Reading in two languages at year five in African primary schools

Applied Linguistics

Volumn 17, Issue 2, 1996, Pages 178-208

  Williams, Eddie ^a  

^a NONE

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 0040653889     PISSN: 01426001     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1093/applin/17.2.182     Document Type: Article

References (71)

1. Akinnaso, F. N. 1994. 'Linguistic unification and language rights.' Applied Linguistics 15/2: 139-68.
2. Alderson, J. C. 1979. 'The cloze procedure and proficiency in English as a second language.' TESOL Quarterly 13: 219-27.
3. Alderson, J. C. 1984. 'Reading in a foreign language: A reading problem or a language problem?' in J. C. Alderson and A. H. Urquhart (eds.) 1984: Reading in a Foreign Language. London: Longman.
4. Alderson, J. C. and A. H. Urquhart. 1988. 'This test is unfair: I'm not an economist' in P. L. Carrell, J. Devine, and D. E. Eskey (eds.) 1988.
5. Anderson, R. C. and D. P. Pearson. 1988. 'A schema-theoretic view of basic processes in reading comprehension' in P. L. Carrell, J. Devine, and D. E. Eskey (eds.) 1988.
6. Beech, J. and A. Colley. 1987. Cognitive Approaches to Reading. Chichester: John Wiley and Sons.
7. Bernhardt, E.B. 1991. Reading Development in a Second Language: Theoretical, Empirical and Classroom Perspectives. Norwood, NJ: Ablex Publishing.
8. Bernhardt, E. B. and M. L. Kamil. 1995. 'Interpreting relationships between L1 and L2 reading: Consolidating the linguistic threshold and linguistic interdependence hypotheses. Applied Linguistics 16/1: 15-34.
9. Bialystok, E. 1994. 'Review article: P. B. Gough, L. C. Ehri, and R. Trieman (eds.) 1992. Reading Acquisition.' Applied Linguistics 15/2: 224-5.
10. Carr, T. H. and B. A. Levy. 1990. Reading and its Development: Component Skills and Approaches. New York: Academic Press.
11. Carrell, P. L. 1991. 'Second language reading: Reading ability or language proficiency?' Applied Linguistics 12/2: 159-79.
12. Carrell, P.L., J. Devine, and D.E. Eskey. (eds.). 1988. Interactive Approaches to Second Language Reading. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
13. Carter, R. 1988. 'Vocabulary, cloze and discourse' in R. Carter and M. McCarthy (eds.) 1988: Vocabulary and Language Teaching. London: Longman.
14. Chapelle, C. C. and R. G. Abrahams. 1990. 'Cloze method: What difference does it make?' Language Testing 7/2: 121-46.
15. Chidumayo, S., I. Fagerlind, A. Idemalm, C. McNab, and B. Mweene. 1989. Supporting Zambian Education in Times of Economic Adversity. Education Division Documents, 44. Stockholm: SIDA.
16. Chikalanga, I. W. 1990. Inferencing in the Reading Process. Unpublished PhD thesis, University of Reading.
17. Chimombo, M. (forthcoming) Readability Report. Mimeo, Chancellor College, University of Malawi.
18. Cummins, J. 1979. 'Cognitive/academic language proficiency, linguistic interdependence, the optimum age question, and some other matters.' Working Papers on Bilingualism, 19, 97-205.
19. Cummins, J. and M. Swain. 1986. Bilingualism in Education. London: Longman.
20. English in Malawi: Books 1-8. 1965-1968. Blantyre, Malawi: Dzuka Publishing/ Longman Malawi.
21. Eskey, D. 1988. 'Holding in the bottom: An interactive approach to the problems of second language readers' in P. L. Carrell, J. Devine, and D. E. Eskey (eds.) 1988.
22. Godfrey Thompson Unit. 1986. Word Search. London: Hodder and Stoughton.
23. Goodman, K. S. 1967. 'Reading: A psycholinguistic guessing game.' Journal of the Reading Specialist 6/1: 26-35.
24. Gough, P. B. and W. E. Tunmer. 1986. 'Decoding, reading and reading disability.' Remedial and Special Education 7: 6-10.
25. Grabe, W. 1988. 'Current Developments in Second Language Reading Research' in P. L. Carrell, J. Devine, and D. E. Eskey (eds). 1988.
26. Grimes, B. F. (ed.) 1992. Ethnologue: Languages of the World. Dallas SIL.
27. Hoover, W. A. and W. E. Tunmer. 1993. 'The components of reading' in G. B. Thompson, W. E. Tunmer, and T. Nicholson (eds.) 1993: Reading Acquisition Processes. Clevedon: Multilingual Matters.
28. Hoppers, W. H. M. L. 1981. Education in a Rural Society. The Hague: Centre for the Study of Education in Developing Countries.
29. Hudelson, S. (ed.) 1981. Learning to Read in Different Languages. Washington, DC: Center for Applied Linguistics.
30. Hulstijn, J. H. and J. F. Matter, (eds.) 1991. Reading in Two Languages. Amsterdam: AILA Review 8.
31. Kachru, B. B. 1992. 'World Englishes.' Language Teaching 25/1: 1-14.
32. Kamil, M. L., J. A. Langer, and T. Shanahan. 1991. Understanding Research in Reading and Writing. Boston: Allyn and Bacon.
33. Kashoki, M. E. 1978a. 'The language situation in Zambia' in S. Ohannessian and M. E. Kashoki (eds.) 1978: Language in Zambia. London: International African Institute.
34. Kashoki, M. E. 1978b. 'Between language communication in Zambia' in S. Ohannessian and M. E. Kashoki (eds.) 1978: Language in Zambia. London: International African Institute.
35. Kashoki, M. E. 1990. The Factor of Language in Zambia. Lusaka: Kenneth Kaunda Foundation.
36. Kendall, J. R., G. Lajeunesse, P. Chmilar, L. R. Shapson, and S. M. Shapson. 1987. 'English reading skills of French immersion students in kindergarten and grades 1 and 2.' Reading Research Quarterly 22: 135-59.
37. Kishindo, P. J. 1990. 'An historical survey of spontaneous and planned development of Chichewa' in Language Reform: History and Future, Vol V. I. Fodor and C. Hagege (eds.) 1990: Hamburg: Helmut Buske Verlag.
38. McCarthy, M. 1991. Discourse Analysis for Language Teachers. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
39. McCafferty, J. and D. Williams. 1991. 'Women's literacy: A report on women's literacy in the context of development.' London: Overseas Development Adminstration.
40. Mchazime, H. S. 1989. 'The Teaching of Reading: Developing a Perspective for Teacher Training in Southern Africa.' Unpublished BPhil dissertation, Birmingham University.
41. Ministry of Education, Malawi. 1991. Education Statistics. Lilongwe: Ministry of Education.
42. Ministry of Education, Zambia. 1992. Focus on Learning. Lusaka: Ministry of Education.
43. Mwanakatwe, J. M. 1968. The Growth of Education in Zambia since Independence. Lusaka: Oxford University Press.
44. New Zambia Primary Course. English Language. 1968-1971. Lusaka: Ministry of Education.
45. Oller, J. and J. Jonz. (eds.) 1994. Cloze and Coherence. London: Bucknell University Press.
46. Pearson, B. Z., S. C. Fernandez, and D. Kimbrough Oller. 1993. 'Lexical development in bilingual infants and toddlers: Comparison to monolingual norms' Language Learning 43/1: 93-120.
47. Pennycook, A. 1994. 'The Cultural Politics of English as an International Language. London: Longman.
48. Perfetti, C. A. 1985. Reading Ability. New York: Oxford University Press.
49. Phillipson, R. 1992. Linguistic Imperialism. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
50. Roller, C. M. 1988. 'Transfer of cognitive academic competence and L2 reading in a rural Zimbabwean primary school.' TESOL Quarterly 22: 303-28.
51. Sarvi, J., G. Hamaimbo, and S. Kunda. 1992. 'Impact of Zambia Basic Education Course Textbooks in Science, Mathematics and English at Grade 8 Level in Basic and Secondary Schools of Zambia.' Lusaka: Curriculum Development Centre.
52. SAS Institute Inc. 1985. SAS User's Guide. Cary, NC: SAS Institute Inc.
53. Schmied, J. 1991. English in Africa. London: Longman.
54. Segalowitz, N., C. Poulsen, and M. Komoda. 1991. 'Lower level components of reading skill in higher level bilinguals: Implications for reading instruction' in J. H. Hulstijn and J. F. Matter (eds.) 1991: Reading in Two Languages. Amsterdam: AILA Review 8.
55. Sèrpell, R. 1978. 'Some Developments in Zambia since 1971' in S. Ohannessian and M. E. Kashoki (eds.) 1978. Language in Zambia. London: International African Institute.
56. Shanahan, T. and M. Kamil. 1983. 'A further comparison of sensitivity of cloze and recall to passage organization' in J. A. Niles and L. A. Harris (eds.) 1983: Searches for Meaning in Reading-Language Processing and Instruction: Thirty Second Yearbook of the National Reading Conference. Chicago: National Reading Conference.
57. Sharma, R. 1973. The Reading Skills of Grade 3 Children. (mimeo) Psychological Service Report 2/1973. Ministry of Education, Lusaka.
58. Shohamy, E. 1982. 'Affective considerations in language testing.' Modern Language Journal 66: 13-17.
59. Sichinga, W. K. 1994. Language Statistics in Malawi. Office of Statistics, Zomba: unpublished mimeo.
60. Skutnabb-Kangas, T. 1981. Bilingualism or Not: The Education of Minorities. Clevedon: Multilingual Matters.
61. Stanovich, K. E. 1980. 'Towards an interactive compensatory model of individual differences in the development of reading fluency.' Reading Research Quarterly 16/1: 32-71.
62. Steffensen, M. S. and C. Joag Dev. 1984. 'Cultural knowledge and reading' in J. C. Alderson and A. H. Urquhart (eds.) 1984. Reading in a Foreign Language. London: Longman.
63. Street, B. V. 1993. 'Introduction: The new literacy studies' in B. V. Street (ed.) Cross-cultural Approaches to Literacy. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
64. Swain, M. K. 1972. Bilingualism as a First Language. Unpublished PhD dissertation, University of Iowa, Irvine.
65. Tollefson, J. W. 1991. Planning Language, Planning Inequality. London: Longman.
66. van Dijk, T. A. and W. Kintsch. 1983. Strategies of Discourse Comprehension. New York: Academic Press.
67. Verhoeven, L. 1991. 'Acquisition of biliteracy' in J. H. Hulstijn and J. F. Matter (eds.) 1991: Reading in Two Languages. Amsterdam: AILA Review 8.
68. Wallace, C. 1988. Learning to Read in a Multicultural Society: The Social Context of Second Language Literacy. New York: Prentice Hall.
69. Werenga Cinyanja, Geredi 1-5. 1988-1992. Lusaka: Zambia Educational Publishing House.
70. Williams, E. 1993a. Report on Reading in English in Primary Schools in Malawi. (Education Research Report, Serial Number 4). London: Overseas Development Administration.
71. Williams, E. 1993b. Report on Reading in English in Primary Schools in Zambia. (Education Research Report, Serial Number 5). London: Overseas Development Administration.