Simple and clean synthesis of 9,9-bis[4-(2-hydroxyethoxy)phenyl]fluorene from the aromatic alkylation of phenoxyethanol with fluoren-9-one catalysed by titanium cation-exchanged montmorillonite

Green Chemistry

Volumn 2, Issue 4, 2000, Pages 157-160

  Ebitani, Kohki ^a   Kawabata, Tomonori ^a   Nagashima, Kohji ^a   Mizugaki, Tomoo ^a   Kaneda, Kiyotomi ^a  

^a OSAKA UNIVERSITY   (Japan)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 0040778207     PISSN: 14639262     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1039/b001919o     Document Type: Article

References (32)

1. C. S. Chen, B. J. Bulkin and E. M. Pearce, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 1982, 27, 1177.
2. G. S. Papava, N. A. Maisuradze, Z. L. Zarkua, N. S. Dokhturishvili, Z. M. Sarishvile, G. B. Razmadze, S. V. Vinogradova and V. V. Korshak, Acta Polym., 1988, 8, 445.
3. M. Yamada, J. Sun, Y. Suda and T. Nakaya, Chem. Lett., 1998, 1055.
4. (a) K. Tanabe, M. Misono, Y. Ono and H. Hattori, New Solid Acids and Bases, Kodansha-Elsevier, Tokyo-Amsterdam, 1989;
5. (b) R. A. Sheldon, Chemtech, 1994, March, p. 38;
6. (c) J. A. Horsely, Chemtech, 1997, October, p. 45;
7. (d) S. Wieland, E. Auer, A. Freund, H. L. Rotgerink and P. Panster, Chemical Industries, ed. R. E. Maly, Catalysis of Organic Reactions, Marcel Dekker, New York, 1996, vol. 68, p. 277;
8. (e) J. H. Clark, Green Chem., 1999, 1, 1.
9. P. H. Espeel, B. Janssens and P. A. Jacobs, J. Org. Chem., 1993, 58, 7688; M. Alvaro, H. García, A. Sanjuán and M. Esplá, Appl. Catal. A: General, 1998, 175, 105.
10. P. H. Espeel, B. Janssens and P. A. Jacobs, J. Org. Chem., 1993, 58, 7688; M. Alvaro, H. García, A. Sanjuán and M. Esplá, Appl. Catal. A: General, 1998, 175, 105.
11. (a) P. Laszlo, Acc. Chem. Res., 1986, 19, 121;
12. (b) J. M. Adams, Appl. Clay Sci., 1987, 2, 309;
13. (c) J. H. Clark, A. P. Kybett, D. J. Macquarrie, S. J. Barlow and P. Landon, J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun., 1989, 1353;
14. (d) C. Cativiela, J. M. Fraile, J. I. Garcia, J. A. Mayoral, F. Figueras, L. C. De Menorval and P. J. Alonso, J. Catal., 1992, 137, 394;
15. (e) Y. Izumi, K. Urabe and M. Onaka, Catal. Today, 1997, 35, 183;
16. (f) J.-I. Tateiwa, E. Hayama, T. Nishimura and S. Uemura, J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. 1, 1997, 1923;
17. (g) G. Guiu, A. Gill, M. Montes and P. Grange, J. Catal., 1997, 168, 450;
18. (h) H. Sato, K. Hirose, K. Nagai, H. Yoshioka and Y. Nagaoka, Appl. Catal. A: General, 1998, 175, 201;
19. (i) Z.-H. Zhang, T.-S. Li, T.-S. Jin and J.-T. Li, J. Chem. Res. (S), 1998, 640;
20. (j) D. E. Ponda, V. H. Deshpande, V. J. Bulbule, A. Sudalai and A. S. Gajare, J. Org. Chem., 1998, 63, 1058.
21. M. Hino, S. Kobayashi and K. Arata, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1979, 110, 6439; T. Yamaguchi, T. Jin and K. Tanabe, J. Phys. Chem., 1986, 90, 3148.
22. M. Hino, S. Kobayashi and K. Arata, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1979, 110, 6439; T. Yamaguchi, T. Jin and K. Tanabe, J. Phys. Chem., 1986, 90, 3148.
23. G. Sankar, F. Rey, J. M. Thomas, G. N. Greaves, A. Corma, B. R. Dobson and A. J. Dent, J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun., 1994, 2279.
24. S. Bordiga, S. Collucia, C. Lamberti, L. Marchese, A. Zecchina, F. Boscherini, F. Buffa, F. Genoni, G. Leofanti, G. Petrini and G. Vlaic, J. Phys. Chem., 1994, 98, 4125.
25. A. Fahmi, C. Minot, B. Silvi and M. Causá, Phys. Rev. B, 1993, 47, 11717.
26. S. Bodoardo, R. Chiappetta, B. Onida, F. Figueras and E. Garrone, Microporous Mesoporous Mater., 1998, 20, 187; S. Bodoardo, F. Figueras and E. Garrone, J. Catal., 1994, 147, 223.
27. S. Bodoardo, R. Chiappetta, B. Onida, F. Figueras and E. Garrone, Microporous Mesoporous Mater., 1998, 20, 187; S. Bodoardo, F. Figueras and E. Garrone, J. Catal., 1994, 147, 223.
28. Y. Lvov, K. Ariga, I. Ichinose and T. Kunitake, Langmuir, 1996, 12, 3038.
29. J. Xiong and G. Maciel, J. Phys. Chem. B, 1999, 103, 5543.
30. P. G. Grant, S. L. Lemke, M. R. Dywer and T. D. Phillips, Langmuir, 1998, 14, 4292.
31. T. Tanaka, H. Yamashita, R. Tsuchitani, T. Funabiki and S. Yoshida, J. Chem. Soc., Faraday Trans., 1988, 84, 2987.
32. S. Yoshida, S. Takenaka, T. Tanaka, H. Hirano and H. Hayashi, in Studies in Surface Science and Catalysis, ed. J. W. Hightower, W. N. Delgass, E. Iglesia and A. T. Bell, Elsevier, Amsterdam, 1996, vol. 101, pp. 871-880.