Mountain geography

Geographical Review

Volumn 90, Issue 1, 2000, Pages 35-56

  Smethurst, David ^a  

^a NONE

Author keywords

Conservation; Cultural geography; Mountains; Political ecology

Indexed keywords

EID: 0040786466     PISSN: 00167428     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1931-0846.2000.tb00321.x     Document Type: Article

References (106)

1. Adams, W. M. 1990. Green Development: Environment and Sustainability in the Third World. London: Routledge.
2. Allan, N. J. R., G. W. Knapp, and C. Stadel, eds. 1988. Human Impact on Mountains. Totowa, N.J.: Rowman & Littlefield.
3. Angier, N. 1994. Redefining Diversity: Biologists Urge Look Beyond Rain Forests. New York Times, 29 November, §B, 9.
4. Bailey, R. G. 1996. Ecosystem Geography. Map suppl. New York: Springer.
5. Bätzing, W., M. Perlik, and M. Deklevan. 1996. Urbanization and Depopulation in the Alps. Mountain Research and Development 16 (4): 335-350.
6. Beinhart, W. 1989. Introduction: The Politics of Colonial Conservation. Journal of South African Studies 15 (2): 143-162.
7. Bent, A. H. 1913. The Indians and the Mountains. Appalachia 13 (3): 257-271.
8. Bishop, B. C. 1990. Karnali under Stress: Livelihood Strategies and Seasonal Rhythms in a Changing Nepal Himalaya. Geography Research Paper No. 228-229. Chicago: University of Chicago.
9. Blaikie, P., and H. Brookfield. 1987. Land Degradation and Society. London and New York: Methuen.
10. Blythe, S. H. 1994. Unpublished printout and map. World Conservation Monitoring Centre, Habitats Department, Cambridge, England.
11. Bodley, J. H. 1982. Victims of Progress. 2d ed. Palo Alto, Calif.: Mayfield Publishing.
12. Boeger, G. 1995. Interview with the author. Placerville, Calif., 14 March.
13. Boserup, E. 1965. The Conditions of Agricultural Growth: The Economics of Agrarian Change under Population Pressure. Chicago: Aldine.
14. Brower, B. 1991. Crisis and Conservation in Sagarmatha National Park, Nepal. Society and Natural Resources 4 (2): 151-163.
15. Brush, S. B. 1977. Mountain, Field and Family: The Economy and Human Ecology of an Andean Valley. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press.
16. Buckley, G. L. 1998. The Environmental Transformation of an Appalachian Valley, 1850-1906. Geographical Review 88 (2): 175-198.
17. Burger, J. 1990. The Gaia Atlas of First Peoples: A Future for the Indigenous World. New York: London: Robertson McCarta; New York: Doubleday.
18. Chapin, M. 1992. The Co-Existence of Indigenous Peoples and Environments in Central America. National Geographic Research and Exploration 8 (2): map suppl.
19. Cronon, W. 1983. Changes in the Land: Indians, Colonists, and the Ecology of New England. New York: Hill and Wang.
20. CWWR [Center for Water and Wildland Resources]. 1996. Status of the Sierra Nevada: Summary of the Sierra Nevada Ecosystem Project Report. Wildland Resource Center Report No. 39. Davis: University of California, Davis.
21. Denniston, D. 1995. High Priorities: Conserving Mountain Ecosystems and Cultures. Worldwatch Paper 123. Washington, D.C.: Worldwatch Institute.
22. Donkin, R. A. 1979. Agricultural Terracing in the Aboriginal New World. Viking Fund Publications in Anthropology, 56. Tucson: University of Arizona Press.
23. Eckholm, E. 1975. The Deterioration of Mountain Environments. Science 189 (4204): 764-770.
24. Forman, S. C. 1993. Elusive Horizons: In Nepal, Where Does Development End and Cultural Impoverishment Begin? Foreign Service Journal, June, 34-48.
25. Forman, S. H. 1988. The Future Value of the "Verticality" Concept: Implications and Possible Applications in the Andes. In Human Impact on Mountains, edited by N. J. R. Allan, G. W. Knapp, and C. Stadel, 133-153. Totowa, N.J.: Rowman & Littlefield.
26. Gade, D. W. 1972. Chaquitaclla: The Native Footplough and Its Persistence in Central Andean Agriculture. Tools and Tillage 2 (2): 3-15.
27. Glacken, C. J. 1967. Traces on the Rhodian Shore: Nature and Culture in Western Thought from Ancient Times to the End of the Eighteenth Century. Berkeley: University of California Press.
28. Green, M. J. B., and J. Paine. 1997. State of the World's Protected Areas at the End of the Twentieth Century. Paper presented at the IUCN World Commission on Protected Areas symposium on Protected Areas in the 21st Century: From Islands to Networks, Albany, Australia, 24-29 November.
29. Griggs, R. 1994. The Role of Fourth World Nations and the Synchronous Geopolitical Factors in the Breakdown of States. Ph.D. diss., University of California, Berkeley.
30. Grossman, L. S. 1997. Soil Conservation, Political Ecology, and Technological Change on Saint Vincent. Geographical Review 87 (3): 353-374.
31. _. 1998. The Political Ecology of Bananas: Contract Farming, Peasants, and Agrarian Change in the Eastern Caribbean. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press.
32. Grove, R. H. 1995. Green Imperialism: Colonial Expansion, Tropical Island Edens, and the Origins of Environmentalism, 1600-1860. Cambridge, England, and New York: Cambridge University Press.
33. Hamilton, B. 1994. An Enduring Wilderness. Sierra, September-October, 46-49.
34. Hewitt, K. 1988. The Study of Mountain Lands and Peoples: A Critical Overview. In Human Impact on Mountains, edited by N. J. R. Allan, G. W. Knapp, and C. Stadel, 6-23. Totowa, N.J.: Rowman & Littlefield.
35. Hills, E. S., ed. 1966. Arid Lands: A Geographical Appraisal. London: Methuen.
36. Hobbs, J. J. 1995. Mount Sinai. Austin: University of Texas Press.
37. _. 1996. Speaking with People in Egypt's St. Katherine National Park. Geographical Review 86 (1): 1-21.
38. Homewood, K. M., and W. A. Rodgers. 1991. Maasailand Ecology: Pastoralist Development and Wildlife Conservation in Ngorongoro, Tanzania. Cambridge, England, and New York: Cambridge University Press.
39. Humboldt, A. von, and A. Bonpland. 1977. Essai sur la géographie des plantes. . . . New York: Arno Press.
40. Illgner, P. M., E. L. Nel, and M. P. Robertson. 1998. Beekeeping and Local Self-Reliance in Rural Southern Africa. Geographical Review 88 (3): 349-362.
41. Ives, J. D. 1987. The Theory of Himalayan Environmental Degradation: Its Validity and Application Challenged by Recent Research. Mountain Research and Development 7 (3): 189-199.
42. _. 1991. Floods in Bangladesh: Who Is to Blame? New Scientist 130 (1764): 34-37.
43. _. 1992. Preface. In The State of the World's Mountains: A Global Report, edited by P. B. Stone, xiii-xvi. London, England, and Atlantic Highlands, N.J.: Zed Press.
44. _. 1996. Children and Poverty in Mountains. New York: UNICEF Environment Section.
45. Ives, J. D., and P. V. Krebs. 1978. Natural Hazards Research and Land-Use Planning Responses in Mountain Terrain: The Town of Vail, Colorado, Rocky Mountains, U.S.A. Arctic and Alpine Research 10 (2): 213-222.
46. Ives, J. D., and B. Messerli. 1989. The Himalayan Dilemma: Reconciling Development and Conservation. Tokyo: United Nations University.
47. _. 1990. Progress in Theoretical and Applied Mountain Research, 1973-1989, and Major Future Needs. Mountain Research and Development 10 (2): 101-127.
48. Jennings, J. N. 1971. Karst. Canberra: Australian National University Press.
49. Kariel, H. G. 1988. Tourism and Recreation Development in the Rocky Mountains of Canada. In Human Impact on Mountains, edited by N. J. R. Allan, G. W. Knapp, and C. Stadel, 228-242. Totowa, N.J.: Rowman & Littlefield.
50. Kiss, A., ed. 1990. Living with Wildlife: Wildlife Resource Management with Local Participation in Africa. World Bank Technical Paper 130. Washington, D.C.: World Bank.
51. Knapp, G. W. 1988. Methodologies for Examining Mountain Life and Habitat: Introduction. In Human Impact on Mountains, edited by N. J. R. Allan, G. W. Knapp, and C. Stadel, 129-132. Totowa, N.J.: Rowman & Littlefield.
52. Knapp, G. W., and W. Denevan. 1985. The Use of Wetlands in the Prehistoric Economy of the Northern Ecuadorian Highlands. In Prehistoric Intensive Agriculture in the Tropics, edited by I. S. Farrington, 184-207. International Research Series, 232. Oxford: British Archaeological Society.
53. Knudson, T. 1991. Majesty and Tragedy: The Sierra in Peril. Sacramento Bee, 9 June, §A, 5.
54. Langston, N. 1995. Forest Dreams, Forest Nightmares: The Paradox of Old Growth in the Inland West. Seattle: University of Washington Press.
55. McCay, B. J., and J. M. Acheson, eds. 1987. The Question of the Commons: The Culture and Ecology of Communal Resources. Tucson: University of Arizona Press.
56. McKean, M.A. 1986. Management of Traditional Common Lands (Iriaichi) in Japan. In Proceedings of the Conference on Common Property Resource Management, 533-589. Washington, D.C.: National Academy Press.
57. McNeely, J. A., and K. R. Miller, eds. 1984. National Parks, Conservation, and Development: The Role of Protected Areas in Sustaining Society: Proceedings of the World Congress on National Parks, Bali, Indonesia, 11-22 October 1982. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press.
58. Messerli, P., ed. 1989. Man and Nature in the Alpine Environment: Risks, Opportunities, and Perspectives. Bern and Stuttgart: Verlag P. Haupt.
59. Mishkin, B. 1940. Cosmological Ideas among the Indians of the Southern Andes. Journal of American Folklore 53 (Summer): 225-241.
60. Mitchell, W. P. 1976. Irrigation and Community in the Central Peruvian Highlands. American Anthropologist 78 (1): 25-44.
61. Mountain Agenda-UNCED [United Nations Conference on Environment and Development]. 1992. An Appeal for the Mountains. New York: United Nations.
62. Mountain Institute. 1995. International NGO Consultation on the Mountain Agenda: Summary Report and Recommendations to the U.N. Commission on Sustainable Development, April 1995. Franklin, Wyo.: Mountain Institute.
63. Murphree, M. W. 1991. Communities as Resource Management Institutions. London: International Institute for Environment and Development, Sustainable Agriculture Programme.
64. Naughton-Treves, L. 1997. Farming the Forest Edge: Vulnerable Places and People around Kibale National Park, Uganda. Geographical Review 87 (1): 27-46.
65. Netting, R. M. 1974. The System Nobody Knows: Village Irrigation in the Swiss Alps. In Irrigation's Impact on Society, edited by T. E. Downing and M. Gibson, 67-75. Tucson: University of Arizona Press.
66. _. 1981. Balancing on an Alp: Ecological Change and Continuity in a Swiss Mountain Community. Cambridge, England, and New York: Cambridge University Press.
67. Neumann, R. P. 1992. The Social Origins of Natural Resource Conflicts in Arusha National Park, Tanzania. Ph.D. diss., University of California, Berkeley.
68. Nichols, S., dir. 1982. The Fragile Mountain. Nova. WGBH Educational Foundation: 60 minutes. Videocassette.
69. Nietschmann, B. Q. 1986. Economic Development by Invasion of Indigenous Nations. Cultural Survival Quarterly 10 (2): 2-12.
70. _. 1991. Conservation by Self-Determination. National Geographic Research and Exploration 7 (3): 372-373.
71. _. 1995. Conservación, autodeterminación y el Área Protegida Costa Miskito. In Mesoamérica, edited by M. Chapin, C. Lutz, and C. Pancake, 4: 1-55. South Woodstock, Vt.: Plumstock Mesoamerica Studies.
72. Nunn, P. D. 1994. Oceanic Islands. Oxford, England, and Cambridge, Mass.: Blackwell.
73. Ojany, F. F. 1992. Introduction to African Mountains and Highlands: Crisis in Africa - Needed Research and Action, with Special Reference to Kenya. Mountain Research and Development 12 (4): 309-314.
74. Ostrom, E. 1990. Governing the Commons: The Evolution of Institutions for Collective Action. Cambridge, England, and New York: Cambridge University Press.
75. Peace Pledge Union. 2000. Wars and Armed Conflicts 2000. [http://www.ppu.org.uk/wars/n-text/ n-index.html].
76. Peluso, N. L. 1992. Rich Forests, Poor People: Resource Control and Resistance in Java. Berkeley: University of California Press.
77. Peluso, N. L., C. R. Humphrey, and L. P. Fortmann. 1994. The Rock, the Beach, and the Tidal Pool: People and Poverty in Natural Resource-Dependent Areas. Society and Natural Resources 7 (1): 23-38.
78. Pinkerton, E., ed. 1989. Co-Operative Management of Local Fisheries: New Directions for Improved Management and Community Development. Vancouver: University of British Columbia Press.
79. Poore, D., ed. 1992. Guidelines for Mountain Protected Areas. Gland, Switzerland: International Union for the Conservation of Nature.
80. Price, L. W. 1981. Mountains and Man: A Study of Process and Environment. Berkeley: University of California Press.
81. _. 1997. Letter to the author, 10 February.
82. Psacharopoulos, G., and H. A. Patrinos. 1994. Indigenous People and Poverty in Latin America. Finance and Development 31 (1): 41-43.
83. Rappaport, R. A. 1968. Pigs for the Ancestors: Ritual in the Ecology of a New Guinea People. New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press.
84. Redclift, M., and T. Benton, eds. 1994. Social Theory and the Global Environment. London: Routledge.
85. Rose, C. M. 1994. Property and Persuasion: Essays on the History, Theory, and Rhetoric of Ownership. Boulder, Colo.: Westview Press.
86. Sachs, W., ed. 1993. Global Ecology: A New Arena of Political Conflict. London: Zed Press.
87. Scheiner, S. M., and J. M. Rey-Benayas. 1994. Global Patterns of Plant Diversity. Evolutionary Ecology 8 (4): 331-347.
88. Soulé, M. E., and J. Terborgh, eds. 1999. Continental Conservation: Scientific Foundations of Regional Reserve Networks. Washington, D.C.: Island Press.
89. Spencer, W. 1980. Historical Dictionary of Morocco. Metuchen, N.J.: Scarecrow Press.
90. Stadel, C. 1991. Environmental Stress and Sustainable Rural Development in the Tropical Andes. Mountain Research and Development 11 (3): 213-223.
91. Stevens, S. F. 1993. Claiming the High Ground: Sherpas, Subsistence, and Environmental Change in the Highest Himalaya. Berkeley: University of California Press.
92. Stoddart, D. R. 1973. Coral Reefs: The Last Two Million Years. Geography 58 (2): 313-323.
93. Stone, P. B., ed. 1992. The State of the World's Mountains: A Global Report. London, England, and Atlantic Highlands, N.J.: Zed Books.
94. Sullivan, M. 1962. The Birth of Landscape Painting in China. Berkeley: University of California Press.
95. Sundberg, J. 1998. NGO Landscapes in the Maya Biosphere Reserve, Guatemala. Geographical Review 88 (3): 388-412.
96. Thorsell, J., and J. Harrison. 1992. National Parks and Nature Reserves in Mountain Environments and Development. GeoJournal 27 (1): 113-126.
97. Troll, C. 1968. The Cordilleras of the Tropical Americas: Aspects of Climatic, Phytogeographical and Agrarian Ecology. Colloquium Geographicum 9 (August): 15-56.
98. _. 1973. High Mountain Belts between the Polar Caps and the Equator: Their Definition and Lower Limits. Arctic and Alpine Research 5 (1): 19-27.
99. Turner, M. 1993. Overstocking the Range. Economic Geography 69 (4): 402-421.
100. Watts, M. J., and R. Peet. 1993. Introduction: Development Theory and Environment in an Age of Market Triumphalism. Economic Geography 69 (3): 227-253.
101. Winterhalder, B., R. Larsen, and R. B. Thomas. 1974. Dung as an Essential Resource in a Highland Peruvian Community. Human Ecology 2 (1): 89-104.
102. Whitesell, E. A. 1996. Local Struggles over Rain-Forest Conservation in Alaska and Amazonia. Geoeraphical Review 86 (3): 414-436.
103. Worster, D. 1988. The Ends of the Earth: Perspectives on Modern Environmental History. Cambridge, England, and New York: Cambridge University Press.
104. Wyckoff, W., and L. M. Dilsaver, eds. 1995. The Mountainous West: Explorations in Historical Geography. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press.
105. Zimmerer, K. 1993. Soil Erosion and Social (Dis)course in Cochabamba, Bolivia. Economic Geography 69 (3): 312-327.
106. _. 1998. Ecogeography of the Cultivated Andean Potatoes. Bioscience 48 (6): 445-454.