The struggle for power and control: Shifting policy-making models and the Harris agenda for education in Ontario

Canadian Public Administration

Volumn 43, Issue 3, 2000, Pages 241-269

  Bedard, George J ^a   Lawton, Stephen B ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO   (Canada)

^b OISE/UT   (Canada)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 0040738458     PISSN: 00084840     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1754-7121.2000.tb01848.x     Document Type: Article

References (61)

1. R.J. In't Veld, "On the Evolution of Public Educational Policies in Europe," in S.B. Lawton, R. Reed and F. van Wieringen, eds., Restructuring Public Schooling: Europe, Canada, America (New York: Waxmann Publishing Company, 1997), pp. 13-24. See also F. van Wieringen, "School Autonomy: A Framework for a European Comparison," in Ibid., pp. 59-74.
2. R.J. In't Veld, "On the Evolution of Public Educational Policies in Europe," in S.B. Lawton, R. Reed and F. van Wieringen, eds., Restructuring Public Schooling: Europe, Canada, America (New York: Waxmann Publishing Company, 1997), pp. 13-24. See also F. van Wieringen, "School Autonomy: A Framework for a European Comparison," in Ibid., pp. 59-74.
3. Ronald Manzer, Public Schools and Political Ideas: Canadian Educational Policy in Historical Perspective (Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1994).
4. Jeremy Bentham, "The Constitutional Code," in J. Bowering, ed., The Collected Works of Jeremy Bentham, vol. 9 (New York: Russell and Russell, 1962).
5. Peter Coleman and Linda Larocque, "Educational Policies and Change in Canadian Education: An Interpretive Discussion," in R. Gosh and D. Ray, eds., Social Change and Education in Canada (Toronto: Harcourt, Brace Jovanovich, 1987), pp. 106-32.
6. John Stuart Mill, "Considerations on Representative Government," in J.S. Mill, On Liberty, Representative Government, the Subjection of Women: Three Essays (London: Oxford University Press, 1912).
7. Manzer, Public Schools and Political Ideas, pp. 24-5.
8. Coleman and Larocque, "Educational Policies," in Gosh and Ray, Social Change.
9. Royal Commission on Learning [RCOL], For the Love of Learning, vol. 1 (Toronto: Commission, 1994).
10. R.D. Gidney, From Hope to Harris: The Reshaping of Ontario's Schools (Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2000).
11. R.D. Gidney, "Instructive Parallels: Looking Back to Hall-Dennis," in G. Milburn, ed., Ring Some Alarm Bells in Ontario: Reactions to the Report of the Royal Commission on Learning (London, Ont.: Althouse Press, 1996). See also Eric W. Ricker, "Teachers, Trustees and Policy: The Politics of Education in Ontario, 1945-1975" (Ph.D. diss., University of Toronto, 1981).
12. R.D. Gidney, "Instructive Parallels: Looking Back to Hall-Dennis," in G. Milburn, ed., Ring Some Alarm Bells in Ontario: Reactions to the Report of the Royal Commission on Learning (London, Ont.: Althouse Press, 1996). See also Eric W. Ricker, "Teachers, Trustees and Policy: The Politics of Education in Ontario, 1945-1975" (Ph.D. diss., University of Toronto, 1981).
13. Manzer, Public Schools and Political Ideas; John Stapleton, "The Politics of Educational Innovations: A Case Study of the Credit System in Ontario" (Ph.D. diss., University of Toronto, 1975); W.G. Fleming, The Educative Society, vol. 5 (Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1971).
14. Manzer, Public Schools and Political Ideas; John Stapleton, "The Politics of Educational Innovations: A Case Study of the Credit System in Ontario" (Ph.D. diss., University of Toronto, 1975); W.G. Fleming, The Educative Society, vol. 5 (Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1971).
15. Manzer, Public Schools and Political Ideas; John Stapleton, "The Politics of Educational Innovations: A Case Study of the Credit System in Ontario" (Ph.D. diss., University of Toronto, 1975); W.G. Fleming, The Educative Society, vol. 5 (Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1971).
16. S.B. Lawton, G. Bedard, D. MacLellan and X. Li, Teachers' Unions in Canada (Calgary: Detselig, 1999), pp. 103-22. See also RCOL, For the Love of Learning, vols. 1 and 3.
17. S.B. Lawton, G. Bedard, D. MacLellan and X. Li, Teachers' Unions in Canada (Calgary: Detselig, 1999), pp. 103-22. See also RCOL, For the Love of Learning, vols. 1 and 3.
18. Commission on the Financing of Elementary and Secondary Education in Ontario, Report. Chaired by Ian H. Macdonald (Toronto: Ministry of Education, 1985); Ontario Tax Commission, Fair Taxation in a Changing World (Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1993); RCOL, For the Love of Learning, vols. 1 and 4.
19. Commission on the Financing of Elementary and Secondary Education in Ontario, Report. Chaired by Ian H. Macdonald (Toronto: Ministry of Education, 1985); Ontario Tax Commission, Fair Taxation in a Changing World (Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1993); RCOL, For the Love of Learning, vols. 1 and 4.
20. Lawton et al., Teachers' Unions in Canada; George Bedard and Stephen Lawton, "The battle over Bill 160 and the shape of teacher collective bargaining," Policy Options 19, no. 6 (July/August 1998), pp. 49-54.
21. Lawton et al., Teachers' Unions in Canada; George Bedard and Stephen Lawton, "The battle over Bill 160 and the shape of teacher collective bargaining," Policy Options 19, no. 6 (July/August 1998), pp. 49-54.
22. Stapleton, "Politics of Educational Innovations" (Ph.D. diss.).
23. Manzer, Public Schools and Political Ideas.
24. Once provincial assessment data became available, it was evident that a number of resource-poor boards in fact had student achievement levels that matched or exceeded those of resource-rich urban boards, a phenomenon that confirmed the opinion of some that Ontario's educational system was relatively inefficient in its use of funds.
25. George Radwanski, Ontario Study of the Relevance of Education, and the Issue of Dropout (Toronto: Ministry of Education, 1987); Ontario, Premier's Council, Competing in the New Global Economy (Toronto: Council, 1988); Economic Council of Canada, A Lot to Learn: Education and Training in Canada (Ottawa: Canada Communication Group, 1992).
26. George Radwanski, Ontario Study of the Relevance of Education, and the Issue of Dropout (Toronto: Ministry of Education, 1987); Ontario, Premier's Council, Competing in the New Global Economy (Toronto: Council, 1988); Economic Council of Canada, A Lot to Learn: Education and Training in Canada (Ottawa: Canada Communication Group, 1992).
27. George Radwanski, Ontario Study of the Relevance of Education, and the Issue of Dropout (Toronto: Ministry of Education, 1987); Ontario, Premier's Council, Competing in the New Global Economy (Toronto: Council, 1988); Economic Council of Canada, A Lot to Learn: Education and Training in Canada (Ottawa: Canada Communication Group, 1992).
28. Expenditures on elementary and secondary education increased from $6.323 billion in 1982-83 to $14.367 billion in 1994-95. Due to inflation, the value of a 1982 dollar was $1.45 in 1995. Therefore, inflation-adjusted expenditures had increased to $9.210 billion in terms of constant 1982 dollars, an increase of 45.6 per cent. See Stephen B. Lawton, Financing Canadian Education (Toronto: Canadian Education Association, 1996), Table 4, pp. 130-31, and pp. 148-50.
29. Ibid., pp. 181-82.
30. D. Musella and M. Ryall, "Restructuring as a Fiscal Restraint Measure in Ontario School Systems," in Lawton et al., Restructuring Public Schooling, pp. 155-66.
31. RCOL, For the Love of Learning.
32. George Bedard, "The Construction of Knowledge, Purpose, and Organization Inside Ontario's Royal Commission on Learning" (Ph.D. diss., University of Toronto, 1998).
33. Ontario, Ministry of Education and Training, The New Foundations for Ontario Education (New Foundations) (Toronto: Ministry, 1995). See also http://www/edu.gov.on.ca.
34. Bedard, "The Construction of Knowledge" (Ph.D. diss.), p. 246.
35. Education Quality and Accountability Office Act [Bill 30] S.O 1996, c. 11 (See also http://www.ontla.on.ca/journal/.)
36. Ontario, Ministry of Education and Training, The Common Curriculum, Grades 1-9 (Toronto: Ministry, 1995). (See also http://www.edu.gov.on.ca/.)
37. John Ibbitson, Promised Land: Inside the Mike Harris Revolution (Scarborough, Ont.: Prentice Hall Canada, 1997).
38. Ibid.
39. Lawton et al., Teachers' Unions in Canada; L. Paroian, Review of the School Boards'/Teachers' Collective Negotiations Process in Ontario (Toronto: Ministry of Education and Training, 1996).
40. Lawton et al., Teachers' Unions in Canada; L. Paroian, Review of the School Boards'/Teachers' Collective Negotiations Process in Ontario (Toronto: Ministry of Education and Training, 1996).
41. Education Quality Improvement Act [Bill 160] S.O. 1997, c. 31. (See also http://www.ontla.on.ca/journals/.); Ontario, Education Improvement Commission, The Road Ahead: A Report on Learning Time, Class Size and Staffing (Toronto: Ministry of Education and Training, 1997).
42. Education Quality Improvement Act [Bill 160] S.O. 1997, c. 31. (See also http://www.ontla.on.ca/journals/.); Ontario, Education Improvement Commission, The Road Ahead: A Report on Learning Time, Class Size and Staffing (Toronto: Ministry of Education and Training, 1997).
43. Education Accountability Act [Bill 74] S.O. 2000, c. 11. (See also http://www.ontla.on.ca/Documents/StatusofLegOUT/b074_e.htm.)
44. Ontario, Education Improvement Commission, Second Interim Report on the Progress Review of Ontario's New District School Boards (Toronto: Ministry of Eduction, 1999).
45. Fewer School Boards Act [Bill 104] S.O. 1997, c. 3. (See also http://www.ontla.on.ca/journal/.)
46. Canada, Council of Ministers of Education, The Development of Education: Report of Canada (Toronto: Council, 1996).
47. Ontario, Education Improvement Commission, The Road Ahead III: A Report on the Role of School Councils (Toronto: Commission, 1998). (See also http://eic.edu.gov.on.ca/eicroot/english/public/report.asp.)
48. Ontario, Education Improvement Commission, The Road Ahead IV: A Report on Improving Schools through Greater Accountability (Toronto: Commission, 2000). (See also http://eic.edu.gov.on.ca/eicroot/english/board/report/road4/default.asp.)
49. Ontario, Ministry of Education and Training, Ontario Secondary Schools (Toronto: Ministry, 1998); Ontario, Ministry of Education and Training, Putting Students First: Ontario's Plan for Education Reform (Toronto: Queen's Printer, 1997); Ontario, Ministry of Education and Training, The Ontario Curriculum, Grades 1-8 (Toronto: Ministry, 1997); Ontario, Ministry of Education and Training, Excellence in Education (Toronto: Queen's Printer, 1996). (See also http://www.edu.gov.on.ca/.)
50. Ontario, Ministry of Education and Training, Ontario Secondary Schools (Toronto: Ministry, 1998); Ontario, Ministry of Education and Training, Putting Students First: Ontario's Plan for Education Reform (Toronto: Queen's Printer, 1997); Ontario, Ministry of Education and Training, The Ontario Curriculum, Grades 1-8 (Toronto: Ministry, 1997); Ontario, Ministry of Education and Training, Excellence in Education (Toronto: Queen's Printer, 1996). (See also http://www.edu.gov.on.ca/.)
51. Ontario, Ministry of Education and Training, Ontario Secondary Schools (Toronto: Ministry, 1998); Ontario, Ministry of Education and Training, Putting Students First: Ontario's Plan for Education Reform (Toronto: Queen's Printer, 1997); Ontario, Ministry of Education and Training, The Ontario Curriculum, Grades 1-8 (Toronto: Ministry, 1997); Ontario, Ministry of Education and Training, Excellence in Education (Toronto: Queen's Printer, 1996). (See also http://www.edu.gov.on.ca/.)
52. Ontario, Ministry of Education and Training, Ontario Secondary Schools (Toronto: Ministry, 1998); Ontario, Ministry of Education and Training, Putting Students First: Ontario's Plan for Education Reform (Toronto: Queen's Printer, 1997); Ontario, Ministry of Education and Training, The Ontario Curriculum, Grades 1-8 (Toronto: Ministry, 1997); Ontario, Ministry of Education and Training, Excellence in Education (Toronto: Queen's Printer, 1996). (See also http://www.edu.gov.on.ca/.)
53. J.F. Mustard and M. McCain, Early Years Study (Toronto: Ministry of Education, 1999).
54. Lawton, Financing Canadian Education.
55. M. Fullan and S. Steigelbauer, The New Meaning of Educational Change (Toronto: OISE Press, 1991); Linda Larocque and Peter Coleman, "Quality Control: School Accountability and District Ethos," in M. Holmes, ed., Educational Policy for Effective Schools (Toronto: OISE Press, 1989).
56. M. Fullan and S. Steigelbauer, The New Meaning of Educational Change (Toronto: OISE Press, 1991); Linda Larocque and Peter Coleman, "Quality Control: School Accountability and District Ethos," in M. Holmes, ed., Educational Policy for Effective Schools (Toronto: OISE Press, 1989).
57. Sid Noel, Revolution at Queen's Park: Essays on Governing Ontario (Toronto: James Lorimer & Company, 1997); Ibbitson, Promised Land.
58. Sid Noel, Revolution at Queen's Park: Essays on Governing Ontario (Toronto: James Lorimer & Company, 1997); Ibbitson, Promised Land.
59. Nigel Ashford and Stephen Davies, eds., A Dictionary of Conservative and Libertarian Thought (London and New York: Routledge, 1991).
60. Richard Mackie, "Education-system overhaul gets passing grade in poll," The Globe and Mail (Toronto) 30 May 2000 [on-line edition].
61. Noel, Revolution at Queen's Park.