How to behave sensitively: Prescriptions for interracial conduct from the 1960s to the 1990s

Journal of Social History

Volumn 33, Issue 2, 1999, Pages 409-427

  Lasch Quinn, Elisabeth ^a  

^a One Woodrow Wilson Plaza ^*  (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 0040716093     PISSN: 00224529     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1353/jsh.1999.0064     Document Type: Article

References (56)

1. "Six Degrees of Separation," directed by Fred Schepisi. 111 minutes. 1993. This is an adaptation by John Guare of his play of the same title.
2. Bertram Wilbur Doyle, The Etiquette of Race Relations in the South: A Study in Social Control (Rpt. 1937; Port Washington, New York, 1968); I. A. Newby, Jim Crow's Defense: Anti-Negro Thought in America, 1900-1930 (Baton Rouge, 1965); Jacquelyn Dowd Hall, The Revolt Against Chivalry: Jessie Daniel Ames and the Women's Campaign Against Lynching (New York, 1979); W. J. Cash, The Mind of the South (New York, 1941); C Vann Woodward, The Strange Career of Jim Crow (Rpt. 1974; New York, 1989); and Glenda Elizabeth Gilmore, Gender and Jim Crow: Women and the Politics of White Supremacy in North Carolina, 1896-1920 (Chapel Hill, 1996).
3. Bertram Wilbur Doyle, The Etiquette of Race Relations in the South: A Study in Social Control (Rpt. 1937; Port Washington, New York, 1968); I. A. Newby, Jim Crow's Defense: Anti-Negro Thought in America, 1900-1930 (Baton Rouge, 1965); Jacquelyn Dowd Hall, The Revolt Against Chivalry: Jessie Daniel Ames and the Women's Campaign Against Lynching (New York, 1979); W. J. Cash, The Mind of the South (New York, 1941); C Vann Woodward, The Strange Career of Jim Crow (Rpt. 1974; New York, 1989); and Glenda Elizabeth Gilmore, Gender and Jim Crow: Women and the Politics of White Supremacy in North Carolina, 1896-1920 (Chapel Hill, 1996).
4. Bertram Wilbur Doyle, The Etiquette of Race Relations in the South: A Study in Social Control (Rpt. 1937; Port Washington, New York, 1968); I. A. Newby, Jim Crow's Defense: Anti-Negro Thought in America, 1900-1930 (Baton Rouge, 1965); Jacquelyn Dowd Hall, The Revolt Against Chivalry: Jessie Daniel Ames and the Women's Campaign Against Lynching (New York, 1979); W. J. Cash, The Mind of the South (New York, 1941); C Vann Woodward, The Strange Career of Jim Crow (Rpt. 1974; New York, 1989); and Glenda Elizabeth Gilmore, Gender and Jim Crow: Women and the Politics of White Supremacy in North Carolina, 1896-1920 (Chapel Hill, 1996).
5. Bertram Wilbur Doyle, The Etiquette of Race Relations in the South: A Study in Social Control (Rpt. 1937; Port Washington, New York, 1968); I. A. Newby, Jim Crow's Defense: Anti-Negro Thought in America, 1900-1930 (Baton Rouge, 1965); Jacquelyn Dowd Hall, The Revolt Against Chivalry: Jessie Daniel Ames and the Women's Campaign Against Lynching (New York, 1979); W. J. Cash, The Mind of the South (New York, 1941); C Vann Woodward, The Strange Career of Jim Crow (Rpt. 1974; New York, 1989); and Glenda Elizabeth Gilmore, Gender and Jim Crow: Women and the Politics of White Supremacy in North Carolina, 1896-1920 (Chapel Hill, 1996).
6. Bertram Wilbur Doyle, The Etiquette of Race Relations in the South: A Study in Social Control (Rpt. 1937; Port Washington, New York, 1968); I. A. Newby, Jim Crow's Defense: Anti-Negro Thought in America, 1900-1930 (Baton Rouge, 1965); Jacquelyn Dowd Hall, The Revolt Against Chivalry: Jessie Daniel Ames and the Women's Campaign Against Lynching (New York, 1979); W. J. Cash, The Mind of the South (New York, 1941); C Vann Woodward, The Strange Career of Jim Crow (Rpt. 1974; New York, 1989); and Glenda Elizabeth Gilmore, Gender and Jim Crow: Women and the Politics of White Supremacy in North Carolina, 1896-1920 (Chapel Hill, 1996).
7. Bertram Wilbur Doyle, The Etiquette of Race Relations in the South: A Study in Social Control (Rpt. 1937; Port Washington, New York, 1968); I. A. Newby, Jim Crow's Defense: Anti-Negro Thought in America, 1900-1930 (Baton Rouge, 1965); Jacquelyn Dowd Hall, The Revolt Against Chivalry: Jessie Daniel Ames and the Women's Campaign Against Lynching (New York, 1979); W. J. Cash, The Mind of the South (New York, 1941); C Vann Woodward, The Strange Career of Jim Crow (Rpt. 1974; New York, 1989); and Glenda Elizabeth Gilmore, Gender and Jim Crow: Women and the Politics of White Supremacy in North Carolina, 1896-1920 (Chapel Hill, 1996).
8. "Guess Who's Coming to Dinner," directed by Stanley Kramer. 108 minutes. 1967. The story and screenplay were written by William Rose.
9. Tom Wolfe, Radical Chic and Mau-mauing the Flak Catchers (New York, 1970), 9. "Radical Chic" originally appeared in New York magazine in June of 1970 in different form.
10. Norman Mailer, "The White Negro: Superficial Reflections on the Hipster," originally published in Dissent in 1957, in Ann Charles, ed., The Portable Beat Reader (New York, 1992), 600.
11. Wolfe, Radical Chic, 32-33.
12. Bill Cosby, Foreword to Sheila Rush and Chris Clark, How to Get Along with Black People: A Handbook for White Folks, And Some Black Folks Too (New York, 1971), 6.
13. Rush and Clark, How to Get Along with Black People, 52.
14. Rush and Clark, How to Get Along With Black People, 48-49.
15. Rush and Clark, How to Get Along With Black People, 53.
16. Rush and Clark, How to Get Along with Black People, 11-30.
17. Amoja Three-Rivers, "Cultural Etiquette: A Guide," excerpted in Ms. Magazine, v. 2 (Sept./Oct. 1991): 42-3.
18. Amoja Three-Rivers, Cultural Etiquette: A Guide for the Well-Intentioned (Distributed by Market Wimmin, Indian Valley, VA, 1990), 7. This is an interesting contrast to the scene in "Guess Who's Coming To Dinner" when Poitier points out to Tracy that blacks might seem to dance better than whites for cultural reasons; "they are dancing our dances," he laughs. "Guess Who's Coming to Dinner?"
19. Three-Rivers, Cultural Etiquette, 18.
20. Three-Rivers, Cultural Etiquette, 7.
21. Three-Rivers, Cultural Etiquette, 16-17.
22. Karla F. C. Holloway, Codes of Conduct: Race, Ethics, and the Color of Our Character (New Brunswick, NJ, 1995), 69.
23. Holloway, Codes of Conduct, 76.
24. Holloway, Codes of Conduct, 80.
25. Holloway, Codes of Conduct, 31-34.
26. bell hooks quoted in Holloway, Codes of Conduct, 35. The quote is from bell hooks, Black Looks: Race and Representation (Boston, 1992), 79-82.
27. bell hooks quoted in Holloway, Codes of Conduct, 35. The quote is from bell hooks, Black Looks: Race and Representation (Boston, 1992), 79-82.
28. Holloway, Codes of Conduct, pp. 30-31. Holloway quotes Lorene Cary who wrote in Black Ice of her mother's "turning it out": "I always saw it coming. Some white department-store manager would look at my mother and see no more than a modestly dressed young black woman making a tiresome complaint. He'd use that tone of voice they used when they had important work elsewhere. Uh-oh. Then he'd dismiss her with his yes. I'd feel her body stiffen next to me, and I'd know that he'd set her off. . . . And then it began in earnest, the turning out. She never moved back. It didn't matter how many people were in line. It didn't matter how many telephones were ringing. . . . Sometimes she'd talk through her teeth, her lips moving double time to bite out the consonants. Then she'd get personal. . . . " (From Lorene Cary, Black Ice [New York, 1991], 58-59.)
29. Holloway, Codes of Conduct, pp. 30-31. Holloway quotes Lorene Cary who wrote in Black Ice of her mother's "turning it out": "I always saw it coming. Some white department-store manager would look at my mother and see no more than a modestly dressed young black woman making a tiresome complaint. He'd use that tone of voice they used when they had important work elsewhere. Uh-oh. Then he'd dismiss her with his yes. I'd feel her body stiffen next to me, and I'd know that he'd set her off. . . . And then it began in earnest, the turning out. She never moved back. It didn't matter how many people were in line. It didn't matter how many telephones were ringing. . . . Sometimes she'd talk through her teeth, her lips moving double time to bite out the consonants. Then she'd get personal. . . . " (From Lorene Cary, Black Ice [New York, 1991], 58-59.)
30. Frederick R. Lynch, The Diversity Machine: The Drive to Change the "White Male Workplace" (New York, 1997), 7-10.
31. "Managing Diversity." Video. (1990). CRM FILMS. Directed by Denise Dexter, written by Larry Tuch, and produced by Melanie Mihal. Narrated by Brock Peters.
32. "Managing Diversity." Video. (1990.)
33. "Managing Diversity." Video. (1990.)
34. "Managing Diversity." Video. (1990.)
35. Stuart Ewen, Captains of Consciousness: Advertising and the Social Roots of the Consumer Culture (New York, 1977).
36. "Managing Diversity." Video. (1990.)
37. Lewis Brown Griggs and Lente-Louise Louw, eds., Valuing Diversity: New Tools for a New Reality (New York, 1995), 81. Quotes are from Chapter Four, "Diversity Issues in the Workplace," written by Frances E. Kendall.
38. Griggs and Louw, 81.
39. Griggs and Louw, Valuing Diversity, 82.
40. Floyd Dickens, Jr. and Jacqueline B. Dickens, The Black Manager: Making It in the Corporate World, revised ed. (New York, 1991), 293-295.
41. Dickens and Dickens, The Black Manager, 294.
42. For a brief introduction to this vast debate and its general tenor, see "The Civility Wars," Utne Reader (March-April 1997): 15-16.
43. Judith Martin, Miss Manners Rescues Civilization from Sexual Harassment, Frivolous Lawsuits, Dissing and Other Lapses in Civility (New York, 1996), 1-3, 6.
44. Stephen L. Carter, Civility: Manners, Morals, and the Etiquette of Democracy (New York, 1998), 10-11.
45. Rochelle Gurstein, "The Tender Democrat," The New Republic (October 5, 1998): 44-45. This discussion is further indebted to Gurstein's helpful elaboration of this connection in her letter to the author, November 15, 1997.
46. Norbert Elias, The Civilizing Process, vol. I: The History of Manners (New York, 1978).
47. John F. Kasson, Rudeness and Civility: Manners in Nineteenth-Century Urban America (New York, 1990).
48. John H. Young, Our Deportment, or the Manners, Conduct and Dress of the Most Refined Society. . . . (1879; rev. ed. Detroit, 1884), quoted in Kasson, Rudeness and Civility, 203.
49. Cas Wouters, "Etiquette Books and Emotion Management in the Twentieth Century: Part One - The Integration of Social Classes," Journal of Social History, 29, 1 (Fall 1995): 107-124; Cas Wouters, "Etiquette Books and Emotion Management in the Twentieth Century: Part Two - The Integration of the Sexes," Journal of Social History 29, 2 (Winter 1995): 325-339; and Wouters, "On Status Competition and Emotion Management," Journal of Social History 24, 4 (Summer 1991): 699-717.
50. Cas Wouters, "Etiquette Books and Emotion Management in the Twentieth Century: Part One - The Integration of Social Classes," Journal of Social History, 29, 1 (Fall 1995): 107-124; Cas Wouters, "Etiquette Books and Emotion Management in the Twentieth Century: Part Two - The Integration of the Sexes," Journal of Social History 29, 2 (Winter 1995): 325-339; and Wouters, "On Status Competition and Emotion Management," Journal of Social History 24, 4 (Summer 1991): 699-717.
51. Cas Wouters, "Etiquette Books and Emotion Management in the Twentieth Century: Part One - The Integration of Social Classes," Journal of Social History, 29, 1 (Fall 1995): 107-124; Cas Wouters, "Etiquette Books and Emotion Management in the Twentieth Century: Part Two - The Integration of the Sexes," Journal of Social History 29, 2 (Winter 1995): 325-339; and Wouters, "On Status Competition and Emotion Management," Journal of Social History 24, 4 (Summer 1991): 699-717.
52. Kasson, Rudeness and Civility, 260.
53. Carol Zisowitz Stearns and Peter N. Stearns, Anger: The Struggle for Emotional Control in America's History (Chicago, 1986), 157.
54. Arlie Hochschild, The Managed Heart: Commercialization of Human Feeling (Berkeley, CA, 1985), 6.
55. Norine Dresser, Multicultural Manners: New Rules of Etiquette for a Changing Society (New York, 1996), 4.
56. For another example, in Captains of Consciousness and his other work, Stuart Ewen has astutely depicted the role of advertising in mobilizing the anxiety about social life that underpins consumerism's ability to perpetuate itself.