Information technology and intelligence reform

Orbis

Volumn 41, Issue 1, 1997, Pages 107-118

  Berkowitz, Bruce D ^a  

^a NONE

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 0040653493     PISSN: 00304387     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0030-4387(97)90094-6     Document Type: Article

References (4)

1. For a discussion of some of the published studies, see Berkowitz Bruce D. Reform of the Intelligence Community. Orbis. Fall 1996;654-663.
2. See Commission on Roles and Capabilities of the United States Intelligence Community. Preparing for the 21st Century: An Appraisal of U.S. Intelligence. 1996;Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C.
3. Smith R. Jeffrey. Making Connections with Dots to Decipher U.S. Spy Spending. See also Washington Post. Mar. 12, 1996; The commission's report contained a graph (p. 132) that depicted the budget and personnel levels of each agency within the national intelligence community - including the Intelligence Community Management Staff and Defense Mapping Agency, whose budgets and personnel levels are unclassified. By extrapolating (i.e., using their rulers), reporters claimed to estimate the spending and personnel levels of the CIA, NRO, National Security Agency, and national intelligence programs within the Defense Department. The report also included a graph (p. 131) that compared annual changes in total U.S. intelligence spending with changes in U.S. defense spending. Since defense spending is unclassified, the press reported that it was possible to estimate trends in intelligence spending as well.
4. Berkowitz Bruce D., Goodman Allan E. Strategic Intelligence For American National Security. 1989;61 Princeton University Press, Princeton, N.J.