 1977, Zh. Eksp. Teor. Fiz. 73, 1340 [Sov. Phys. JETP 46, 705 (1977)].
72. Braginsky, V. B., Yu. Vorontsov, and F. Ya. Khalili, 1977, Zh. Eksp. Teor. Fiz. 73, 1340 [Sov. Phys. JETP 46, 705 (1977)].
73. Braginsky, V. B., Yu. Vorontsov, and F. Ya. Khalili, 1978, Zh. Eksp. Teor. Fiz. Pis'ma Red. 27, 296 [Sov. Phys. Lett. JETP 27, 276 (1978)].
74. Braginsky, V. B., Yu. Vorontsov, and F. Ya. Khalili, 1978, Zh. Eksp. Teor. Fiz. Pis'ma Red. 27, 296 [Sov. Phys. Lett. JETP 27, 276 (1978)].
75. Braginsky, V. B., Yu. I. Vorontsov, and V. D. Krivchenkov, 1975, Zh. Eksp. Teor. Fiz. 68, 55 [Sov. Phys. JETP 41, 28 (1975)].
76. Braginsky, V. B., Yu. I. Vorontsov, and V. D. Krivchenkov, 1975, Zh. Eksp. Teor. Fiz. 68, 55 [Sov. Phys. JETP 41, 28 (1975)].
77. Braginsky, V. B., Yu. Vorontsov, and K. S. Thorne, 1980, Science 209, 547.
78. Braginsky, V. B., and S. P. Vyatchanin, 1983, IEEE Trans. Magn. Vol.-MAG 19, No. 3, 570.
79. Braginsky, V. B., and S. P. Vyatchanin, 1988, Phys. Lett. A 132, 206.
80. Breuer, H. P., and F. Petruccione, 1995, Phys. Rev. Lett. 74, 3788.
81. Brown, L., and G. Gabrielse, 1986, Rev. Mod. Phys. 58, 233.
82. Brune, M., S. Haroche, V. Lefevre, J. M. Raimond, and N. Zagury, 1990, Phys. Rev. Lett. 65, 976.
83. Brune, M., S. Haroche, J. M. Raimond, L. Davidovich, and N. Zagury, 1992, Phys. Rev. A 45, 5193.
84. Buser, R. A., and N. F. De Rooij, 1990, Sensors and Actuators A21-A23, 323.
85. Calarco, T., and R. Onofrio, 1995, Phys. Lett. A 198, 279.
86. Caldeira, A. O., and A. J. Leggett, 1983a, Ann. Phys. (NY) 149, 374.
87. Caldeira, A. O., and A. J. Leggett, 1983b, Physica A 121, 587.
88. Carmichael, H. J., 1993, An Open System Approach to Quantum Optics, Lecture Notes in Physics Vol. 18 (Springer, Berlin).
89. Carmichael, H. J., S. Singh, R. Vyas, and P. R. Rice, 1989, Phys. Rev. A 39, 1200.
90. Casati, G., and B. Chirikov, Eds., 1994, Quantum Chaos: Between Order and Disorder (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge).
91. Casati, G., and B. Chirikov, 1995, Physica D 86, 220.
92. Caves, C. M., 1985, Phys. Rev. Lett. 54, 2465.
93. Caves, C. M., 1986, Phys. Rev. D 33, 1643.
94. Caves, C. M., 1987, Phys. Rev. D 35, 1815.
95. Caves, C. M., 1989, in Squeezed and Nonclassical Light, edited by P. Tombesi and E. R. Pike (Plenum, New York), p. 29.
96. Caves, C. M., and P. D. Drummond, 1994, Rev. Mod. Phys. 66, 481.
97. Caves, C. M., K. S. Thorne, R. W. P. Drever, V. D. Sandberg, and M. Zimmermann, 1980, Rev. Mod. Phys. 52, 341.
98. Cinquegrana, C., E. Majorana, N. Pergola, P. Puppo, P. Rapagnani, and F. Ricci, 1994, Phys. Rev. D 50, 3596.
99. Cinquegrana, C., E. Majorana, N. Pergola, P. Puppo, P. Rapagnani, and F. Ricci, 1995, Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Roma "La Sapienza" Preprint No. 1032, March 1994.
100. Cinquegrana, C., E. Majorana, P. Rapagnani, and F. Ricci, 1993, Phys. Rev. D 48, 448.
101. Collot, L., V. Lefèvre-Seguin, M. Brune, J. M. Raimond, and S. Haroche, 1993, Europhys. Lett. 23, 327.
102. Davies, E. B., 1976, Quantum Theory of Open Systems (Academic, London).
103. Davis, K. B., M.-O. Mewes, M. R. Andrews, N. J. van Druten, D. S. Durfee, D. M. Kurn, and W. Ketterle, 1995, Phys. Rev. Lett. 75, 3969.
104. Decroly, J. C., L. Laurent, J. C. Lienard, G. Marechal, and J. Vorsbeitchik, 1973, Parametric Amplifiers (MacMillan, London).
105. DiFilippo, F., V. Natarajan, K. R. Boyce, and D. E. Pritchard, 1992, Phys. Rev. Lett. 68, 2859.
106. Diosi, L., 1988a, J. Phys. A 21, 2885.
107. Diosi, L., 1988b, Phys. Rev. A 129, 419.
108. Diosi, L., 1989, Phys. Rev. A 40, 1165.
109. Dodonov, V. V., V. I. Man'ko, and V. N. Rudenko, 1980, Zh. Eksp. Teor. Fiz. 78, 881 [Sov. Phys. JETP 51, 443 (1980)].
110. Dodonov, V. V., V. I. Man'ko, and V. N. Rudenko, 1980, Zh. Eksp. Teor. Fiz. 78, 881 [Sov. Phys. JETP 51, 443 (1980)].
111. Douglass, D. H., and V. B. Braginsky, 1979, in General Relativity: An Einstein Centenary Survey, edited by S. W. Hawking and W. Israel (Cambridge University, Cambridge), p. 90.
112. Drummond, P. D., R. M. Shelby, S. R. Friberg, and Y. Yamamoto, 1993, Nature 365, 307.
113. Elsasser, W. M., 1937, Phys. Rev. 52, 987.
114. Escobar, C. O., L. Ferreira dos Santos, and P. C. Marques F., 1994, Phys. Rev. A 50, 1913.
115. Exner, P., 1985, Open Quantum Systems and Feynman Integrals (Reidel, Dordrecht).
116. Feynman, R. P., 1948, Rev. Mod. Phys. 20, 367.
117. Feynman, R. P., 1986, Found. Phys. 16, 507.
118. Feynman, R. P., and A. R. Hibbs, 1965, Quantum Mechanics and Path Integrals (McGraw-Hill, New York).
119. Feynman, R. P., and F. L. Vernon, 1963, Ann. Phys. 24, 118.
120. Fisher, M. A., M. F. Bocko, L. E. Marchese, G. Zhang, and M. Karim, 1995, Rev. Sci. Instrum. 66, 106.
121. Fock, V. A., 1962, Zh. Eksp. Teor. Fiz. 42, 1135 [Sov. Phys. JETP 15, 784 (1962)].
122. Fock, V. A., 1962, Zh. Eksp. Teor. Fiz. 42, 1135 [Sov. Phys. JETP 15, 784 (1962)].
123. Fock, V. A., 1965, Usp. Fiz. Nauk. 86, 363 [Sov. Phys. Usp. 8, 628 (1966)].
124. Fock, V. A., 1965, Usp. Fiz. Nauk. 86, 363 [Sov. Phys. Usp. 8, 628 (1966)].
125. Friberg, S. R., S. Machida, and Y. Yamamoto, 1992, Phys. Rev. Lett. 69, 3165.
126. Fuligni, F., 1982, Internal Report IFSI-CNR, Frascati.
127. Fuligni, F., and V. Iafolla, 1983, in Proceedings of the Third Marcell Grossmann Meeting on General Relativity, edited by Hu Ning (Science Press, Beijing and North-Holland, Amsterdam), p. 1451.
128. Gagen, M. J., and G. J. Milburn, 1993, Phys. Rev. A 47, 1467.
129. Gagen, M. J., H. M. Wiseman, and G. J. Milburn, 1993, Phys. Rev. A 48, 132.
130. Ghirardi, G. C., A. Rimini, and T. Weber, 1986, Phys. Rev. D 34, 470.
131. Giacobino, E., and C. Fabre, Eds., 1992, Appl. Phys. B 55 (Special issue on squeezed states and nonclassical light).
132. Giffard, R., 1976, Phys. Rev. D 14, 2478.
133. Giovanardi, U., V. Iafolla, P. Napoleoni, B. Pavan, S. Ugazio, and F. Ricci, 1981, J. Phys. E 14, 1067.
134. Gisin, N., 1984a, Phys. Rev. Lett. 52, 1657.
135. Gisin, N., 1984b, Phys. Rev. Lett. 53, 1776.
136. Gisin, N., and I. C. Percival, 1992a, J. Phys. A 25, 5677.
137. Gisin, N., and I. C. Percival, 1992b, Phys. Lett. A 167, 315.
138. Gorini, V., A. Kossakowski, and E. C. G. Sudarshan, 1976, J. Math. Phys. 17, 821.
139. Grangier, P., J. M. Courty, and S. Reynaud, 1992, Opt. Commun. 89, 99.
140. Grangier, P., J. F. Roch, and G. Roger, 1991, Phys. Rev. Lett. 66, 1418.
141. Greywall, D. S., B. Yurke, P. A. Busch, A. N. Pargellis, and R. L. Willett, 1994, Phys. Rev. Lett. 72, 2992.
142. Griffits, R. B., 1984, J. Stat. Phys. 36, 219.
143. Grishchuk, L. P., and M. V. Sazhin, 1975, Zh. Eksp. Teor. Fiz. 68, 1569 [Sov. Phys. JETP 41, 787 (1975)].
144. Grishchuk, L. P., and M. V. Sazhin, 1975, Zh. Eksp. Teor. Fiz. 68, 1569 [Sov. Phys. JETP 41, 787 (1975)].
145. Guerra, F., 1981, Phys. Rep. 77, 121.
146. Haroche, S., 1992, in Les Houches Summer School, Session LIII, Fundamental Systems in Quantum Optics, edited by J. Dalibard, J. M. Raimond, and J. Zinn-Justin (Elsevier Science, Amsterdam), p. 26.
147. Haus, H. A., and J. A. Müllen, 1962, Phys. Rev. 128, 2407.
148. Heffner, H., 1962, Proc. IRE 50, 1604.
149. Heistrom, C. W., 1976, Quantum Detection and Estimation Theory (Academic, New York).
150. Holland, M. J., M. J. Collett, D. F. Walls, and M. D. Levenson, 1990, Phys. Rev. A 42, 2995.
151. Hollenhorst, J. N., 1979, Phys. Rev. D 19, 1669.
152. Ilchenko, V. S., and M. L. Gorodetsky, 1992, Laser Phys. 2, 1004.
153. Ivanov, E. N., P. J. Turner, and D. G. Blair, 1993, Rev. Sci. Instrum. 64, 3191.
154. Ivanov, E. N., P. J. Turner, M. E. Tobar, and D. G. Blair, 1993, Rev. Sci. Instrum. 64, 1905.
155. Johnson, W. W., and M. F. Bocko, 1981, Phys. Rev. Lett. 47, 1184.
156. Kaminsky, G., 1985, J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B 3, 1015.
157. Kleiman, R. N., G. K. Kaminsky, J. D. Reppy, R. Pindak, and D. J. Bishop, 1985, Rev. Sci. Instrum. 56, 208.
158. Lam, C. C., 1979, Ph.D. thesis, University of Rochester.
159. Landau, L. D., R. Peierls, 1931, Z. Phys. 69, 56.
160. Lang, C. A., M. M. Dovek, C. F. Quate, 1989, Rev. Sci. Instrum. 60, 3109.
161. La Porta, A., R. E. Slusher, and B. Yurke, 1989, Phys. Rev. Lett. 62, 28.
162. Lavren'tev, G. Ya., 1969, Zh. Tekh. FIZ. 39, 1316 [Sov. Phys.-Tech. Phys. 14, 989 (1970)].
163. Lavren'tev, G. Ya., 1969, Zh. Tekh. FIZ. 39, 1316 [Sov. Phys.-Tech. Phys. 14, 989 (1970)].
164. Leggett, A. J., 1986, in New Techniques and Ideas in Quantum Measurement Theory, edited by D. M. Greenberger, Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences Vol. 480 (New York Academy of Sciences, New York).
165. Leggett, A. J., and A. Garg, 1985, Phys. Rev. Lett. 54, 857.
166. Lerner, P., and P. Tombesi, 1993, Phys. Rev. A 47, 4436.
167. Levenson, M. D., R. M. Shelby, M. Reid, and D. F. Walls, 1986, Phys. Rev. Lett. 57, 2473.
168. Li, Y. P., C. Tsui, J. J. Heremans, J. A. Simmons, and G. W. Weimann, 1990, Appl. Phys. Lett. 57, 774.
169. Li, Y. P., A. Zaslasky, D. C. Tsui, M. Santos, and M. Shayegan, 1990, Phys. Rev. B 41, 8388.
170. Lindblad, G., 1976, Commun. Math. Phys. 48, 119.
171. Liu, H. C., J. Li, G. C. Aers, C. R. Leavens, M. Buchanan, and Z. R. Wasilewski, 1995, Phys. Rev. B. 51, 5116.
172. Louisell, W. H., 1973, Quantum Statistical Properties of Radiation (Wiley, New York).
173. Louisell, W. H., A. Yariv, and A. E. Siegman, 1961, Phys. Rev. 124, 1646.
174. Ludwig, G., 1985, An Axiomatic Basis for Quantum Mechanics (Springer, Berlin), Vol. 2.
175. Majorana, E., N. Pergola, P. Puppo, P. Rapagnani, and F. Ricci, 1993, Phys. Lett. A 180, 43.
176. Marchese, L. E., M. F. Bocko, and R. Onofrio, 1992, Phys. Rev. D 45, 1869.
177. Marzoli I., and P. Tombesi, 1993, Europhys. Lett. 24, 515.
178. Mensky, M. B., 1979, Phys. Rev. D 20, 384.
179. Mensky, M. B., 1993, Continuous Measurements and Path Integrals (Institute of Physics, Bristol-Philadelphia).
180. Mensky, M. B., 1994, Phys. Lett. A 196, 159.
181. Mensky, M. B., R. Onofrio, and C. Presilla, 1991, Phys. Lett. A 161, 236.
182. Mensky, M. B., R. Onofrio, and C. Presilla, 1993, Phys. Rev. Lett. 70, 2825.
183. Misner, C. W., K. S. Thorne, and J. J. Wheeler, 1973, Gravitation (Freeman, San Francisco).
184. Mitrofanov, V. P., and V. N. Yakinov, 1989, Vestn. Mosk. Univ. Fiz. 44, No. 4, p. 36.
185. Natarajan, V., F. DiFilippo, and D. E. Pritchard, 1995, Phys. Rev. Lett. 74, 2855.
186. Nelson, E., 1980, Dynamical Theories of Brownian Motion (Princeton University, Princeton).
187. Nelson, E., 1985, Quantum Fluctuations (Princeton University, Princeton).
188. Niksch, M., and G. Binnig, 1988, J. Vac. Technol. A 6, 470.
189. Oelfke, W. C., and W. O. Hamilton, 1978, Acta Astron. 5, 87.
190. Oelfke, W. C., and W. O. Hamilton, 1983, Rev. Sci. Instrum. 54, 410.
191. Onofrio, R., 1987, Phys. Lett. A 120, 1.
192. Onofrio, R., 1990, Europhys. Lett. 11, 695.
193. Onofrio, R., and F. Bordoni, 1991, Phys. Rev. A 43, 2113.
194. Onofrio, R., and T. Calarco, 1995, Phys. Lett. A 208, 40.
195. Onofrio, R., and C. Presilla, 1992, Phys. Lett. A 166, 24.
196. Onofrio, R., and C. Presilla, 1993, Europhys. Lett. 22, 333.
197. Onofrio, R., and A. Rioli, 1993, Phys. Rev. D 47, 2176.
198. Ozawa, M., 1988, Phys. Rev. Lett. 60, 385.
199. Ozawa, M., 1989, in Squeezed and Nonclassical Light, edited by P. Tombesi and E. R. Pike (Plenum, New York/London), p. 263.
200. Paik, H. J., 1976, J. Appl. Phys. 47, 21.
201. Panov, V. I., and F. Ya. Khalili, 1980, in Abstract of Contributed Papers for the discussion groups: 9th International Conference on General Relativity and Gravitation (GR9), July 14-19, 1980, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, German Democratic Republic. (International Society on General Relativity and Gravitation, Jena), p. 2 and p. 397.
202. Papoulis, A., 1977, Signal Analysis (McGraw-Hill, New York).
203. Pearle, P., 1986, Phys. Rev. D 33, 2240.
204. Percival, I. C., 1994, Proc. R. Soc. London A 447, 189.
205. Poizat, J.-Ph., J.-F. Roch, and P. Grangier, 1994, Ann. Phys. (Paris) 19, 265.
206. Presilla, C., R. Onofrio, and M. F. Bocko, 1992, Phys. Rev. B 45, 3735.
207. Presilla, C. R. Onofrio, and U. Tambini, 1996, Ann. Phys. (N.Y.) 248, 94.
208. Przibram, K., Ed. 1967, Letters on Wave Mechanics: Schrödinger, Planck, Einstein, Lorentz (Philosophical Library, New York), p. 35.
209. Rapagnani, P., 1982, Nuovo Cimento C 5, 385.
210. Richard, J. P., 1982, in Proceedings of the Second Marcell Grossmann Meeting on General Relativity, edited by R. Ruffini (North-Holland, Amsterdam), p. 1239.
211. Richard, J. P., 1984, Phys. Rev. Lett. 52, 165.
212. Richard, J. P., 1986, J. Appl. Phys. 60, 3807.
213. Roch, J. F., G. Roger, P. Grangier, J.-M. Courty, and S. Reynaud, 1992, Appl. Phys. B 55, 291.
214. Rugar, D., and P. Grutter, 1991, Phys. Rev. Lett. 67, 699.
215. Ruggiero, P., and M. Zannetti, 1985, Riv. Nuovo Cimento 5, 8.
216. Schiller, S., and R. L. Byer, 1991, Opt. Lett. 16, 130.
217. Schrödinger, E., 1935, Naturwissenschaften 23, 807; 23, 823; 23, 844 [English translation by J. P. Trimmer, in Proc. Am. Philos. Soc. 124, 323 (1980)].
218. Schrödinger, E., 1935, Naturwissenschaften 23, 807; 23, 823; 23, 844 [English translation by J. P. Trimmer, in Proc. Am. Philos. Soc. 124, 323 (1980)].
219. Schrödinger, E., 1935, Naturwissenschaften 23, 807; 23, 823; 23, 844 [English translation by J. P. Trimmer, in Proc. Am. Philos. Soc. 124, 323 (1980)].
220. Schrödinger, E., 1935, Naturwissenschaften 23, 807; 23, 823; 23, 844 [English translation by J. P. Trimmer, in Proc. Am. Philos. Soc. 124, 323 (1980)].
221. Schumaker, B. L., 1985, J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 2, 92.
222. Schumaker, B. L., 1986, Phys. Rep. 125, 318.
223. Schumaker, B. L., S. H. Permutter, R. M. Shelby, and M. D. Levenson, 1987, Phys. Rev. Lett. 58, 357.
224. Slusher, R. E., P. Grangier, A. La Porta, B. Yurke, and M. J. Potasek, 1987, Phys. Rev. Lett. 59, 2566.
225. Smith, D. P. E., and G. Binnig, 1986, Rev. Sci. Instrum. 57, 1688.
226. Smithey, D. T., M. Beek, M. G. Raymer, and A. Faridani, 1993, Phys. Rev. Lett. 70, 1244.
227. Spetz, G. W., A. G. Mann, W. O. Hamilton, W. C. Oelfke, 1984, Phys. Lett. A 104, 335.
228. Stephenson, K. A., M. F. Bocko, and R. H. Koch, 1989, Phys. Rev. A 40, 6615.
229. Tesche, C. D., 1990, Phys. Rev. Lett. 64, 2358.
230. Thomas, J. E., and L. J. Wang, 1995, Phys. Rep. 262, 311.
231. Thorne, K. S., 1980, Rev. Mod. Phys. 52, 299.
232. Thorne, K. S., C. M. Caves, V. D. Sandberg, M. Zimmermann, and R. W. P. Drever, 1979, in Sources of Gravitational Radiation, edited by L. Smarr (Cambridge University, Cambridge), p. 49.
233. Thorne, K. S., R. W. P. Drever, C. M. Caves, M. Zimmermann, and V. D. Sandberg, 1978, Phys. Rev. Lett. 40, 667.
234. Tobar, M. E., and D. G. Blair, 1993, J. Phys. D 26, 2276.
235. Tobar, M. E., and D. G. Blair, 1995, Rev. Sci. Instrum. 66, 2751.
236. Toda, M., S. Adachi, and K. Ikeda, 1989, Prog. Theor. Phys. Suppl. 98, 323.
237. Unruh, W. G., 1978, Phys. Rev. D 18, 1764.
238. Unruh, W. G., 1979, Phys. Rev. D 19, 2888.
239. Unruh, W. G., and W. H. Zurek, 1989, Phys. Rev. D 40, 1071.
240. van Bentum, P. J. M., H. van Kempen, L. E. C. van de Leemput, and P. A. A. Teussinen, 1988, Phys. Rev. Lett. 60, 369.
241. van der Roer, T. G., H. C. Heyker, J. J. Kwaspen, H. P. Joosten, and M. Henini, 1991, Electron. Lett. 27, 2158.
242. Vogel, K., and H. Risken, 1989, Phys. Rev. A 40, 2847.
243. Vorontsov, Yu. Y., 1981, Usp. Fiz. Nauk. 133, 351 [Sov. Phys. Usp. 24, 150 (1981)].
244. Vorontsov, Yu. Y., 1981, Usp. Fiz. Nauk. 133, 351 [Sov. Phys. Usp. 24, 150 (1981)].
245. Vourdas, A., 1990, Opt. Commun. 76, 164.
246. Wajid, A., 1984, Ph.D. thesis, University of Rochester.
247. Wallis, H., 1995, Phys. Rep. 255, 203.
248. Walls, D. F., 1983, Nature 306, 141.
249. Weigert, S., 1991, Phys. Rev. A 43, 6597.
250. Weiss, D. S., V. Sandoghdar, J. Hare, V. LeFèvre-Seguin, J.-M. Raimond, and S. Haroche, 1995, Opt. Lett. 20, 1835.
251. Wengler, M. J., and M. F. Bocko, 1989, IEEE Trans. Magn. 25, 1376.
252. Wheeler, J. A., and W. H. Zurek, Eds., 1983, Quantum Theory and Measurements (Princeton University, Princeton).
253. Wineland, D. J., J. J. Bollinger, W. M. Itano, F. L. Moore, and D. J. Heinzen, 1992, Phys. Rev. A 46, R 6797.
254. Yuen, H. P., 1983, Phys. Rev. Lett. 51, 719.
255. Yurke, B., 1991, Science 252, 528.
256. Yurke, B., L. R. Corruccini, P. G. Kaminsky, L. W. Rupp, A. D. Smith, A. H. Silver, R. W. Simon, and E. A. Whittaker, 1989, Phys. Rev. A 39, 2519.
257. Yurke, B., P. Grangier, R. E. Slushier, and M. Potasek, 1987, Phys. Rev. A 35, 3586.
258. Yurke, B., P. G. Kaminsky, R. E. Miller, E. A. Whittaker, A. D. Smith, A. H. Silver, and R. W. Simon, 1988, Phys. Rev. Lett. 60, 764.
259. Yurke, B., and G. P. Kochanski, 1990, Phys. Rev. B 41, 8184.
260. Zhang, Z., M. F. Bocko, and M. J. Wengler, 1989, IEEE Trans. Magn. 25, 1042.
261. Zoller, P., M. Marte, and D. F. Walls, 1987, Phys. Rev. A 35, 198.
262. Zurek, W. H., 1981, Phys. Rev. D 24, 1516.
263. Zurek, W. H., 1982, Phys. Rev. D 26, 1862.
264. Zurek, W. H., Ed., 1990, Complexity, Entropy and the Physics of Information (Addison-Ewsley, Reading).
265. Zurek, W. H., S. Habib, and J. P. Paz, 1993, Phys. Rev. Lett. 70, 1187.
266. Zurek, W. H., and J. P. Paz, 1995, Physica D 83, 300.