The German-Jewish encounter as a historical problem a reconsideration

Leo Baeck Institute Yearbook

Volumn 41, Issue 1, 1996, Pages 263-274

  Friesel, Evyatar ^a  

^a NONE

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EID: 0040736551     PISSN: 00758744     EISSN: 1758437X     Source Type: Book Series    
DOI: 10.1093/leobaeck/41.1.263     Document Type: Review

References (46)

1. 'Gershom Scholem, 'Against the Myth of the German-Jewish Dialogue', in idem, On Jews and Judaism in Crisis. Selected Essays, ed. by Werner J. Dannhauser, New York 1976, pp. 61-63
2. Leon Pinsker, 'Auto-Emancipation. An Appeal to his People by a Russian Jew' (1882), in Arthur Hertzberg (ed.), The Zionist Idea. A Historical Analysis and Reader, Garden City, NY 1959, pp. 182-198.
3. Ahad Ha'am, 'Slavery in Freedom', in Leon Simon (ed.), Selected Essays of Ahad Ha-Am, New York-Philadelphia 1962, pp. 171-194.
4. Jakob Klatzkin, Probleme des modernen Judentums, Berlin 1918, pp. 182-183.
5. This axiom is still supported in some quarters. See David Vital, Zionism. The Formative Years, Oxford 1982, p. v.
6. See, for example, Alfred Marcus, Die wirtschaftliche Krise des deutschen Juden. Eine soziologische Untersuchung, Berlin 1931
7. Felix Theilhaber, Der Untergang der deutschen Juden. Eine volkswirtschqftliche Studie, 2nd edn., Berlin 1921
8. Jakob Wassermann, My Life as German and Jew (1922), transl. by S.N. Brainin, New York 1933. Recent research seems to add strength to opinion on the economic crisis of German Jewry.
9. See Avraham Barkai, 'Die Juden als sozio-okonomische Minderheitsgruppe in der Weimarer Republik', in Walter Grab and Julius H. Schoeps (eds.), Juden in der Weimarer Republik, Stuttgart-Bonn 1986, pp. 331-346.
10. The following studies concentrate to a large extent on German attitudes (which in many cases were antisemitic), but not on German antisemitism per se; see Hans Liebeschiitz, Dasjudentum im deutschen Geschichtsbild von Hegel bis Max Weber, Tubingen 1967 (Schriftenreihe wissenschaftlicher Abhandlungen des Leo Baeck Instituts 17)
11. Alfred D. Low, Jews in the Eyes of the Germans from the Enlightenment to Imperial Germany, Philadelphia 1979
12. Walter Grab (ed.), Gegenseitige Einfliisse deutscher und judischer Kultur. Von der Epoche der Aufkldrung bis zur Weimarer Republik, Tel Aviv 1982 (Jahrbuch des Instituts fur deutsche Geschichte, Beiheft 4)
13. Frederic V. Grunfeld, Prophets without Honour. A Background to Freud, Kafka, Einstein and their World, New York-Philadelphia 1979
14. Jehuda Reinharz and Walter Schatzberg (eds.), The Jewish Response to German Culture. From the Enlightenment to the Second World War, Hanover-London 1985, esp. the articles by Jacob Katz and Nathan Rotenstreich. Among the dozens of articles on the theme published by the LBI Year Book
15. see Reinhard Riirup, 'German Liberalism and the Emancipation of the Jews', in LBI Year Book XX (1975), pp. 59-68
16. idem, 'Emancipation and Crisis. The "Jewish Question" in Germany 1850-1890', ibid., pp. 13-25
17. Peter Pulzer, 'Why was there ajewish Question in Imperial Germany?', in LBI Year Book XXV (1980), pp. 133-146
18. Toni Oelsner, 'The Place of the Jews in Economic History as viewed by German Scholars', in LBI Year Book VII (1962), pp. 183-212
19. Paul R. Mendes-Flohr, 'Werner Sombart's: The Jews and Modern Capitalism. An Analysis of its Ideological Premises', in LBI Year Book XXI (1976), pp. 87-107
20. Werner E. Mosse, Judaism, Jews and Capitalism. Weber, Sombart and Beyond', in LBI Year Book XXIV (1979), pp. 3-15.
21. See also Arnold M. Eisen, 'Nietzsche and the Jews Reconsidered', in Jewish Social Studies, 48 (1986), pp. 1-15.
22. For sources from the late nineteenth century, see Carl Ed. Klopfer (ed.), Zur "Judenfrage". Zeitgenossische Original-Ausspriiche, Munchen 1891
23. Hermann Bahr, Der Antisemitismus. Ein internationales Interview (1894), ed. by Hermann Greive, Konigstein 1979; this book also contains anti-antisemitic opinions.
24. See Jacob Toury, Die politischen Orientierungen derjuden in Deutschland. Von Jena bis Weimar, Tubingen 1966 (Schriftenreihe wissenschaftlicher Abhandlungen des Leo Baeck Instituts 15), pp. 202-212.
25. On the relationship between the Abwehrverein and the Left-Liberals in Austria and Germany, see Jacques Kornberg, 'Vienna in the 1890s. The Austrian Opposition to Antisemitism. The Verein zur Abwehr des Antisemitismus', in this volume, pp. 161-196 -(Ed.).
26. This theme is convincingly analysed by Barbara Suchy in 'The Verein zur Abwehr des Antisemitismus (I) -From its Beginnings to the First World War', in LBI Year Book XXVIII (1983), pp. 205-239.
27. Bahr, Der Antisemitismus, op. cit., p. 27
28. Theodor Mommsen, 'Another Word About Our Jewry', quoted from Paul R. Mendes-F lohr and Jehuda Reinharz (eds.), The Jew in the Modern World. A Documentary History, New York-Oxford 1980, p. 287.
29. See Phillis Cohen Albert, 'Ethnicity and Jewish Solidarity in Nineteenth-Century France', in Jehuda Reinharz and Daniel Swetschinski with Kalman P. Bland (eds.), Mystics, Philosophers and Politicians. Essays in Jewish Intellectual History in Honor of Alexander Altmann, Durham, NC 1982, pp. 249-274
30. Jay R. Berkovitz, The Shaping of Jewish Identity in Nineteenth-Century France, Detroit
31. See Arthur Hertzberg, The French Enlightenment and the Jews, New York 1968, pp. 358-361.
32. Fritz Stern, 'The Burden of Success. Reflections on German Jewry', in idem, Dreams and Delusions. The Drama of German History, New York 1987, p. 102
33. Arnold Paucker, 'Zur Problematik einer jiidischen Abwehrstrategie in der deutschen Gesellschaft', in Juden im Wilhelminischen Deutschland 1890-1914. Ein Sammelband herausgegeben von Werner
34. E. Mosse unter Mitwirkung von Arnold Paucker, Tubingen 1976 (Schriftenreihe wissenschaftlicher Abhandlungen des Leo Baeck Instituts 33), p. 529, note 137.
35. This matter has been lucidly explained by Ben Halpern, see his article 'America is Different', in The American Jew. A Zionist Analysis, New York 1956, pp. 11-33.
36. This topic is convincingly developed by Milton M. Gordon, Assimilation in American Life. The Role of Race, Religion and National Origins, New York 1964, chaps. 4-6.
37. Evyatar Friesel, 'The Influence of American Zionism on the American Jewish Community, 1900-1950', in American Jewish History, 75 (1985), pp. 130-148.
38. Stern, 'The Burden of Success', loc. cit., p. 99.
39. Ismar Schorsch, Jewish Reactions to German Anti-Semitism, 1870-1914, New York-London 1972, p. v.
40. Jehuda Reinharz, Fatherland or Promised Land. The Dilemma of the German Jew, 1893-1914, Ann Arbor 1975
41. Michael A. Meyer, Response to Modernity. A History of the Reform Movement in Judaism, New York-Oxford 1988.
42. See, in particular, David Sorkin, 'The Impact of Emancipation on German Jewry. A Reconsideration', in Jonathan Frankel and Steven J. Zipperstein (eds.), Assimilation and Community. The Jews in Nineteenth-Century Europe, Cambridge 1992, pp. 177-198
43. see also idem, 'Emancipation and Assimilation. Two Concepts and their Application to German-Jewish History', in LBI Year Book XXXV (1990), pp. 17-33
44. Michael Brenner, 'The Judische Volkspartei. National-Jewish Communal Politics during the Weimar Republic', ibid., pp. 219-243. I have come to realise that previous work I have done on German-Jewish history tends somewhat towards the revisionist direction.
45. Salo Wittmayer Baron, 'World Dimensions of Jewish History', in idem, History and Jewish Historians. Essays and Addresses, ed. by Arthur Hertzberg and Leon A. Feldman, Philadelphia 1964, pp. 23-42.
46. Mendes-Flohr and Reinharz (eds.), The Jew in the Modern World, op. cit., pp. 271, 281