The significance of earth-eating: Social and cultural aspects of geophagy among Luo children

Africa

Volumn 70, Issue 4, 2000, Pages 652-681

  Geissler, P Wenzel ^a  

^a NONE

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 0040780094     PISSN: 00019720     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3366/afr.2000.70.4.653     Document Type: Article

References (68)

1. Abasi, A. K. 1995. 'Lua-lia, the "fresh funeral": founding a house for the deceased among the Kasena of north-east Ghana', Africa 65 (3), 448-75.
2. Abe, T. 1981. 'The concepts of Chira and Dhoch among the Luo of Kenya: transition, deviation and misfortune', in N. Nagashima (ed.), Themes in Socio-cultural Ideas and Behaviour among the Six Ethnic Groups of Kenya, pp. 125-40. Tokyo: Hitotsubashi University.
3. Abrahams, P. W. 1997. 'Geophagy (soil consumption) and iron supplementation in Uganda', Tropical Medicine and International Health 2 (7), 617-23.
4. Abrahams, P. W., and Parsons, J. A. 1996. 'Geophagy in the tropics: a literature review', Geographical Journal 162, 63-72.
5. Anell, B., and Lagercrantz, S. 1958. Geophagical Customs. Studia Ethnographica Upsaliensa 17. Uppsala: Uppsala Universitet.
6. Ardener, S. (ed.). 1975. Perceiving Women. London: Dent.
7. Århem, K. 1990. 'Milk, meat and blood: diet as a cultural code among the pastoral Maasai', in A. Jacobson-Widding and W. Beek (eds), The Creative Communion: African folk models of fertility and the regeneration of life, pp. 201-34. Uppsala: Uppsala Universitet.
8. Arnold, D. 1993. Colonising the Body: state medicine and epidemic disease in nineteenth century India. Berkeley CA: University of California Press.
9. Beckerleg, S. 1990. 'Maintaining Order, Creating Chaos: Swahili medicine in Kenya'. Unpublished PhD thesis, London: Department of Anthropology, University College London.
10. Berg-Schlosser, D. 1984. 'The Luo', in D. Berg-Schlosser (ed.), Tradition and Change in Kenya, pp. 115-29. Paderborn: Schöning.
11. Cohen, D. W., and Odhiambo, E. S. A. 1989. Siaya: the historical anthropology of an African landscape. Nairobi: Heinemann.
12. Edwards, C., Johnson, A. A., Knight, E. M., Oyemade, U. J., Cole, O. J., Westney, O. E., Jones, S., Laryea, H., and Westney, L. S. 1994. 'Pica in an urban environment', Journal of Nutrition 124 supplement, 954s-962s.
13. Escobar, A. 1984. 'Discourse and power in development: Michel Foucault and the relevance of his work to the Third World', Alternatives 10, 377-400.
14. Evans-Pritchard, E. E. 1940. The Nuer. London: Oxford University Press for the International African Institute.
15. _1950. 'Ghostly vengeance among the Luo of Kenya', Man 50, 86-7.
16. _1956. Nuer Religion. London: Oxford University Press for the International African Institute.
17. French, M. H. 1945. 'Geophagia in animals', East African Medical Journal 22, 103-10, 152-61.
18. Geissler, P. W. 1998a. '"Worms are our life": understandings of worms and the body among the Luo of western Kenya' I, Anthropology and Medicine 5, 63-81.
19. _1998b. '"Worms are our life": understandings of worms and the body among the Luo of western Kenya' II, Anthropology and Medicine 5, 133-44.
20. Geissler, P. W., Mwaniki, D., Thiong'o, F., and Friis, H. 1997. 'Geophagy among primary school children in western Kenya', Tropical Medicine and International Health 2, 624-30.
21. _1998a. 'Geophagy as a risk factor for geohelminth infections: a longitudinal study among Kenyan primary school children', Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 92, 7-11.
22. _1998b. 'Geophagy, iron status, and anaemia among primary school children in western Kenya', Tropical Medicine and International Health 3, 529-34.
23. Geissler, P. W., Prince, R. J., Beckerleg, S., Levene, M., and Shulman, C. 1999. 'Soil eating and anaemia among pregnant Giriama women and its perceived health impact', Social Science and Medicine 48 (8), 1069-79.
24. Geissler, P. W., Prince, R. J., Mutemi, W., Lowe, B., Friis, H., and Shulman, C. 1998. 'Geophagy and anaemia among pregnant women on the Kenyan coast', Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 92 (5), 549-53.
25. Hartmann, H. 1928. 'Some customs of the Luowo or Nilotic Kavirondo living in south Kavirondo', Anthropos 23 (1, 2), 263-75.
26. Horner, R., Lackey, C., and Kolasa, K. 1991. 'Pica practices of pregnant women', Journal of the American Dietetic Association 91, 34-8.
27. Hunter, J. M. 1973. 'Geophagy in Africa and in the United States', Geographical Review 63, 170-95.
28. _1993. 'Macrotermes geophagy and pregnancy clays in southern Africa', Journal of Cultural Geography 14, 69-92.
29. Jacobson-Widding, A. 1979. Red-White-Black as a Mode of Thought. Uppsala Studies in Cultural Anthropology 1. Uppsala: Uppsala Universitet.
30. Jacobson-Widding, A., and Beek, W. 1990. The Creative Communion: African folk models of fertility and the regeneration of life. Uppsala Studies in Cultural Anthropology 15. Uppsala: Uppsala Universitet.
31. Johns, T., and Duquette, M. 1991. 'Detoxification and mineral supplementation as functions of geophagy', American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 53, 448-56.
32. Junod, H. A. 1912. The Life of a South African Tribe I, The Social Life. Neuchâtel: Attinger.
33. Kenya Institute of Education. 1992. Primary Education Syllabus. Nairobi: Kenya Literature Bureau.
34. _1993a. Home Science: pupil's book for Standard Six. Nairobi: Kenya Literature Bureau.
35. _1993b. Home Science: pupil's book for Standard Seven. Nairobi: Kenya Literature Bureau.
36. Kilbride, P. L., and Kilbride, J. C. 1993. Changing Family Life in East Africa: women and children at risk. Nairobi: Gideon S. Were Press.
37. Kreulen, D. A. 1985. 'Lick use of large herbivores: a review of benefits and banes of soil consumption', Mammal Review 15 (3), 107-23.
38. Lagercrantz, S. 1958. 'Geophagical customs in Africa and among the negroes of America', in B. Anell and S. Lagercrantz (eds), Geophagical Customs, pp. 24-84. Studia Ethnographica Upsaliensa 17. Uppsala: Uppsala Universitet.
39. Laufer, B. 1930. Geophagy. Anthropological Series 18 (2). Chicago IL: Field Museum of Natural History.
40. Lienhardt, G. 1961. Divinity and Experience: the religion of the Dinka. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
41. Lovell, N. (ed.) 1998. Locality and Belonging. London: Routledge.
42. Mahaney, W. C., Hancock, R. G. V., Aufreiter, S., and Huffman, M. A. 1996. 'Geochemistry and clay mineralogy of termite mound soil and the role of geophagy in chimpanzees of the Mahale mountains, Tanzania', Primates 37, 121-34.
43. Mbiti, J. S. 1975. African Religions and Philosophy. London: Heinemann.
44. McComie, L. D., and Dhanarajan, G. 1993. 'The physical and chemical composition of mounds of Macrotermes carbonarius (Hagen) (Termitidae, Macro termitinae), in Penang, Malaysia', Journal of Soil Science 44, 427-33.
45. Moore, D. F. Jr. and Sears, D. A. 1994. 'Pica, iron deficiency and the medical history', American Journal of Medicine 97, 390-93.
46. Moore, H. L. 1986. Space, Text and Gender: an anthropological study of the Marakwet of Kenya. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
47. Ndisi, J. W. 1974. A Study in the Economic and Social Life of the Luo of Kenya. Uppsala: Nordisk Afrikainstitut.
48. Ocholla-Ayayo, A. B. C. 1976. Traditional Ideology and Ethics among the Southern Luo. Uppsala: Scandinavian Institute of African Studies.
49. Owen, W. E. 1933. 'Food and kindred matters among the Luo', Journal of the East Africa and Uganda Natural History Society 49-50, 235-49.
50. Parkin, D. 1978. The Cultural Definition of Political Response: lineal destiny among the Luo. London and New York: Academic Press.
51. Prince, R. J. 1999. 'The Legio Maria Church in western Kenya: healing with the Holy Spirit and the rejection of medicines'. Unpublished M.Sc. dissertation. London: Department of Anthropology, University College London.
52. Prince, R. J., Luoba, A., Adhiambo, P., Ng'Uono, J., and Geissler, P. W. 1999. 'Soil-eating is common among rural women in western Kenya', Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 93, 515-16.
53. Reid, R. 1992. 'Cultural and medical perspectives on geophagia', Medical Anthropology 13, 337-51.
54. Reynolds, P. 1991. Dance, Civet Cat, Dance: child labour in the Zambesi valley. Athens OH: Ohio University Press.
55. Richards, A. 1956 (1995). Chisungu: a girl's initiation ceremony among the Bemba of Zambia. London and New York: Routledge.
56. Singhi, S., Singhi, P., and Adwani, G. 1981. 'Role of psychosocial stress in the cause of pica', Clinical Pediatrics 20, 783-5.
57. Stafford, R. L. 1967. An Elementary Luo Grammar with Vocabulary. Nairobi: Oxford University Press.
58. Stahl, G. 1932. 'Die Geophagie', Zeitschrift für Ethnologie 63, 346-74.
59. Tessmann, G. 1934. Die Bafia und die Kultur der Mittelkamerun-Bantu. Stuttgart: Strecker & Schröder.
60. Thomson, J. 1997. 'Anaemia in pregnant women in eastern Caprivi, Namibia', South African Medical Journal 87, 1544-7.
61. Turner, V. 1967. The Forest of Symbols: aspects of Ndembu ritual. Ithaca NY and London: Cornell University Press.
62. Vaughan, M. 1991. Curing their Ills: colonial power and African illness. Cambridge: Polity Press.
63. Vermeer, D. E. 1966. 'Geophagy among the Tiv of Nigeria', Annals of the Association of American Geographers 56, 197-204.
64. _1971. 'Geophagy among the Ewe of Ghana', Ethnology 10, 56-72.
65. Vermeer, D. E., and Pareil, D. A. 1985. 'Nigerian geophagical clay: a traditional antidiarrhoeal pharmaceutical', Science 227 (4687), 634-6.
66. Walker, A. R. P., Walker, B. F., Sookaria, F. I., and Cannan, R. J. 1997. 'Pica', Journal of the Royal Society of Health 117 (5), 280-4.
67. Whyte, S. R. 1997. Questioning Misfortune: the pragmatics of uncertainty in eastern Uganda. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
68. Zwernemann, J. 1990. 'Ancestors, earth and fertility in the belief of some Voltaic peoples',. in A. Jacobson-Widding and W. Beek (eds), The Creative Communion: African folk models of fertility and the regeneration of life, pp. 93-110. Uppsala: Uppsala Universitet.