Departmental influences on interdepartmental cooperation in daily newspapers

Journalism and Mass Communication Quaterly

Volumn 73, Issue 1, 1996, Pages 230-241

  Sylvie, George ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS AT AUSTIN   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 0040797993     PISSN: 10776990     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1177/107769909607300120     Document Type: Review

References (66)

1. See, for example, Anthony Smith, Goodbye Gutenberg: The Newspaper Revolution of the 1980s (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1980); Chris Argyris, Behind The Front Page (San Francisco: Jossey-Bass, 1974); and Frank W. Rucker and Herbert L. Williams, Newspaper Organization and Management (Ames, IA: Iowa State University Press, 1955).
2. See, for example, Anthony Smith, Goodbye Gutenberg: The Newspaper Revolution of the 1980s (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1980); Chris Argyris, Behind The Front Page (San Francisco: Jossey-Bass, 1974); and Frank W. Rucker and Herbert L. Williams, Newspaper Organization and Management (Ames, IA: Iowa State University Press, 1955).
3. See, for example, Anthony Smith, Goodbye Gutenberg: The Newspaper Revolution of the 1980s (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1980); Chris Argyris, Behind The Front Page (San Francisco: Jossey-Bass, 1974); and Frank W. Rucker and Herbert L. Williams, Newspaper Organization and Management (Ames, IA: Iowa State University Press, 1955).
4. Robert G. Marbut, "Future of Media," speech to 60th American Newspaper Publishers Association Technical Exposition and Conference, Atlanta, GA, 13 June 1988; see also Gene Goltz, "The Workforce Reorganization," presstime, September 1989, 18-23; and John Morton, "A Better Way to Manage," Washington Journalism Review 10 (May 1988): 18.
5. Robert G. Marbut, "Future of Media," speech to 60th American Newspaper Publishers Association Technical Exposition and Conference, Atlanta, GA, 13 June 1988; see also Gene Goltz, "The Workforce Reorganization," presstime, September 1989, 18-23; and John Morton, "A Better Way to Manage," Washington Journalism Review 10 (May 1988): 18.
6. Robert G. Marbut, "Future of Media," speech to 60th American Newspaper Publishers Association Technical Exposition and Conference, Atlanta, GA, 13 June 1988; see also Gene Goltz, "The Workforce Reorganization," presstime, September 1989, 18-23; and John Morton, "A Better Way to Manage," Washington Journalism Review 10 (May 1988): 18.
7. Ray Laakaniemi, "Written by Pros, Read by Amateurs: Analysis of Trade Speeches on Improving Newspaper Content," Newspaper Research Journal 9 (fall 1987): 31-40.
8. Barbara Gyles, "Ringing Up Retail," presstime, August 1992, 14-18; Walt Potter, "A Look Ahead: Year of the Big Turnaround?" presstime, January 1993, 24-26; Margaret G. Carter, "Ad/Edit Conflict: Them vs. Us," presstime, January 1993, 37-38.
9. Barbara Gyles, "Ringing Up Retail," presstime, August 1992, 14-18; Walt Potter, "A Look Ahead: Year of the Big Turnaround?" presstime, January 1993, 24-26; Margaret G. Carter, "Ad/Edit Conflict: Them vs. Us," presstime, January 1993, 37-38.
10. Barbara Gyles, "Ringing Up Retail," presstime, August 1992, 14-18; Walt Potter, "A Look Ahead: Year of the Big Turnaround?" presstime, January 1993, 24-26; Margaret G. Carter, "Ad/Edit Conflict: Them vs. Us," presstime, January 1993, 37-38.
11. John H. McManus, Market-Driven Journalism (Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications, 1994); Doug Underwood, When MBAs Rule The Newsroom (NY: Columbia University Press, 1993).
12. John H. McManus, Market-Driven Journalism (Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications, 1994); Doug Underwood, When MBAs Rule The Newsroom (NY: Columbia University Press, 1993).
13. Doug Underwood and Keith Stamm, "Balancing Business With Journalism: Newsroom Policies at 12 West Coast Newspapers," Journalism Quarterly 69 (summer 1992): 301-17.
14. Dean Tjosvold, "Cooperation Theory and Organizations," Human Relations 37 (September 1984): 743-67.
15. Morton Deutsch, "A Theory of Cooperation and Competition," Human Relations 2 (February 1949): 129-52.
16. Dean Tjosvold, "The Dynamics of Interdependence in Organizations," Human Relations 39 (June 1986): 517-40. See also Dean Tjosvold, "Cooperative and Competitive Dynamics Within and Between Organizational Units," Human Relations 41 (June 1988): 425-36; Dean Tjosvold, "Cooperative and Competitive Interdependence: Collaboration Between Departments to Serve Customers," Group & Organizational Studies 13 (September 1988): 274-89; Dean Tjosvold, "Interdependence and Power Between Managers and Employees: A Study of the Leader Relationship," Journal of Management 15 (March 1989): 49-62; and Dean Tjosvold and Yuan Tsao, "Productive Organizational Collaboration: The Role of Values and Cooperation," Journal of Organizational Behavior 10 (April 1989): 189-95.
17. Dean Tjosvold, "The Dynamics of Interdependence in Organizations," Human Relations 39 (June 1986): 517-40. See also Dean Tjosvold, "Cooperative and Competitive Dynamics Within and Between Organizational Units," Human Relations 41 (June 1988): 425-36; Dean Tjosvold, "Cooperative and Competitive Interdependence: Collaboration Between Departments to Serve Customers," Group & Organizational Studies 13 (September 1988): 274-89; Dean Tjosvold, "Interdependence and Power Between Managers and Employees: A Study of the Leader Relationship," Journal of Management 15 (March 1989): 49-62; and Dean Tjosvold and Yuan Tsao, "Productive Organizational Collaboration: The Role of Values and Cooperation," Journal of Organizational Behavior 10 (April 1989): 189-95.
18. Dean Tjosvold, "The Dynamics of Interdependence in Organizations," Human Relations 39 (June 1986): 517-40. See also Dean Tjosvold, "Cooperative and Competitive Dynamics Within and Between Organizational Units," Human Relations 41 (June 1988): 425-36; Dean Tjosvold, "Cooperative and Competitive Interdependence: Collaboration Between Departments to Serve Customers," Group & Organizational Studies 13 (September 1988): 274-89; Dean Tjosvold, "Interdependence and Power Between Managers and Employees: A Study of the Leader Relationship," Journal of Management 15 (March 1989): 49-62; and Dean Tjosvold and Yuan Tsao, "Productive Organizational Collaboration: The Role of Values and Cooperation," Journal of Organizational Behavior 10 (April 1989): 189-95.
19. Dean Tjosvold, "The Dynamics of Interdependence in Organizations," Human Relations 39 (June 1986): 517-40. See also Dean Tjosvold, "Cooperative and Competitive Dynamics Within and Between Organizational Units," Human Relations 41 (June 1988): 425-36; Dean Tjosvold, "Cooperative and Competitive Interdependence: Collaboration Between Departments to Serve Customers," Group & Organizational Studies 13 (September 1988): 274-89; Dean Tjosvold, "Interdependence and Power Between Managers and Employees: A Study of the Leader Relationship," Journal of Management 15 (March 1989): 49-62; and Dean Tjosvold and Yuan Tsao, "Productive Organizational Collaboration: The Role of Values and Cooperation," Journal of Organizational Behavior 10 (April 1989): 189-95.
20. Dean Tjosvold, "The Dynamics of Interdependence in Organizations," Human Relations 39 (June 1986): 517-40. See also Dean Tjosvold, "Cooperative and Competitive Dynamics Within and Between Organizational Units," Human Relations 41 (June 1988): 425-36; Dean Tjosvold, "Cooperative and Competitive Interdependence: Collaboration Between Departments to Serve Customers," Group & Organizational Studies 13 (September 1988): 274-89; Dean Tjosvold, "Interdependence and Power Between Managers and Employees: A Study of the Leader Relationship," Journal of Management 15 (March 1989): 49-62; and Dean Tjosvold and Yuan Tsao, "Productive Organizational Collaboration: The Role of Values and Cooperation," Journal of Organizational Behavior 10 (April 1989): 189-95.
21. Muzafer Sherif, ed. Intergroup Relations and Leadership: Approaches and Research in Industrial, Ethnic, Cultural, and Political Areas (NY: John Wiley & Sons Inc., 1962), 3-21. See also Muzafer Sherif, "Experiments in Group Conflict," in Intergroup Conflict and Cooperation, ed. Muzafer Sherif, O.J. Harvey, B. Jack White, William R. Hood, and Carolyn W. Sherif (Norman, OK: University of Oklahoma Books Exchange, 1961).
22. Muzafer Sherif, ed. Intergroup Relations and Leadership: Approaches and Research in Industrial, Ethnic, Cultural, and Political Areas (NY: John Wiley & Sons Inc., 1962), 3-21. See also Muzafer Sherif, "Experiments in Group Conflict," in Intergroup Conflict and Cooperation, ed. Muzafer Sherif, O.J. Harvey, B. Jack White, William R. Hood, and Carolyn W. Sherif (Norman, OK: University of Oklahoma Books Exchange, 1961).
23. Thomas A. Kochan, George P. Huber, and L.L. Cummings, "Determinants of Intraorganizational Conflict in Collective Bargaining in the Public Sector," Administrative Science Quarterly 20 (March 1975): 10-23.
24. Richard L. Daft, Organization Theory and Design (St. Paul, MN: West Publishing Co., 1983), 420-59.
25. Karen P. Brown, "Factors of Success for Newspapers in Intracity Competition" (paper presented at the annual meeting of AEJMC, Washington, DC, 1989).
26. Mark Fitzgerald, "Newsrooms Not Jumping on the Customer Service Bandwagon," Editor & Publisher, 2 June 1990, 13; see also Pam Janis, "Newspaper Target Marketing: Chance to Gain Readership," Gannetteer, May 1988, 8; Debra Gersh, "Emphasis on Service," Editor & Publisher, 26 March 1988, 22; Edward D. Miller, "There's Trouble Ahead for Newspapers If We're Counting on the Under-35s," The Poynter Report, Summer 1992, 4-5; Chuck Blevins, "Deming's Ninth Principle: Break Down Department Barriers," Newspapers & Technology 2 (March 1990): 10; Len Forman, "Newspaper Challenges: The Last Epitaph," Editor & Publisher, 29 July 1989, 56+; Virgil Fassio, James E. Pauloski, Ronald J. Pollina, Beverly Klein, and John Siegenthaler, "Interdepartmental Cooperation to Meet Common Challenges," Proceedings of the 90th Annual ICMA Conference (Reston, VA: International Circulation Managers Association, 1989), 98-102; Debra Gersh, "Promoting Your Newspaper Product," Editor & Publisher, 2 June 1990,35; Clark Newsom, "Trading Places: A Way to Learn What Others Do," presstime, August 1985, 6-7; Jack Marsh, "Circulation Task Force Testing Solutions to Declining Penetration," Gannetteer, November 1989, S3; Zachary Stalberg, "An Editor's New Assignment: Supervising the Circulation Department," ASNE Bulletin, February 1988,18-19; M.L. Stein, "Editors Told to Interact with Circulators, Carriers," Editor & Publisher, 24 October 1987, 28; "Organization Development/Customer Service," Knight Ridder News, spring 1990,6+; Gene Goltz, "A Twist to the Usual Organization Chart," presstime, May 1987, 50-51; and Rolf Rykken, "News and Circulation Examine the Advantages of Working in Tandem," presstime, August 1992, 29.
27. Mark Fitzgerald, "Newsrooms Not Jumping on the Customer Service Bandwagon," Editor & Publisher, 2 June 1990, 13; see also Pam Janis, "Newspaper Target Marketing: Chance to Gain Readership," Gannetteer, May 1988, 8; Debra Gersh, "Emphasis on Service," Editor & Publisher, 26 March 1988, 22; Edward D. Miller, "There's Trouble Ahead for Newspapers If We're Counting on the Under-35s," The Poynter Report, Summer 1992, 4-5; Chuck Blevins, "Deming's Ninth Principle: Break Down Department Barriers," Newspapers & Technology 2 (March 1990): 10; Len Forman, "Newspaper Challenges: The Last Epitaph," Editor & Publisher, 29 July 1989, 56+; Virgil Fassio, James E. Pauloski, Ronald J. Pollina, Beverly Klein, and John Siegenthaler, "Interdepartmental Cooperation to Meet Common Challenges," Proceedings of the 90th Annual ICMA Conference (Reston, VA: International Circulation Managers Association, 1989), 98-102; Debra Gersh, "Promoting Your Newspaper Product," Editor & Publisher, 2 June 1990,35; Clark Newsom, "Trading Places: A Way to Learn What Others Do," presstime, August 1985, 6-7; Jack Marsh, "Circulation Task Force Testing Solutions to Declining Penetration," Gannetteer, November 1989, S3; Zachary Stalberg, "An Editor's New Assignment: Supervising the Circulation Department," ASNE Bulletin, February 1988,18-19; M.L. Stein, "Editors Told to Interact with Circulators, Carriers," Editor & Publisher, 24 October 1987, 28; "Organization Development/Customer Service," Knight Ridder News, spring 1990,6+; Gene Goltz, "A Twist to the Usual Organization Chart," presstime, May 1987, 50-51; and Rolf Rykken, "News and Circulation Examine the Advantages of Working in Tandem," presstime, August 1992, 29.
28. Mark Fitzgerald, "Newsrooms Not Jumping on the Customer Service Bandwagon," Editor & Publisher, 2 June 1990, 13; see also Pam Janis, "Newspaper Target Marketing: Chance to Gain Readership," Gannetteer, May 1988, 8; Debra Gersh, "Emphasis on Service," Editor & Publisher, 26 March 1988, 22; Edward D. Miller, "There's Trouble Ahead for Newspapers If We're Counting on the Under-35s," The Poynter Report, Summer 1992, 4-5; Chuck Blevins, "Deming's Ninth Principle: Break Down Department Barriers," Newspapers & Technology 2 (March 1990): 10; Len Forman, "Newspaper Challenges: The Last Epitaph," Editor & Publisher, 29 July 1989, 56+; Virgil Fassio, James E. Pauloski, Ronald J. Pollina, Beverly Klein, and John Siegenthaler, "Interdepartmental Cooperation to Meet Common Challenges," Proceedings of the 90th Annual ICMA Conference (Reston, VA: International Circulation Managers Association, 1989), 98-102; Debra Gersh, "Promoting Your Newspaper Product," Editor & Publisher, 2 June 1990,35; Clark Newsom, "Trading Places: A Way to Learn What Others Do," presstime, August 1985, 6-7; Jack Marsh, "Circulation Task Force Testing Solutions to Declining Penetration," Gannetteer, November 1989, S3; Zachary Stalberg, "An Editor's New Assignment: Supervising the Circulation Department," ASNE Bulletin, February 1988,18-19; M.L. Stein, "Editors Told to Interact with Circulators, Carriers," Editor & Publisher, 24 October 1987, 28; "Organization Development/Customer Service," Knight Ridder News, spring 1990,6+; Gene Goltz, "A Twist to the Usual Organization Chart," presstime, May 1987, 50-51; and Rolf Rykken, "News and Circulation Examine the Advantages of Working in Tandem," presstime, August 1992, 29.
29. Mark Fitzgerald, "Newsrooms Not Jumping on the Customer Service Bandwagon," Editor & Publisher, 2 June 1990, 13; see also Pam Janis, "Newspaper Target Marketing: Chance to Gain Readership," Gannetteer, May 1988, 8; Debra Gersh, "Emphasis on Service," Editor & Publisher, 26 March 1988, 22; Edward D. Miller, "There's Trouble Ahead for Newspapers If We're Counting on the Under-35s," The Poynter Report, Summer 1992, 4-5; Chuck Blevins, "Deming's Ninth Principle: Break Down Department Barriers," Newspapers & Technology 2 (March 1990): 10; Len Forman, "Newspaper Challenges: The Last Epitaph," Editor & Publisher, 29 July 1989, 56+; Virgil Fassio, James E. Pauloski, Ronald J. Pollina, Beverly Klein, and John Siegenthaler, "Interdepartmental Cooperation to Meet Common Challenges," Proceedings of the 90th Annual ICMA Conference (Reston, VA: International Circulation Managers Association, 1989), 98-102; Debra Gersh, "Promoting Your Newspaper Product," Editor & Publisher, 2 June 1990,35; Clark Newsom, "Trading Places: A Way to Learn What Others Do," presstime, August 1985, 6-7; Jack Marsh, "Circulation Task Force Testing Solutions to Declining Penetration," Gannetteer, November 1989, S3; Zachary Stalberg, "An Editor's New Assignment: Supervising the Circulation Department," ASNE Bulletin, February 1988,18-19; M.L. Stein, "Editors Told to Interact with Circulators, Carriers," Editor & Publisher, 24 October 1987, 28; "Organization Development/Customer Service," Knight Ridder News, spring 1990,6+; Gene Goltz, "A Twist to the Usual Organization Chart," presstime, May 1987, 50-51; and Rolf Rykken, "News and Circulation Examine the Advantages of Working in Tandem," presstime, August 1992, 29.
30. Mark Fitzgerald, "Newsrooms Not Jumping on the Customer Service Bandwagon," Editor & Publisher, 2 June 1990, 13; see also Pam Janis, "Newspaper Target Marketing: Chance to Gain Readership," Gannetteer, May 1988, 8; Debra Gersh, "Emphasis on Service," Editor & Publisher, 26 March 1988, 22; Edward D. Miller, "There's Trouble Ahead for Newspapers If We're Counting on the Under-35s," The Poynter Report, Summer 1992, 4-5; Chuck Blevins, "Deming's Ninth Principle: Break Down Department Barriers," Newspapers & Technology 2 (March 1990): 10; Len Forman, "Newspaper Challenges: The Last Epitaph," Editor & Publisher, 29 July 1989, 56+; Virgil Fassio, James E. Pauloski, Ronald J. Pollina, Beverly Klein, and John Siegenthaler, "Interdepartmental Cooperation to Meet Common Challenges," Proceedings of the 90th Annual ICMA Conference (Reston, VA: International Circulation Managers Association, 1989), 98-102; Debra Gersh, "Promoting Your Newspaper Product," Editor & Publisher, 2 June 1990,35; Clark Newsom, "Trading Places: A Way to Learn What Others Do," presstime, August 1985, 6-7; Jack Marsh, "Circulation Task Force Testing Solutions to Declining Penetration," Gannetteer, November 1989, S3; Zachary Stalberg, "An Editor's New Assignment: Supervising the Circulation Department," ASNE Bulletin, February 1988,18-19; M.L. Stein, "Editors Told to Interact with Circulators, Carriers," Editor & Publisher, 24 October 1987, 28; "Organization Development/Customer Service," Knight Ridder News, spring 1990,6+; Gene Goltz, "A Twist to the Usual Organization Chart," presstime, May 1987, 50-51; and Rolf Rykken, "News and Circulation Examine the Advantages of Working in Tandem," presstime, August 1992, 29.
31. Mark Fitzgerald, "Newsrooms Not Jumping on the Customer Service Bandwagon," Editor & Publisher, 2 June 1990, 13; see also Pam Janis, "Newspaper Target Marketing: Chance to Gain Readership," Gannetteer, May 1988, 8; Debra Gersh, "Emphasis on Service," Editor & Publisher, 26 March 1988, 22; Edward D. Miller, "There's Trouble Ahead for Newspapers If We're Counting on the Under-35s," The Poynter Report, Summer 1992, 4-5; Chuck Blevins, "Deming's Ninth Principle: Break Down Department Barriers," Newspapers & Technology 2 (March 1990): 10; Len Forman, "Newspaper Challenges: The Last Epitaph," Editor & Publisher, 29 July 1989, 56+; Virgil Fassio, James E. Pauloski, Ronald J. Pollina, Beverly Klein, and John Siegenthaler, "Interdepartmental Cooperation to Meet Common Challenges," Proceedings of the 90th Annual ICMA Conference (Reston, VA: International Circulation Managers Association, 1989), 98-102; Debra Gersh, "Promoting Your Newspaper Product," Editor & Publisher, 2 June 1990,35; Clark Newsom, "Trading Places: A Way to Learn What Others Do," presstime, August 1985, 6-7; Jack Marsh, "Circulation Task Force Testing Solutions to Declining Penetration," Gannetteer, November 1989, S3; Zachary Stalberg, "An Editor's New Assignment: Supervising the Circulation Department," ASNE Bulletin, February 1988,18-19; M.L. Stein, "Editors Told to Interact with Circulators, Carriers," Editor & Publisher, 24 October 1987, 28; "Organization Development/Customer Service," Knight Ridder News, spring 1990,6+; Gene Goltz, "A Twist to the Usual Organization Chart," presstime, May 1987, 50-51; and Rolf Rykken, "News and Circulation Examine the Advantages of Working in Tandem," presstime, August 1992, 29.
32. Mark Fitzgerald, "Newsrooms Not Jumping on the Customer Service Bandwagon," Editor & Publisher, 2 June 1990, 13; see also Pam Janis, "Newspaper Target Marketing: Chance to Gain Readership," Gannetteer, May 1988, 8; Debra Gersh, "Emphasis on Service," Editor & Publisher, 26 March 1988, 22; Edward D. Miller, "There's Trouble Ahead for Newspapers If We're Counting on the Under-35s," The Poynter Report, Summer 1992, 4-5; Chuck Blevins, "Deming's Ninth Principle: Break Down Department Barriers," Newspapers & Technology 2 (March 1990): 10; Len Forman, "Newspaper Challenges: The Last Epitaph," Editor & Publisher, 29 July 1989, 56+; Virgil Fassio, James E. Pauloski, Ronald J. Pollina, Beverly Klein, and John Siegenthaler, "Interdepartmental Cooperation to Meet Common Challenges," Proceedings of the 90th Annual ICMA Conference (Reston, VA: International Circulation Managers Association, 1989), 98-102; Debra Gersh, "Promoting Your Newspaper Product," Editor & Publisher, 2 June 1990,35; Clark Newsom, "Trading Places: A Way to Learn What Others Do," presstime, August 1985, 6-7; Jack Marsh, "Circulation Task Force Testing Solutions to Declining Penetration," Gannetteer, November 1989, S3; Zachary Stalberg, "An Editor's New Assignment: Supervising the Circulation Department," ASNE Bulletin, February 1988,18-19; M.L. Stein, "Editors Told to Interact with Circulators, Carriers," Editor & Publisher, 24 October 1987, 28; "Organization Development/Customer Service," Knight Ridder News, spring 1990,6+; Gene Goltz, "A Twist to the Usual Organization Chart," presstime, May 1987, 50-51; and Rolf Rykken, "News and Circulation Examine the Advantages of Working in Tandem," presstime, August 1992, 29.
33. Mark Fitzgerald, "Newsrooms Not Jumping on the Customer Service Bandwagon," Editor & Publisher, 2 June 1990, 13; see also Pam Janis, "Newspaper Target Marketing: Chance to Gain Readership," Gannetteer, May 1988, 8; Debra Gersh, "Emphasis on Service," Editor & Publisher, 26 March 1988, 22; Edward D. Miller, "There's Trouble Ahead for Newspapers If We're Counting on the Under-35s," The Poynter Report, Summer 1992, 4-5; Chuck Blevins, "Deming's Ninth Principle: Break Down Department Barriers," Newspapers & Technology 2 (March 1990): 10; Len Forman, "Newspaper Challenges: The Last Epitaph," Editor & Publisher, 29 July 1989, 56+; Virgil Fassio, James E. Pauloski, Ronald J. Pollina, Beverly Klein, and John Siegenthaler, "Interdepartmental Cooperation to Meet Common Challenges," Proceedings of the 90th Annual ICMA Conference (Reston, VA: International Circulation Managers Association, 1989), 98-102; Debra Gersh, "Promoting Your Newspaper Product," Editor & Publisher, 2 June 1990,35; Clark Newsom, "Trading Places: A Way to Learn What Others Do," presstime, August 1985, 6-7; Jack Marsh, "Circulation Task Force Testing Solutions to Declining Penetration," Gannetteer, November 1989, S3; Zachary Stalberg, "An Editor's New Assignment: Supervising the Circulation Department," ASNE Bulletin, February 1988,18-19; M.L. Stein, "Editors Told to Interact with Circulators, Carriers," Editor & Publisher, 24 October 1987, 28; "Organization Development/Customer Service," Knight Ridder News, spring 1990,6+; Gene Goltz, "A Twist to the Usual Organization Chart," presstime, May 1987, 50-51; and Rolf Rykken, "News and Circulation Examine the Advantages of Working in Tandem," presstime, August 1992, 29.
34. Mark Fitzgerald, "Newsrooms Not Jumping on the Customer Service Bandwagon," Editor & Publisher, 2 June 1990, 13; see also Pam Janis, "Newspaper Target Marketing: Chance to Gain Readership," Gannetteer, May 1988, 8; Debra Gersh, "Emphasis on Service," Editor & Publisher, 26 March 1988, 22; Edward D. Miller, "There's Trouble Ahead for Newspapers If We're Counting on the Under-35s," The Poynter Report, Summer 1992, 4-5; Chuck Blevins, "Deming's Ninth Principle: Break Down Department Barriers," Newspapers & Technology 2 (March 1990): 10; Len Forman, "Newspaper Challenges: The Last Epitaph," Editor & Publisher, 29 July 1989, 56+; Virgil Fassio, James E. Pauloski, Ronald J. Pollina, Beverly Klein, and John Siegenthaler, "Interdepartmental Cooperation to Meet Common Challenges," Proceedings of the 90th Annual ICMA Conference (Reston, VA: International Circulation Managers Association, 1989), 98-102; Debra Gersh, "Promoting Your Newspaper Product," Editor & Publisher, 2 June 1990,35; Clark Newsom, "Trading Places: A Way to Learn What Others Do," presstime, August 1985, 6-7; Jack Marsh, "Circulation Task Force Testing Solutions to Declining Penetration," Gannetteer, November 1989, S3; Zachary Stalberg, "An Editor's New Assignment: Supervising the Circulation Department," ASNE Bulletin, February 1988,18-19; M.L. Stein, "Editors Told to Interact with Circulators, Carriers," Editor & Publisher, 24 October 1987, 28; "Organization Development/Customer Service," Knight Ridder News, spring 1990,6+; Gene Goltz, "A Twist to the Usual Organization Chart," presstime, May 1987, 50-51; and Rolf Rykken, "News and Circulation Examine the Advantages of Working in Tandem," presstime, August 1992, 29.
35. Mark Fitzgerald, "Newsrooms Not Jumping on the Customer Service Bandwagon," Editor & Publisher, 2 June 1990, 13; see also Pam Janis, "Newspaper Target Marketing: Chance to Gain Readership," Gannetteer, May 1988, 8; Debra Gersh, "Emphasis on Service," Editor & Publisher, 26 March 1988, 22; Edward D. Miller, "There's Trouble Ahead for Newspapers If We're Counting on the Under-35s," The Poynter Report, Summer 1992, 4-5; Chuck Blevins, "Deming's Ninth Principle: Break Down Department Barriers," Newspapers & Technology 2 (March 1990): 10; Len Forman, "Newspaper Challenges: The Last Epitaph," Editor & Publisher, 29 July 1989, 56+; Virgil Fassio, James E. Pauloski, Ronald J. Pollina, Beverly Klein, and John Siegenthaler, "Interdepartmental Cooperation to Meet Common Challenges," Proceedings of the 90th Annual ICMA Conference (Reston, VA: International Circulation Managers Association, 1989), 98-102; Debra Gersh, "Promoting Your Newspaper Product," Editor & Publisher, 2 June 1990,35; Clark Newsom, "Trading Places: A Way to Learn What Others Do," presstime, August 1985, 6-7; Jack Marsh, "Circulation Task Force Testing Solutions to Declining Penetration," Gannetteer, November 1989, S3; Zachary Stalberg, "An Editor's New Assignment: Supervising the Circulation Department," ASNE Bulletin, February 1988,18-19; M.L. Stein, "Editors Told to Interact with Circulators, Carriers," Editor & Publisher, 24 October 1987, 28; "Organization Development/Customer Service," Knight Ridder News, spring 1990,6+; Gene Goltz, "A Twist to the Usual Organization Chart," presstime, May 1987, 50-51; and Rolf Rykken, "News and Circulation Examine the Advantages of Working in Tandem," presstime, August 1992, 29.
36. Mark Fitzgerald, "Newsrooms Not Jumping on the Customer Service Bandwagon," Editor & Publisher, 2 June 1990, 13; see also Pam Janis, "Newspaper Target Marketing: Chance to Gain Readership," Gannetteer, May 1988, 8; Debra Gersh, "Emphasis on Service," Editor & Publisher, 26 March 1988, 22; Edward D. Miller, "There's Trouble Ahead for Newspapers If We're Counting on the Under-35s," The Poynter Report, Summer 1992, 4-5; Chuck Blevins, "Deming's Ninth Principle: Break Down Department Barriers," Newspapers & Technology 2 (March 1990): 10; Len Forman, "Newspaper Challenges: The Last Epitaph," Editor & Publisher, 29 July 1989, 56+; Virgil Fassio, James E. Pauloski, Ronald J. Pollina, Beverly Klein, and John Siegenthaler, "Interdepartmental Cooperation to Meet Common Challenges," Proceedings of the 90th Annual ICMA Conference (Reston, VA: International Circulation Managers Association, 1989), 98-102; Debra Gersh, "Promoting Your Newspaper Product," Editor & Publisher, 2 June 1990,35; Clark Newsom, "Trading Places: A Way to Learn What Others Do," presstime, August 1985, 6-7; Jack Marsh, "Circulation Task Force Testing Solutions to Declining Penetration," Gannetteer, November 1989, S3; Zachary Stalberg, "An Editor's New Assignment: Supervising the Circulation Department," ASNE Bulletin, February 1988,18-19; M.L. Stein, "Editors Told to Interact with Circulators, Carriers," Editor & Publisher, 24 October 1987, 28; "Organization Development/Customer Service," Knight Ridder News, spring 1990,6+; Gene Goltz, "A Twist to the Usual Organization Chart," presstime, May 1987, 50-51; and Rolf Rykken, "News and Circulation Examine the Advantages of Working in Tandem," presstime, August 1992, 29.
37. Mark Fitzgerald, "Newsrooms Not Jumping on the Customer Service Bandwagon," Editor & Publisher, 2 June 1990, 13; see also Pam Janis, "Newspaper Target Marketing: Chance to Gain Readership," Gannetteer, May 1988, 8; Debra Gersh, "Emphasis on Service," Editor & Publisher, 26 March 1988, 22; Edward D. Miller, "There's Trouble Ahead for Newspapers If We're Counting on the Under-35s," The Poynter Report, Summer 1992, 4-5; Chuck Blevins, "Deming's Ninth Principle: Break Down Department Barriers," Newspapers & Technology 2 (March 1990): 10; Len Forman, "Newspaper Challenges: The Last Epitaph," Editor & Publisher, 29 July 1989, 56+; Virgil Fassio, James E. Pauloski, Ronald J. Pollina, Beverly Klein, and John Siegenthaler, "Interdepartmental Cooperation to Meet Common Challenges," Proceedings of the 90th Annual ICMA Conference (Reston, VA: International Circulation Managers Association, 1989), 98-102; Debra Gersh, "Promoting Your Newspaper Product," Editor & Publisher, 2 June 1990,35; Clark Newsom, "Trading Places: A Way to Learn What Others Do," presstime, August 1985, 6-7; Jack Marsh, "Circulation Task Force Testing Solutions to Declining Penetration," Gannetteer, November 1989, S3; Zachary Stalberg, "An Editor's New Assignment: Supervising the Circulation Department," ASNE Bulletin, February 1988,18-19; M.L. Stein, "Editors Told to Interact with Circulators, Carriers," Editor & Publisher, 24 October 1987, 28; "Organization Development/Customer Service," Knight Ridder News, spring 1990,6+; Gene Goltz, "A Twist to the Usual Organization Chart," presstime, May 1987, 50-51; and Rolf Rykken, "News and Circulation Examine the Advantages of Working in Tandem," presstime, August 1992, 29.
38. Mark Fitzgerald, "Newsrooms Not Jumping on the Customer Service Bandwagon," Editor & Publisher, 2 June 1990, 13; see also Pam Janis, "Newspaper Target Marketing: Chance to Gain Readership," Gannetteer, May 1988, 8; Debra Gersh, "Emphasis on Service," Editor & Publisher, 26 March 1988, 22; Edward D. Miller, "There's Trouble Ahead for Newspapers If We're Counting on the Under-35s," The Poynter Report, Summer 1992, 4-5; Chuck Blevins, "Deming's Ninth Principle: Break Down Department Barriers," Newspapers & Technology 2 (March 1990): 10; Len Forman, "Newspaper Challenges: The Last Epitaph," Editor & Publisher, 29 July 1989, 56+; Virgil Fassio, James E. Pauloski, Ronald J. Pollina, Beverly Klein, and John Siegenthaler, "Interdepartmental Cooperation to Meet Common Challenges," Proceedings of the 90th Annual ICMA Conference (Reston, VA: International Circulation Managers Association, 1989), 98-102; Debra Gersh, "Promoting Your Newspaper Product," Editor & Publisher, 2 June 1990,35; Clark Newsom, "Trading Places: A Way to Learn What Others Do," presstime, August 1985, 6-7; Jack Marsh, "Circulation Task Force Testing Solutions to Declining Penetration," Gannetteer, November 1989, S3; Zachary Stalberg, "An Editor's New Assignment: Supervising the Circulation Department," ASNE Bulletin, February 1988,18-19; M.L. Stein, "Editors Told to Interact with Circulators, Carriers," Editor & Publisher, 24 October 1987, 28; "Organization Development/Customer Service," Knight Ridder News, spring 1990,6+; Gene Goltz, "A Twist to the Usual Organization Chart," presstime, May 1987, 50-51; and Rolf Rykken, "News and Circulation Examine the Advantages of Working in Tandem," presstime, August 1992, 29.
39. Mark Fitzgerald, "Newsrooms Not Jumping on the Customer Service Bandwagon," Editor & Publisher, 2 June 1990, 13; see also Pam Janis, "Newspaper Target Marketing: Chance to Gain Readership," Gannetteer, May 1988, 8; Debra Gersh, "Emphasis on Service," Editor & Publisher, 26 March 1988, 22; Edward D. Miller, "There's Trouble Ahead for Newspapers If We're Counting on the Under-35s," The Poynter Report, Summer 1992, 4-5; Chuck Blevins, "Deming's Ninth Principle: Break Down Department Barriers," Newspapers & Technology 2 (March 1990): 10; Len Forman, "Newspaper Challenges: The Last Epitaph," Editor & Publisher, 29 July 1989, 56+; Virgil Fassio, James E. Pauloski, Ronald J. Pollina, Beverly Klein, and John Siegenthaler, "Interdepartmental Cooperation to Meet Common Challenges," Proceedings of the 90th Annual ICMA Conference (Reston, VA: International Circulation Managers Association, 1989), 98-102; Debra Gersh, "Promoting Your Newspaper Product," Editor & Publisher, 2 June 1990,35; Clark Newsom, "Trading Places: A Way to Learn What Others Do," presstime, August 1985, 6-7; Jack Marsh, "Circulation Task Force Testing Solutions to Declining Penetration," Gannetteer, November 1989, S3; Zachary Stalberg, "An Editor's New Assignment: Supervising the Circulation Department," ASNE Bulletin, February 1988,18-19; M.L. Stein, "Editors Told to Interact with Circulators, Carriers," Editor & Publisher, 24 October 1987, 28; "Organization Development/Customer Service," Knight Ridder News, spring 1990,6+; Gene Goltz, "A Twist to the Usual Organization Chart," presstime, May 1987, 50-51; and Rolf Rykken, "News and Circulation Examine the Advantages of Working in Tandem," presstime, August 1992, 29.
40. Mark Fitzgerald, "Newsrooms Not Jumping on the Customer Service Bandwagon," Editor & Publisher, 2 June 1990, 13; see also Pam Janis, "Newspaper Target Marketing: Chance to Gain Readership," Gannetteer, May 1988, 8; Debra Gersh, "Emphasis on Service," Editor & Publisher, 26 March 1988, 22; Edward D. Miller, "There's Trouble Ahead for Newspapers If We're Counting on the Under-35s," The Poynter Report, Summer 1992, 4-5; Chuck Blevins, "Deming's Ninth Principle: Break Down Department Barriers," Newspapers & Technology 2 (March 1990): 10; Len Forman, "Newspaper Challenges: The Last Epitaph," Editor & Publisher, 29 July 1989, 56+; Virgil Fassio, James E. Pauloski, Ronald J. Pollina, Beverly Klein, and John Siegenthaler, "Interdepartmental Cooperation to Meet Common Challenges," Proceedings of the 90th Annual ICMA Conference (Reston, VA: International Circulation Managers Association, 1989), 98-102; Debra Gersh, "Promoting Your Newspaper Product," Editor & Publisher, 2 June 1990,35; Clark Newsom, "Trading Places: A Way to Learn What Others Do," presstime, August 1985, 6-7; Jack Marsh, "Circulation Task Force Testing Solutions to Declining Penetration," Gannetteer, November 1989, S3; Zachary Stalberg, "An Editor's New Assignment: Supervising the Circulation Department," ASNE Bulletin, February 1988,18-19; M.L. Stein, "Editors Told to Interact with Circulators, Carriers," Editor & Publisher, 24 October 1987, 28; "Organization Development/Customer Service," Knight Ridder News, spring 1990,6+; Gene Goltz, "A Twist to the Usual Organization Chart," presstime, May 1987, 50-51; and Rolf Rykken, "News and Circulation Examine the Advantages of Working in Tandem," presstime, August 1992, 29.
41. Paul R. Lawrence and Jay W. Lorsch, Organization and Environment: Managing Differentiation and Integration (Boston: Harvard Graduate School of Business Administration, 1967). See also Paul R. Lawrence and Jay W. Lorsch, "Differentiation and Integration in Complex Organizations," Administrative Science Quarterly 12 (June 1967): 1-47.
42. Paul R. Lawrence and Jay W. Lorsch, Organization and Environment: Managing Differentiation and Integration (Boston: Harvard Graduate School of Business Administration, 1967). See also Paul R. Lawrence and Jay W. Lorsch, "Differentiation and Integration in Complex Organizations," Administrative Science Quarterly 12 (June 1967): 1-47.
43. Morton Deutsch, Resolution of Conflict: Constructive and Destructive Processes (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1973), 67-123.
44. George Sylvie, "Interdepartmental Cooperation in Newspapers: A Pilot Case Study" (paper presented at Southwest Symposium for Journalism and Mass Communications, Tempe, AZ, October 1989).
45. Anonymous report, "Newsroom Management Committee," in The APME Red Book (NY: The Associated Press, 1989), 189-95.
46. Stephen Lacy, Ardyth B. Sohn, and Jan LeBlanc Wicks, Media Management: A Casebook Approach (Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum Associates, 1993), 34-37. See also Ardyth Sohn, Christine Ogan, and John Polich, Newspaper Leadership (Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 1986), 4-5.
47. Stephen Lacy, Ardyth B. Sohn, and Jan LeBlanc Wicks, Media Management: A Casebook Approach (Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum Associates, 1993), 34-37. See also Ardyth Sohn, Christine Ogan, and John Polich, Newspaper Leadership (Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 1986), 4-5.
48. Leon Festinger, "A Theory of Social Comparison Processes," Human Relations 7 (May 1954): 117-40.
49. Henri Tajfel, "Social Categorization, Social Identity and Social Comparison," in Differentiation Between Social Groups, ed. Henri Tajfel (London: Academic Press, 1978), 61-76.
50. Henri Tajfel and John C. Turner, "The Social Identity Theory of Intergroup Behavior," in Psychology of Intergroup Relations, ed. Stephen Worchel and William G. Austin (Chicago: Nelson-Hall, 1986), 7-24. See also Blake E. Ashforth and Fred Mael, "Social Identity Theory and the Organization," Academy of Management Review 14 (January 1989): 20-39.
51. Henri Tajfel and John C. Turner, "The Social Identity Theory of Intergroup Behavior," in Psychology of Intergroup Relations, ed. Stephen Worchel and William G. Austin (Chicago: Nelson-Hall, 1986), 7-24. See also Blake E. Ashforth and Fred Mael, "Social Identity Theory and the Organization," Academy of Management Review 14 (January 1989): 20-39.
52. Ashforth and Mael, "Social Identity Theory and the Organization."
53. Tajfel, "Social Categorization, Social Identity and Social Comparison."
54. Gillian Oaker and Rupert Brown, "Intergroup Relations in a Hospital Setting: A Further Test of Social Identity Theory," Human Relations 39 (August 1986): 767-78.
55. Phillip Elliott and David Chaney, "A Sociological Framework for the Study of Television Production," Sociological Review 17 (November 1969): 355-75.
56. Myria W. Allen, Joy H. Seibert, John W. Haas, and Stephanie Zimmermann, "Broadcasting Departmental Impact on Employee Perceptions and Conflict," Journalism Quarterly 65 (fall 1988): 668-77.
57. Dennis W. Jeffers and Nancy L. Lewis, "A Case Study of Newspaper Employee Perceptions of Communications Variables Related to Organizational Climate, Immediate Supervisor and Top Management" (paper presented at the annual meeting of AEJMC, Washington, DC, 1989).
58. Sylvie, "Interdepartmental Cooperation."
59. For example, Ohio dailies' average circulation (31,558) was similar to the national average of 38,686; also, 83% of Ohio dailies have circulations of less than 50,000 (as compared to the national average of 89%). In addition, 25% of all U.S. daily newspapers are chain-owned; 23% of Ohio dailies are chain-owned. See 1991 Editor & Publisher International Yearbook (NY: Editor & Publisher Co., 1991) and '91 Facts About Newspapers (Washington, DC: American Newspaper Publishers Association, 1991).
60. For example, Ohio dailies' average circulation (31,558) was similar to the national average of 38,686; also, 83% of Ohio dailies have circulations of less than 50,000 (as compared to the national average of 89%). In addition, 25% of all U.S. daily newspapers are chain-owned; 23% of Ohio dailies are chain-owned. See 1991 Editor & Publisher International Yearbook (NY: Editor & Publisher Co., 1991) and '91 Facts About Newspapers (Washington, DC: American Newspaper Publishers Association, 1991).
61. Agreement between departments was determined by using Kendall's coefficient of concordance, W (the variance of rank sums divided by the maximum possible variance of rank sums). Concordance was further interpreted by computing the correlation (r), which gives - on average - the tendency of manager-pairs to give relatively similar rankings. See Robert Winkler and William L. Hays, Statistics: Probability, Inference and Decision (NY: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1975).
62. The 12 factors for cooperative departments that were ranked are (in order listed): our departments understand each other; the jobs of the departments - their goals - are similar; the department's motivated along similar lines; each department's staff is easy to get along with; that department doesn't let external problems affect its dealings with us; that department simply has a positive outlook toward my department; that department is well-structured; the character or personality of that department's boss is a plus; that department knows what it wants to do; that department knows the customer; we don't have much contact with that department; and that department runs itself well.
63. George Sylvie, "Influence of Selected Market Factors in Interdepartmental Relationships in Daily Newspapers," in Readings in Media Management, ed. Stephen Lacy, Ardyth B. Sohn, and Robert H. Giles (Columbia, SC: Media Management and Economics Division of AEJMC, 1992), 181-200.
64. Allen et al., "Broadcasting Departmental Impact."
65. Elliot Aronson, The Social Animal (NY: W.H. Freeman and Co., 1984), 13-53.
66. Underwood and Stamm, "Balancing Business with Journalism."