Democrats' 1916 Tariff Commission: Responding to dumping fears and illustrating the consumer costs of protectionism

Business History Review

Volumn 72, Issue 1, 1998, Pages 1-45

  Schnietz, Karen ^a  

^a NONE

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EID: 0040633742     PISSN: 00076805     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2307/3116594     Document Type: Article

References (226)

1. U.S. Statutes at Large, Ch. 463, 64th Congress, 1st sess., 796 (Public Law 271, 8 Sept. 1916) The creation of the Tariff Commission also marks the beginning of ever-greater delegations of congressional authority over trade policy to other political actors and institutions. The Commission is still a prominent part of the U.S. trade bureaucracy, although it is now the United States International Trade Commission.
2. Robert D. Cuff, "Creating Control Systems: Edwin F. Gay and the Central Bureau of Planning and Statistics, 1917-1919," Business History Review 63 (Autumn 1989): 588-613; Burton I. Kaufman, "The Organizational Dimension of U.S. Economic Foreign Policy, 1900-1920," Business History Review 46 (Spring 1972): 17-44; Paul J. Miranti, Jr., "The Mind's Eye of Reform: The ICC's Bureau of Statistics and Accounts and a Vision of Regulation," Business History Review 63 (Autumn 1989): 469-509.
3. Robert D. Cuff, "Creating Control Systems: Edwin F. Gay and the Central Bureau of Planning and Statistics, 1917-1919," Business History Review 63 (Autumn 1989): 588-613; Burton I. Kaufman, "The Organizational Dimension of U.S. Economic Foreign Policy, 1900-1920," Business History Review 46 (Spring 1972): 17-44; Paul J. Miranti, Jr., "The Mind's Eye of Reform: The ICC's Bureau of Statistics and Accounts and a Vision of Regulation," Business History Review 63 (Autumn 1989): 469-509.
4. Robert D. Cuff, "Creating Control Systems: Edwin F. Gay and the Central Bureau of Planning and Statistics, 1917-1919," Business History Review 63 (Autumn 1989): 588-613; Burton I. Kaufman, "The Organizational Dimension of U.S. Economic Foreign Policy, 1900-1920," Business History Review 46 (Spring 1972): 17-44; Paul J. Miranti, Jr., "The Mind's Eye of Reform: The ICC's Bureau of Statistics and Accounts and a Vision of Regulation," Business History Review 63 (Autumn 1989): 469-509.
5. William J. Breen, "Foundations, Statistics, and State-Building: Leonard P. Ayres, the Russell Sage Foundation and U.S. Government Statistics in the First World War," Business History Review 68 (Winter 1994): 451-482; Donald T. Critchlow, The Brookings Institution, 1916-1952: Expertise and the Public Interest in a Democratic Society (DeKalb, Ill. 1985); Donald T. Critchlow, "Think Tanks, Antistatism, and Democracy: The Nonpartisan Ideal and Policy Research in the US, 1913-1987," in Michael J. Lacey and Mary O. Furner, eds., The State and Social Investigation in Britain and the United States (Washington, D.C., 1993); David C. Hammack and Stanton Wheeler, Social Science in the Making: Essays on the Russell Sage Foundation, 1907-1972 (New York, 1994); Ellis Hawley, "The Discovery and Study of a 'Corporate Liberalism,"' Business History Renew 52 (Autumn 1978): 309-319; James Allen Smith, The Idea Brokers: Think Tanks and the New Policy Elite (New York, 1991).
6. William J. Breen, "Foundations, Statistics, and State-Building: Leonard P. Ayres, the Russell Sage Foundation and U.S. Government Statistics in the First World War," Business History Review 68 (Winter 1994): 451-482; Donald T. Critchlow, The Brookings Institution, 1916-1952: Expertise and the Public Interest in a Democratic Society (DeKalb, Ill. 1985); Donald T. Critchlow, "Think Tanks, Antistatism, and Democracy: The Nonpartisan Ideal and Policy Research in the US, 1913-1987," in Michael J. Lacey and Mary O. Furner, eds., The State and Social Investigation in Britain and the United States (Washington, D.C., 1993); David C. Hammack and Stanton Wheeler, Social Science in the Making: Essays on the Russell Sage Foundation, 1907-1972 (New York, 1994); Ellis Hawley, "The Discovery and Study of a 'Corporate Liberalism,"' Business History Renew 52 (Autumn 1978): 309-319; James Allen Smith, The Idea Brokers: Think Tanks and the New Policy Elite (New York, 1991).
7. William J. Breen, "Foundations, Statistics, and State-Building: Leonard P. Ayres, the Russell Sage Foundation and U.S. Government Statistics in the First World War," Business History Review 68 (Winter 1994): 451-482; Donald T. Critchlow, The Brookings Institution, 1916-1952: Expertise and the Public Interest in a Democratic Society (DeKalb, Ill. 1985); Donald T. Critchlow, "Think Tanks, Antistatism, and Democracy: The Nonpartisan Ideal and Policy Research in the US, 1913-1987," in Michael J. Lacey and Mary O. Furner, eds., The State and Social Investigation in Britain and the United States (Washington, D.C., 1993); David C. Hammack and Stanton Wheeler, Social Science in the Making: Essays on the Russell Sage Foundation, 1907-1972 (New York, 1994); Ellis Hawley, "The Discovery and Study of a 'Corporate Liberalism,"' Business History Renew 52 (Autumn 1978): 309-319; James Allen Smith, The Idea Brokers: Think Tanks and the New Policy Elite (New York, 1991).
8. William J. Breen, "Foundations, Statistics, and State-Building: Leonard P. Ayres, the Russell Sage Foundation and U.S. Government Statistics in the First World War," Business History Review 68 (Winter 1994): 451-482; Donald T. Critchlow, The Brookings Institution, 1916-1952: Expertise and the Public Interest in a Democratic Society (DeKalb, Ill. 1985); Donald T. Critchlow, "Think Tanks, Antistatism, and Democracy: The Nonpartisan Ideal and Policy Research in the US, 1913-1987," in Michael J. Lacey and Mary O. Furner, eds., The State and Social Investigation in Britain and the United States (Washington, D.C., 1993); David C. Hammack and Stanton Wheeler, Social Science in the Making: Essays on the Russell Sage Foundation, 1907-1972 (New York, 1994); Ellis Hawley, "The Discovery and Study of a 'Corporate Liberalism,"' Business History Renew 52 (Autumn 1978): 309-319; James Allen Smith, The Idea Brokers: Think Tanks and the New Policy Elite (New York, 1991).
9. William J. Breen, "Foundations, Statistics, and State-Building: Leonard P. Ayres, the Russell Sage Foundation and U.S. Government Statistics in the First World War," Business History Review 68 (Winter 1994): 451-482; Donald T. Critchlow, The Brookings Institution, 1916-1952: Expertise and the Public Interest in a Democratic Society (DeKalb, Ill. 1985); Donald T. Critchlow, "Think Tanks, Antistatism, and Democracy: The Nonpartisan Ideal and Policy Research in the US, 1913-1987," in Michael J. Lacey and Mary O. Furner, eds., The State and Social Investigation in Britain and the United States (Washington, D.C., 1993); David C. Hammack and Stanton Wheeler, Social Science in the Making: Essays on the Russell Sage Foundation, 1907-1972 (New York, 1994); Ellis Hawley, "The Discovery and Study of a 'Corporate Liberalism,"' Business History Renew 52 (Autumn 1978): 309-319; James Allen Smith, The Idea Brokers: Think Tanks and the New Policy Elite (New York, 1991).
10. William J. Breen, "Foundations, Statistics, and State-Building: Leonard P. Ayres, the Russell Sage Foundation and U.S. Government Statistics in the First World War," Business History Review 68 (Winter 1994): 451-482; Donald T. Critchlow, The Brookings Institution, 1916-1952: Expertise and the Public Interest in a Democratic Society (DeKalb, Ill. 1985); Donald T. Critchlow, "Think Tanks, Antistatism, and Democracy: The Nonpartisan Ideal and Policy Research in the US, 1913-1987," in Michael J. Lacey and Mary O. Furner, eds., The State and Social Investigation in Britain and the United States (Washington, D.C., 1993); David C. Hammack and Stanton Wheeler, Social Science in the Making: Essays on the Russell Sage Foundation, 1907-1972 (New York, 1994); Ellis Hawley, "The Discovery and Study of a 'Corporate Liberalism,"' Business History Renew 52 (Autumn 1978): 309-319; James Allen Smith, The Idea Brokers: Think Tanks and the New Policy Elite (New York, 1991).
11. Richard Werking, "Bureaucrats, Businessmen, and Foreign Trade: The Origins of the U.S. Chamber of Commerce," Business History Review 52 (Autumn 1978): 321-341; Robert Wiebe, Businessmen and Reform: A Study of the Progressive Movement (Cambridge, Mass., 1962).
12. Richard Werking, "Bureaucrats, Businessmen, and Foreign Trade: The Origins of the U.S. Chamber of Commerce," Business History Review 52 (Autumn 1978): 321-341; Robert Wiebe, Businessmen and Reform: A Study of the Progressive Movement (Cambridge, Mass., 1962).
13. Robert L. Church, "Economists as Experts: The Rise of an Academic Profession in the U.S., 1870-1920," in The University in Society, vol. 2, ed. Lawrence Stone (Princeton, N.J., 1974), 571-609; Mary O. Furner, Advocacy & Objectivity: A Crisis in the Professionalization of American Social Science, 1865-1905 (Lexington, Ky., 1975); Talcott Parsons, "Social Science: A Basic National Resource," in Samuel Z. Klausner and Victor M. Lidz eds., The Nationalization of the Social Sciences (Philadelphia, 1986); John Recchiuti, "The Rand School of Social Science During the Progressive Era," Journal of the History of Behavioral Sciences 31 (1995): 149-161.
14. Robert L. Church, "Economists as Experts: The Rise of an Academic Profession in the U.S., 1870-1920," in The University in Society, vol. 2, ed. Lawrence Stone (Princeton, N.J., 1974), 571-609; Mary O. Furner, Advocacy & Objectivity: A Crisis in the Professionalization of American Social Science, 1865-1905 (Lexington, Ky., 1975); Talcott Parsons, "Social Science: A Basic National Resource," in Samuel Z. Klausner and Victor M. Lidz eds., The Nationalization of the Social Sciences (Philadelphia, 1986); John Recchiuti, "The Rand School of Social Science During the Progressive Era," Journal of the History of Behavioral Sciences 31 (1995): 149-161.
15. Robert L. Church, "Economists as Experts: The Rise of an Academic Profession in the U.S., 1870-1920," in The University in Society, vol. 2, ed. Lawrence Stone (Princeton, N.J., 1974), 571-609; Mary O. Furner, Advocacy & Objectivity: A Crisis in the Professionalization of American Social Science, 1865-1905 (Lexington, Ky., 1975); Talcott Parsons, "Social Science: A Basic National Resource," in Samuel Z. Klausner and Victor M. Lidz eds., The Nationalization of the Social Sciences (Philadelphia, 1986); John Recchiuti, "The Rand School of Social Science During the Progressive Era," Journal of the History of Behavioral Sciences 31 (1995): 149-161.
16. Robert L. Church, "Economists as Experts: The Rise of an Academic Profession in the U.S., 1870-1920," in The University in Society, vol. 2, ed. Lawrence Stone (Princeton, N.J., 1974), 571-609; Mary O. Furner, Advocacy & Objectivity: A Crisis in the Professionalization of American Social Science, 1865-1905 (Lexington, Ky., 1975); Talcott Parsons, "Social Science: A Basic National Resource," in Samuel Z. Klausner and Victor M. Lidz eds., The Nationalization of the Social Sciences (Philadelphia, 1986); John Recchiuti, "The Rand School of Social Science During the Progressive Era," Journal of the History of Behavioral Sciences 31 (1995): 149-161.
17. Samuel Haber, Efficiency and Uplift: Scientific Management in the Progressive Era, 1890-1920 (Chicago, 1964); Jerry Israel, "A Diplomatic Machine: Scientific Management in the Department of State, 1906-1924," in Jerry Israel, ed., Building the Organizational Society (New York, 1972); Morton Keller, Regulating a New Economy: Public Policy and Economic Change in America, 1900-1933 (Cambridge, Mass., 1990); Stephen Skowronek, Building a New American State: The Expansion of National Administrative Capacities 1877-1920 (New York, 1982).
18. Samuel Haber, Efficiency and Uplift: Scientific Management in the Progressive Era, 1890-1920 (Chicago, 1964); Jerry Israel, "A Diplomatic Machine: Scientific Management in the Department of State, 1906-1924," in Jerry Israel, ed., Building the Organizational Society (New York, 1972); Morton Keller, Regulating a New Economy: Public Policy and Economic Change in America, 1900-1933 (Cambridge, Mass., 1990); Stephen Skowronek, Building a New American State: The Expansion of National Administrative Capacities 1877-1920 (New York, 1982).
19. Samuel Haber, Efficiency and Uplift: Scientific Management in the Progressive Era, 1890-1920 (Chicago, 1964); Jerry Israel, "A Diplomatic Machine: Scientific Management in the Department of State, 1906-1924," in Jerry Israel, ed., Building the Organizational Society (New York, 1972); Morton Keller, Regulating a New Economy: Public Policy and Economic Change in America, 1900-1933 (Cambridge, Mass., 1990); Stephen Skowronek, Building a New American State: The Expansion of National Administrative Capacities 1877-1920 (New York, 1982).
20. Samuel Haber, Efficiency and Uplift: Scientific Management in the Progressive Era, 1890-1920 (Chicago, 1964); Jerry Israel, "A Diplomatic Machine: Scientific Management in the Department of State, 1906-1924," in Jerry Israel, ed., Building the Organizational Society (New York, 1972); Morton Keller, Regulating a New Economy: Public Policy and Economic Change in America, 1900-1933 (Cambridge, Mass., 1990); Stephen Skowronek, Building a New American State: The Expansion of National Administrative Capacities 1877-1920 (New York, 1982).
21. Marver Bernstein, Regulating Business by Independent Commission (Princeton, N.J., 1955); Robert Cushman, The Independent Regulatory Commissions (New York, 1941); Henry Friendly, The Federal Administrative Agencies (Cambridge, Mass., 1962); Louis Galambos and Joseph Pratt, The Rise of the Corporate Commonwealth: U.S. Business and Public Policy in the Twentieth Century (New York, 1988);
22. Marver Bernstein, Regulating Business by Independent Commission (Princeton, N.J., 1955); Robert Cushman, The Independent Regulatory Commissions (New York, 1941); Henry Friendly, The Federal Administrative Agencies (Cambridge, Mass., 1962); Louis Galambos and Joseph Pratt, The Rise of the Corporate Commonwealth: U.S. Business and Public Policy in the Twentieth Century (New York, 1988);
23. Marver Bernstein, Regulating Business by Independent Commission (Princeton, N.J., 1955); Robert Cushman, The Independent Regulatory Commissions (New York, 1941); Henry Friendly, The Federal Administrative Agencies (Cambridge, Mass., 1962); Louis Galambos and Joseph Pratt, The Rise of the Corporate Commonwealth: U.S. Business and Public Policy in the Twentieth Century (New York, 1988);
24. Marver Bernstein, Regulating Business by Independent Commission (Princeton, N.J., 1955); Robert Cushman, The Independent Regulatory Commissions (New York, 1941); Henry Friendly, The Federal Administrative Agencies (Cambridge, Mass., 1962); Louis Galambos and Joseph Pratt, The Rise of the Corporate Commonwealth: U.S. Business and Public Policy in the Twentieth Century (New York, 1988);
25. Samuel Hays, The Response to Industrialism, 1885-1914 (Chicago, 1957);
26. Edward S. Kaplan and Thomas W. Ryley, Prelude to Trade Wars: American Tariff Policy, 1890-1922 (Westport, Conn., 1994);
27. Skowronek, Building a New American State.
28. Additionally, the contemporary political economy literature has virtually ignored the original Tariff Commission, despite numerous studies of its descendant, the United States International Trading Corporation (USITC). See Robert Baldwin, The Political Economy of U.S. Import Policy (Cambridge, Mass., 1985); I. M. Destler, American Trade Politics: System Under Stress (New York, 1986); Judith Goldstein, "The Political Economy of Trade: Institutions of Protection," American Political Science Review 80 (Mar. 1986): 161-184; and Stefanie A. Lenway, The Politics of U.S. International Trade: Protection, Expansion and Escape (Boston, Mass., 1985).
29. Additionally, the contemporary political economy literature has virtually ignored the original Tariff Commission, despite numerous studies of its descendant, the United States International Trading Corporation (USITC). See Robert Baldwin, The Political Economy of U.S. Import Policy (Cambridge, Mass., 1985); I. M. Destler, American Trade Politics: System Under Stress (New York, 1986); Judith Goldstein, "The Political Economy of Trade: Institutions of Protection," American Political Science Review 80 (Mar. 1986): 161-184; and Stefanie A. Lenway, The Politics of U.S. International Trade: Protection, Expansion and Escape (Boston, Mass., 1985).
30. Additionally, the contemporary political economy literature has virtually ignored the original Tariff Commission, despite numerous studies of its descendant, the United States International Trading Corporation (USITC). See Robert Baldwin, The Political Economy of U.S. Import Policy (Cambridge, Mass., 1985); I. M. Destler, American Trade Politics: System Under Stress (New York, 1986); Judith Goldstein, "The Political Economy of Trade: Institutions of Protection," American Political Science Review 80 (Mar. 1986): 161-184; and Stefanie A. Lenway, The Politics of U.S. International Trade: Protection, Expansion and Escape (Boston, Mass., 1985).
31. Additionally, the contemporary political economy literature has virtually ignored the original Tariff Commission, despite numerous studies of its descendant, the United States International Trading Corporation (USITC). See Robert Baldwin, The Political Economy of U.S. Import Policy (Cambridge, Mass., 1985); I. M. Destler, American Trade Politics: System Under Stress (New York, 1986); Judith Goldstein, "The Political Economy of Trade: Institutions of Protection," American Political Science Review 80 (Mar. 1986): 161-184; and Stefanie A. Lenway, The Politics of U.S. International Trade: Protection, Expansion and Escape (Boston, Mass., 1985).
32. David W. Eakins, "The Origins of Corporate Liberal Policy Research, 1916-1922: The Political-Economic Expert and the Decline of Public Debate," in Jerry Israel ed., Building the Organizational Society (New York, 1972); Louis Galambos, "The Emerging Organizational Synthesis in Modern American History," Business History Review 44 (Autumn 1970): 279-290; Hawley, "Corporate Liberalism"; Burton I. Kaufman, Efficiency and Expansion: Foreign Trade Organization in the Wilson Administration, 1913-1921 (Westport, Conn., 1974).
33. David W. Eakins, "The Origins of Corporate Liberal Policy Research, 1916-1922: The Political-Economic Expert and the Decline of Public Debate," in Jerry Israel ed., Building the Organizational Society (New York, 1972); Louis Galambos, "The Emerging Organizational Synthesis in Modern American History," Business History Review 44 (Autumn 1970): 279-290; Hawley, "Corporate Liberalism"; Burton I. Kaufman, Efficiency and Expansion: Foreign Trade Organization in the Wilson Administration, 1913-1921 (Westport, Conn., 1974).
34. David W. Eakins, "The Origins of Corporate Liberal Policy Research, 1916-1922: The Political-Economic Expert and the Decline of Public Debate," in Jerry Israel ed., Building the Organizational Society (New York, 1972); Louis Galambos, "The Emerging Organizational Synthesis in Modern American History," Business History Review 44 (Autumn 1970): 279-290; Hawley, "Corporate Liberalism"; Burton I. Kaufman, Efficiency and Expansion: Foreign Trade Organization in the Wilson Administration, 1913-1921 (Westport, Conn., 1974).
35. Gerald Berk, "Adversarial by Design: Railroads and the American State, 1887-1916," Journal of Policy History 5 (1993): 355-365; Leonard DeGraaf, "Corporate Liberalism and Electric Power System Planning in the 1920s," Business History Review 64 (Spring 1990): 1-31; Thomas K. McCraw, "Business and Government: The Adversary Relationship," California Management Review 27 (1984): 33-52.
36. Gerald Berk, "Adversarial by Design: Railroads and the American State, 1887-1916," Journal of Policy History 5 (1993): 355-365; Leonard DeGraaf, "Corporate Liberalism and Electric Power System Planning in the 1920s," Business History Review 64 (Spring 1990): 1-31; Thomas K. McCraw, "Business and Government: The Adversary Relationship," California Management Review 27 (1984): 33-52.
37. Gerald Berk, "Adversarial by Design: Railroads and the American State, 1887-1916," Journal of Policy History 5 (1993): 355-365; Leonard DeGraaf, "Corporate Liberalism and Electric Power System Planning in the 1920s," Business History Review 64 (Spring 1990): 1-31; Thomas K. McCraw, "Business and Government: The Adversary Relationship," California Management Review 27 (1984): 33-52.
38. E. Pendleton Herring, Public Administration and the Public Interest (New York, 1936); Kaufman, Efficiency and Expansion; Joseph F. Kenkel, Progressives and Protection: The Search for a Tariff Policy, 1866-1936 (Landham, Md., 1983); Phillip Wright, Tariff-Making by Commission (Washington, D.C., 1930).
39. E. Pendleton Herring, Public Administration and the Public Interest (New York, 1936); Kaufman, Efficiency and Expansion; Joseph F. Kenkel, Progressives and Protection: The Search for a Tariff Policy, 1866-1936 (Landham, Md., 1983); Phillip Wright, Tariff-Making by Commission (Washington, D.C., 1930).
40. E. Pendleton Herring, Public Administration and the Public Interest (New York, 1936); Kaufman, Efficiency and Expansion; Joseph F. Kenkel, Progressives and Protection: The Search for a Tariff Policy, 1866-1936 (Landham, Md., 1983); Phillip Wright, Tariff-Making by Commission (Washington, D.C., 1930).
41. E. Pendleton Herring, Public Administration and the Public Interest (New York, 1936); Kaufman, Efficiency and Expansion; Joseph F. Kenkel, Progressives and Protection: The Search for a Tariff Policy, 1866-1936 (Landham, Md., 1983); Phillip Wright, Tariff-Making by Commission (Washington, D.C., 1930).
42. E. Pendleton Herring, "The Political Context of the Tariff Commission," Political Science Quarterly 49 (Sept. 1934): 421-440; Herring, Public Administration; Kaufman, Efficiency and Expansion; Mark A. Smith, "Scientific Tariff Revision," American Economic Review 10 (1920): 417-426.
43. E. Pendleton Herring, "The Political Context of the Tariff Commission," Political Science Quarterly 49 (Sept. 1934): 421-440; Herring, Public Administration; Kaufman, Efficiency and Expansion; Mark A. Smith, "Scientific Tariff Revision," American Economic Review 10 (1920): 417-426.
44. E. Pendleton Herring, "The Political Context of the Tariff Commission," Political Science Quarterly 49 (Sept. 1934): 421-440; Herring, Public Administration; Kaufman, Efficiency and Expansion; Mark A. Smith, "Scientific Tariff Revision," American Economic Review 10 (1920): 417-426.
45. E. Pendleton Herring, "The Political Context of the Tariff Commission," Political Science Quarterly 49 (Sept. 1934): 421-440; Herring, Public Administration; Kaufman, Efficiency and Expansion; Mark A. Smith, "Scientific Tariff Revision," American Economic Review 10 (1920): 417-426.
46. Press Conference of 14 Apr. 1913 in Arthur Link, David Hirst, John Little, Fredrick Aandahl, eds., The Papers of Woodrow Wilson (Princeton, N.J., 1982), volume 50, 21 [hereafter PWW].
47. Kitchin claimed, "all facts necessary to write a revenue bill . . . can easily be secured through other sources than a Tariff Commission." 15 Apr. 1916 letter to R. Bowker, roll 9, Claude Kitchin Papers, Southern Historical Collection, University of North Carolina Library [herafter Kitchen Papers]. Wilson's statement to Governor J. Cox of Ohio was representative of his publicly-stated opposition to the Tariff Commission: "the functions of a Tariff Commission have already been lodged in the Bureau of Foreign and Domestic Commerce." 27 Aug. 1915 letter, series 4, subject 180, reel 233, Woodrow Wilson Papers, Library of Congress, Manuscript Division [hereafter Wilson Papers]. See also references in footnote 24.
48. Richard Abrams, "Wilson and the Southern Congressmen, 1913-1916," The Journal of Southern History 22 (1956): 417-437; William Diamond, The Economic Thought of Woodrow Wilson (Baltimore, Md., 1943); John Dobson, Two Centuries of Tariffs: The Background and Emergence of the U.S. International Trade Commission (Washington, D.C., 1976); Arthur S. Link, Woodrow Wilson and the Progressiv Era (New York, 1954).
49. Richard Abrams, "Wilson and the Southern Congressmen, 1913-1916," The Journal of Southern History 22 (1956): 417-437; William Diamond, The Economic Thought of Woodrow Wilson (Baltimore, Md., 1943); John Dobson, Two Centuries of Tariffs: The Background and Emergence of the U.S. International Trade Commission (Washington, D.C., 1976); Arthur S. Link, Woodrow Wilson and the Progressiv Era (New York, 1954).
50. Richard Abrams, "Wilson and the Southern Congressmen, 1913-1916," The Journal of Southern History 22 (1956): 417-437; William Diamond, The Economic Thought of Woodrow Wilson (Baltimore, Md., 1943); John Dobson, Two Centuries of Tariffs: The Background and Emergence of the U.S. International Trade Commission (Washington, D.C., 1976); Arthur S. Link, Woodrow Wilson and the Progressiv Era (New York, 1954).
51. Richard Abrams, "Wilson and the Southern Congressmen, 1913-1916," The Journal of Southern History 22 (1956): 417-437; William Diamond, The Economic Thought of Woodrow Wilson (Baltimore, Md., 1943); John Dobson, Two Centuries of Tariffs: The Background and Emergence of the U.S. International Trade Commission (Washington, D.C., 1976); Arthur S. Link, Woodrow Wilson and the Progressiv Era (New York, 1954).
52. Kaufman, Efficiency and Expansion; Kenkel, Progressives and Protection; Joseph Kenkel, "The Tariff Commission Movement: The Search for a Nonpartisan Solution to the Tariff Question" (Ph.D. diss., U. of Maryland, 1962); William E. Leuchtenburg, "Progressivism and Imperialism: The Progressive Movement and American Foreign Policy, 1898-1916," Mississippi Valley Historical Review 39 (Dec. 1952): 483-504; Robert A. Waller, Rainey of Illinois: A Political Biography, 1903-34 (Urbana, Ill. 1977), 105-109.
53. Kaufman, Efficiency and Expansion; Kenkel, Progressives and Protection; Joseph Kenkel, "The Tariff Commission Movement: The Search for a Nonpartisan Solution to the Tariff Question" (Ph.D. diss., U. of Maryland, 1962); William E. Leuchtenburg, "Progressivism and Imperialism: The Progressive Movement and American Foreign Policy, 1898-1916," Mississippi Valley Historical Review 39 (Dec. 1952): 483-504; Robert A. Waller, Rainey of Illinois: A Political Biography, 1903-34 (Urbana, Ill. 1977), 105-109.
54. Kaufman, Efficiency and Expansion; Kenkel, Progressives and Protection; Joseph Kenkel, "The Tariff Commission Movement: The Search for a Nonpartisan Solution to the Tariff Question" (Ph.D. diss., U. of Maryland, 1962); William E. Leuchtenburg, "Progressivism and Imperialism: The Progressive Movement and American Foreign Policy, 1898-1916," Mississippi Valley Historical Review 39 (Dec. 1952): 483-504; Robert A. Waller, Rainey of Illinois: A Political Biography, 1903-34 (Urbana, Ill. 1977), 105-109.
55. Kaufman, Efficiency and Expansion; Kenkel, Progressives and Protection; Joseph Kenkel, "The Tariff Commission Movement: The Search for a Nonpartisan Solution to the Tariff Question" (Ph.D. diss., U. of Maryland, 1962); William E. Leuchtenburg, "Progressivism and Imperialism: The Progressive Movement and American Foreign Policy, 1898-1916," Mississippi Valley Historical Review 39 (Dec. 1952): 483-504; Robert A. Waller, Rainey of Illinois: A Political Biography, 1903-34 (Urbana, Ill. 1977), 105-109.
56. Kaufman, Efficiency and Expansion; Kenkel, Progressives and Protection; Joseph Kenkel, "The Tariff Commission Movement: The Search for a Nonpartisan Solution to the Tariff Question" (Ph.D. diss., U. of Maryland, 1962); William E. Leuchtenburg, "Progressivism and Imperialism: The Progressive Movement and American Foreign Policy, 1898-1916," Mississippi Valley Historical Review 39 (Dec. 1952): 483-504; Robert A. Waller, Rainey of Illinois: A Political Biography, 1903-34 (Urbana, Ill. 1977), 105-109.
57. Paul Wolman, Most Favored Nation: The Republican Revisionists and U.S. Tariff Policy, 1897-1912 (Chapel Hill, N.C., 1992).
58. Historians have described the Ways & Means Committee during the Wilson administration as one of the best ever assembled. David Sarasohn, The Party of Reform: Democrats in the Progressive Era (Jackson, Miss., 1989), 93-95.
59. Indeed, the Ways and Means committee reporting the Tariff Committee bill was also the same committee responsible for the highly progressive income tax structure of the 1916 Revenue Act - a tax structure that Wilson did not propose but which has been called one of the great achievements of the Progressive Era. Arthur Link, Wilson: Campaigns for Progressivism and Peace (Princeton, N.J., 1965), 65.
60. On the relationship between tariff protection and trusts, and the anti-monopoly movement this spawned during the Progressive Era, see Franklin Pierce, The Tariff and Trusts (New York, 1907), and Daniel T. Rodgers, "In Search of Progressivism" in Stanley I. Kutter and Stanley N. Katz, eds., The Promise of American History: Progress and Prospects (Baltimore, Md., 1984), IV, 4.
61. On the relationship between tariff protection and trusts, and the anti-monopoly movement this spawned during the Progressive Era, see Franklin Pierce, The Tariff and Trusts (New York, 1907), and Daniel T. Rodgers, "In Search of Progressivism" in Stanley I. Kutter and Stanley N. Katz, eds., The Promise of American History: Progress and Prospects (Baltimore, Md., 1984), IV, 4.
62. U.S. Statutes at Large, Ch. 6, 61st Congress, 1st sess., 83. For more information on Republican Tariff Board proposals and support see Congressional Record 53 (1916): 13803-4 [hereafter CR]; Kenkel, "Tariff Commission Movement"; Herbert Margulies, Reconciliation and Revival: James R. Mann and the House Republicans in the Wilson Era (Westport, Conn., 1996): 55, 78-79; and Senator Lenroot of Wisconsin (Columbia, Mo., 1977), 112, 163-5, 194;
63. U.S. Statutes at Large, Ch. 6, 61st Congress, 1st sess., 83. For more information on Republican Tariff Board proposals and support see Congressional Record 53 (1916): 13803-4 [hereafter CR]; Kenkel, "Tariff Commission Movement"; Herbert Margulies, Reconciliation and Revival: James R. Mann and the House Republicans in the Wilson Era (Westport, Conn., 1996): 55, 78-79; and Senator Lenroot of Wisconsin (Columbia, Mo., 1977), 112, 163-5, 194;
64. U.S. Statutes at Large, Ch. 6, 61st Congress, 1st sess., 83. For more information on Republican Tariff Board proposals and support see Congressional Record 53 (1916): 13803-4 [hereafter CR]; Kenkel, "Tariff Commission Movement"; Herbert Margulies, Reconciliation and Revival: James R. Mann and the House Republicans in the Wilson Era (Westport, Conn., 1996): 55, 78-79; and Senator Lenroot of Wisconsin (Columbia, Mo., 1977), 112, 163-5, 194;
65. U.S. Statutes at Large, Ch. 6, 61st Congress, 1st sess., 83. For more information on Republican Tariff Board proposals and support see Congressional Record 53 (1916): 13803-4 [hereafter CR]; Kenkel, "Tariff Commission Movement"; Herbert Margulies, Reconciliation and Revival: James R. Mann and the House Republicans in the Wilson Era (Westport, Conn., 1996): 55, 78-79; and Senator Lenroot of Wisconsin (Columbia, Mo., 1977), 112, 163-5, 194;
66. U.S. Statutes at Large, Ch. 6, 61st Congress, 1st sess., 83. For more information on Republican Tariff Board proposals and support see Congressional Record 53 (1916): 13803-4 [hereafter CR]; Kenkel, "Tariff Commission Movement"; Herbert Margulies, Reconciliation and Revival: James R. Mann and the House Republicans in the Wilson Era (Westport, Conn., 1996): 55, 78-79; and Senator Lenroot of Wisconsin (Columbia, Mo., 1977), 112, 163-5, 194;
67. 13 Aug. 1910 letter from I. Lenroot to F. Gray, box 2, Irvine L. Lenroot Papers, Library of Congress, Manuscript Division, and "The Legislative History of the Law Creating the U.S. Federal Tariff Commission," box 134, William S. Culbertson Papers, Library of Congress, Manuscript Division [hereafter Culbertson Papers]. The last Tariff Board proposal prior to the Democrats' Tariff Commission was the 1911 Longworth bill to study production cost differences. The bill passed in the House with the support of 99 percent of Republicans and 28 percent of Democrats, mostly from midwestern states where the tariff board movement originated and where popular and business support was highest.
68. In the Senate, Democrats filibustered and killed the bill (CR 46 [1911]: 1676, 1679-81, 1683, 1688-9, 1693).
69. See CR 62 (1922): 7570, 7646, 7821.
70. See Houston Chronicle, 16 Oct. 1915. New York Times, 25 July 1915; 22, 26 & 29 Sept. 1915; 8 & 23 Oct. 1915; 5 Nov. 1915; 10 & 20 Dec. 1915. On the pressure to establish a Tariff Commission, Wilson replied during a press conference on 29 Nov. 1914, to a question about whether he'd given more thought to a Tariff Commission, "Well, it is called to my attention about once every twenty-four hours." PWW 50, 661. Industrial and organized interest groups demanding a permanent tariff commission included the U.S. Chamber of Commerce, the National Association of Clothiers, the Tariff Commission League (Chicago), the National Grange, the National Association of Manufacturers, the National Tariff Commission Association, the Eastern Supply Association, the Silk Manufacturers Association, and the Chemical Industry Association.
71. See Houston Chronicle, 16 Oct. 1915. New York Times, 25 July 1915; 22, 26 & 29 Sept. 1915; 8 & 23 Oct. 1915; 5 Nov. 1915; 10 & 20 Dec. 1915. On the pressure to establish a Tariff Commission, Wilson replied during a press conference on 29 Nov. 1914, to a question about whether he'd given more thought to a Tariff Commission, "Well, it is called to my attention about once every twenty-four hours." PWW 50, 661. Industrial and organized interest groups demanding a permanent tariff commission included the U.S. Chamber of Commerce, the National Association of Clothiers, the Tariff Commission League (Chicago), the National Grange, the National Association of Manufacturers, the National Tariff Commission Association, the Eastern Supply Association, the Silk Manufacturers Association, and the Chemical Industry Association.
72. See Houston Chronicle, 16 Oct. 1915. New York Times, 25 July 1915; 22, 26 & 29 Sept. 1915; 8 & 23 Oct. 1915; 5 Nov. 1915; 10 & 20 Dec. 1915. On the pressure to establish a Tariff Commission, Wilson replied during a press conference on 29 Nov. 1914, to a question about whether he'd given more thought to a Tariff Commission, "Well, it is called to my attention about once every twenty-four hours." PWW 50, 661. Industrial and organized interest groups demanding a permanent tariff commission included the U.S. Chamber of Commerce, the National Association of Clothiers, the Tariff Commission League (Chicago), the National Grange, the National Association of Manufacturers, the National Tariff Commission Association, the Eastern Supply Association, the Silk Manufacturers Association, and the Chemical Industry Association.
73. See Houston Chronicle, 16 Oct. 1915. New York Times, 25 July 1915; 22, 26 & 29 Sept. 1915; 8 & 23 Oct. 1915; 5 Nov. 1915; 10 & 20 Dec. 1915. On the pressure to establish a Tariff Commission, Wilson replied during a press conference on 29 Nov. 1914, to a question about whether he'd given more thought to a Tariff Commission, "Well, it is called to my attention about once every twenty-four hours." PWW 50, 661. Industrial and organized interest groups demanding a permanent tariff commission included the U.S. Chamber of Commerce, the National Association of Clothiers, the Tariff Commission League (Chicago), the National Grange, the National Association of Manufacturers, the National Tariff Commission Association, the Eastern Supply Association, the Silk Manufacturers Association, and the Chemical Industry Association.
74. See Houston Chronicle, 16 Oct. 1915. New York Times, 25 July 1915; 22, 26 & 29 Sept. 1915; 8 & 23 Oct. 1915; 5 Nov. 1915; 10 & 20 Dec. 1915. On the pressure to establish a Tariff Commission, Wilson replied during a press conference on 29 Nov. 1914, to a question about whether he'd given more thought to a Tariff Commission, "Well, it is called to my attention about once every twenty-four hours." PWW 50, 661. Industrial and organized interest groups demanding a permanent tariff commission included the U.S. Chamber of Commerce, the National Association of Clothiers, the Tariff Commission League (Chicago), the National Grange, the National Association of Manufacturers, the National Tariff Commission Association, the Eastern Supply Association, the Silk Manufacturers Association, and the Chemical Industry Association.
75. See Houston Chronicle, 16 Oct. 1915. New York Times, 25 July 1915; 22, 26 & 29 Sept. 1915; 8 & 23 Oct. 1915; 5 Nov. 1915; 10 & 20 Dec. 1915. On the pressure to establish a Tariff Commission, Wilson replied during a press conference on 29 Nov. 1914, to a question about whether he'd given more thought to a Tariff Commission, "Well, it is called to my attention about once every twenty-four hours." PWW 50, 661. Industrial and organized interest groups demanding a permanent tariff commission included the U.S. Chamber of Commerce, the National Association of Clothiers, the Tariff Commission League (Chicago), the National Grange, the National Association of Manufacturers, the National Tariff Commission Association, the Eastern Supply Association, the Silk Manufacturers Association, and the Chemical Industry Association.
76. See Houston Chronicle, 16 Oct. 1915. New York Times, 25 July 1915; 22, 26 & 29 Sept. 1915; 8 & 23 Oct. 1915; 5 Nov. 1915; 10 & 20 Dec. 1915. On the pressure to establish a Tariff Commission, Wilson replied during a press conference on 29 Nov. 1914, to a question about whether he'd given more thought to a Tariff Commission, "Well, it is called to my attention about once every twenty-four hours." PWW 50, 661. Industrial and organized interest groups demanding a permanent tariff commission included the U.S. Chamber of Commerce, the National Association of Clothiers, the Tariff Commission League (Chicago), the National Grange, the National Association of Manufacturers, the National Tariff Commission Association, the Eastern Supply Association, the Silk Manufacturers Association, and the Chemical Industry Association.
77. See New York Times, 16 Jan. 1914, 6; 19 Jan. 1914, 11; 8 Feb. 1914, viii, 10; 28 Mar. 1914, 12; 9 Apr. 1914, 2, 10; 19 Apr. 1914, ix, 12; 21 Apr. 1914, 10; 4 May 1914, 11; 10 May 1914, ix, 12; 22 May 1914 12; 5 June 1914, 14; 21 June 1914, ii, 3; 30 June 1914, 12; 1 July 1914, 1; 5 July 1914, viii, 8; 19 July 1914, viii, 16; 29 July 1914, 12; 8 Oct. 1914, 7; 11 Oct. 1914, ii, 4; 14 Dec. 1914, 4; 21 Dec. 1914, 6; 27 Dec. 1914, 7. Wall Street Journal, 26 Feb. 1914, 2; 7 Mar. 1914, 3; 5 June 1914, 2; 11 June 1914, 8; 22 June 1914, 2; 1 July 1914, 1; 8 July 1914, 6.
78. See New York Times, 16 Jan. 1914, 6; 19 Jan. 1914, 11; 8 Feb. 1914, viii, 10; 28 Mar. 1914, 12; 9 Apr. 1914, 2, 10; 19 Apr. 1914, ix, 12; 21 Apr. 1914, 10; 4 May 1914, 11; 10 May 1914, ix, 12; 22 May 1914 12; 5 June 1914, 14; 21 June 1914, ii, 3; 30 June 1914, 12; 1 July 1914, 1; 5 July 1914, viii, 8; 19 July 1914, viii, 16; 29 July 1914, 12; 8 Oct. 1914, 7; 11 Oct. 1914, ii, 4; 14 Dec. 1914, 4; 21 Dec. 1914, 6; 27 Dec. 1914, 7. Wall Street Journal, 26 Feb. 1914, 2; 7 Mar. 1914, 3; 5 June 1914, 2; 11 June 1914, 8; 22 June 1914, 2; 1 July 1914, 1; 8 July 1914, 6.
79. See New York Times, 16 Jan. 1914, 6; 19 Jan. 1914, 11; 8 Feb. 1914, viii, 10; 28 Mar. 1914, 12; 9 Apr. 1914, 2, 10; 19 Apr. 1914, ix, 12; 21 Apr. 1914, 10; 4 May 1914, 11; 10 May 1914, ix, 12; 22 May 1914 12; 5 June 1914, 14; 21 June 1914, ii, 3; 30 June 1914, 12; 1 July 1914, 1; 5 July 1914, viii, 8; 19 July 1914, viii, 16; 29 July 1914, 12; 8 Oct. 1914, 7; 11 Oct. 1914, ii, 4; 14 Dec. 1914, 4; 21 Dec. 1914, 6; 27 Dec. 1914, 7. Wall Street Journal, 26 Feb. 1914, 2; 7 Mar. 1914, 3; 5 June 1914, 2; 11 June 1914, 8; 22 June 1914, 2; 1 July 1914, 1; 8 July 1914, 6.
80. See New York Times, 16 Jan. 1914, 6; 19 Jan. 1914, 11; 8 Feb. 1914, viii, 10; 28 Mar. 1914, 12; 9 Apr. 1914, 2, 10; 19 Apr. 1914, ix, 12; 21 Apr. 1914, 10; 4 May 1914, 11; 10 May 1914, ix, 12; 22 May 1914 12; 5 June 1914, 14; 21 June 1914, ii, 3; 30 June 1914, 12; 1 July 1914, 1; 5 July 1914, viii, 8; 19 July 1914, viii, 16; 29 July 1914, 12; 8 Oct. 1914, 7; 11 Oct. 1914, ii, 4; 14 Dec. 1914, 4; 21 Dec. 1914, 6; 27 Dec. 1914, 7. Wall Street Journal, 26 Feb. 1914, 2; 7 Mar. 1914, 3; 5 June 1914, 2; 11 June 1914, 8; 22 June 1914, 2; 1 July 1914, 1; 8 July 1914, 6.
81. See New York Times, 16 Jan. 1914, 6; 19 Jan. 1914, 11; 8 Feb. 1914, viii, 10; 28 Mar. 1914, 12; 9 Apr. 1914, 2, 10; 19 Apr. 1914, ix, 12; 21 Apr. 1914, 10; 4 May 1914, 11; 10 May 1914, ix, 12; 22 May 1914 12; 5 June 1914, 14; 21 June 1914, ii, 3; 30 June 1914, 12; 1 July 1914, 1; 5 July 1914, viii, 8; 19 July 1914, viii, 16; 29 July 1914, 12; 8 Oct. 1914, 7; 11 Oct. 1914, ii, 4; 14 Dec. 1914, 4; 21 Dec. 1914, 6; 27 Dec. 1914, 7. Wall Street Journal, 26 Feb. 1914, 2; 7 Mar. 1914, 3; 5 June 1914, 2; 11 June 1914, 8; 22 June 1914, 2; 1 July 1914, 1; 8 July 1914, 6.
82. See New York Times, 16 Jan. 1914, 6; 19 Jan. 1914, 11; 8 Feb. 1914, viii, 10; 28 Mar. 1914, 12; 9 Apr. 1914, 2, 10; 19 Apr. 1914, ix, 12; 21 Apr. 1914, 10; 4 May 1914, 11; 10 May 1914, ix, 12; 22 May 1914 12; 5 June 1914, 14; 21 June 1914, ii, 3; 30 June 1914, 12; 1 July 1914, 1; 5 July 1914, viii, 8; 19 July 1914, viii, 16; 29 July 1914, 12; 8 Oct. 1914, 7; 11 Oct. 1914, ii, 4; 14 Dec. 1914, 4; 21 Dec. 1914, 6; 27 Dec. 1914, 7. Wall Street Journal, 26 Feb. 1914, 2; 7 Mar. 1914, 3; 5 June 1914, 2; 11 June 1914, 8; 22 June 1914, 2; 1 July 1914, 1; 8 July 1914, 6.
83. See New York Times, 16 Jan. 1914, 6; 19 Jan. 1914, 11; 8 Feb. 1914, viii, 10; 28 Mar. 1914, 12; 9 Apr. 1914, 2, 10; 19 Apr. 1914, ix, 12; 21 Apr. 1914, 10; 4 May 1914, 11; 10 May 1914, ix, 12; 22 May 1914 12; 5 June 1914, 14; 21 June 1914, ii, 3; 30 June 1914, 12; 1 July 1914, 1; 5 July 1914, viii, 8; 19 July 1914, viii, 16; 29 July 1914, 12; 8 Oct. 1914, 7; 11 Oct. 1914, ii, 4; 14 Dec. 1914, 4; 21 Dec. 1914, 6; 27 Dec. 1914, 7. Wall Street Journal, 26 Feb. 1914, 2; 7 Mar. 1914, 3; 5 June 1914, 2; 11 June 1914, 8; 22 June 1914, 2; 1 July 1914, 1; 8 July 1914, 6.
84. See New York Times, 16 Jan. 1914, 6; 19 Jan. 1914, 11; 8 Feb. 1914, viii, 10; 28 Mar. 1914, 12; 9 Apr. 1914, 2, 10; 19 Apr. 1914, ix, 12; 21 Apr. 1914, 10; 4 May 1914, 11; 10 May 1914, ix, 12; 22 May 1914 12; 5 June 1914, 14; 21 June 1914, ii, 3; 30 June 1914, 12; 1 July 1914, 1; 5 July 1914, viii, 8; 19 July 1914, viii, 16; 29 July 1914, 12; 8 Oct. 1914, 7; 11 Oct. 1914, ii, 4; 14 Dec. 1914, 4; 21 Dec. 1914, 6; 27 Dec. 1914, 7. Wall Street Journal, 26 Feb. 1914, 2; 7 Mar. 1914, 3; 5 June 1914, 2; 11 June 1914, 8; 22 June 1914, 2; 1 July 1914, 1; 8 July 1914, 6.
85. See New York Times, 16 Jan. 1914, 6; 19 Jan. 1914, 11; 8 Feb. 1914, viii, 10; 28 Mar. 1914, 12; 9 Apr. 1914, 2, 10; 19 Apr. 1914, ix, 12; 21 Apr. 1914, 10; 4 May 1914, 11; 10 May 1914, ix, 12; 22 May 1914 12; 5 June 1914, 14; 21 June 1914, ii, 3; 30 June 1914, 12; 1 July 1914, 1; 5 July 1914, viii, 8; 19 July 1914, viii, 16; 29 July 1914, 12; 8 Oct. 1914, 7; 11 Oct. 1914, ii, 4; 14 Dec. 1914, 4; 21 Dec. 1914, 6; 27 Dec. 1914, 7. Wall Street Journal, 26 Feb. 1914, 2; 7 Mar. 1914, 3; 5 June 1914, 2; 11 June 1914, 8; 22 June 1914, 2; 1 July 1914, 1; 8 July 1914, 6.
86. See New York Times, 16 Jan. 1914, 6; 19 Jan. 1914, 11; 8 Feb. 1914, viii, 10; 28 Mar. 1914, 12; 9 Apr. 1914, 2, 10; 19 Apr. 1914, ix, 12; 21 Apr. 1914, 10; 4 May 1914, 11; 10 May 1914, ix, 12; 22 May 1914 12; 5 June 1914, 14; 21 June 1914, ii, 3; 30 June 1914, 12; 1 July 1914, 1; 5 July 1914, viii, 8; 19 July 1914, viii, 16; 29 July 1914, 12; 8 Oct. 1914, 7; 11 Oct. 1914, ii, 4; 14 Dec. 1914, 4; 21 Dec. 1914, 6; 27 Dec. 1914, 7. Wall Street Journal, 26 Feb. 1914, 2; 7 Mar. 1914, 3; 5 June 1914, 2; 11 June 1914, 8; 22 June 1914, 2; 1 July 1914, 1; 8 July 1914, 6.
87. See New York Times, 16 Jan. 1914, 6; 19 Jan. 1914, 11; 8 Feb. 1914, viii, 10; 28 Mar. 1914, 12; 9 Apr. 1914, 2, 10; 19 Apr. 1914, ix, 12; 21 Apr. 1914, 10; 4 May 1914, 11; 10 May 1914, ix, 12; 22 May 1914 12; 5 June 1914, 14; 21 June 1914, ii, 3; 30 June 1914, 12; 1 July 1914, 1; 5 July 1914, viii, 8; 19 July 1914, viii, 16; 29 July 1914, 12; 8 Oct. 1914, 7; 11 Oct. 1914, ii, 4; 14 Dec. 1914, 4; 21 Dec. 1914, 6; 27 Dec. 1914, 7. Wall Street Journal, 26 Feb. 1914, 2; 7 Mar. 1914, 3; 5 June 1914, 2; 11 June 1914, 8; 22 June 1914, 2; 1 July 1914, 1; 8 July 1914, 6.
88. See New York Times, 16 Jan. 1914, 6; 19 Jan. 1914, 11; 8 Feb. 1914, viii, 10; 28 Mar. 1914, 12; 9 Apr. 1914, 2, 10; 19 Apr. 1914, ix, 12; 21 Apr. 1914, 10; 4 May 1914, 11; 10 May 1914, ix, 12; 22 May 1914 12; 5 June 1914, 14; 21 June 1914, ii, 3; 30 June 1914, 12; 1 July 1914, 1; 5 July 1914, viii, 8; 19 July 1914, viii, 16; 29 July 1914, 12; 8 Oct. 1914, 7; 11 Oct. 1914, ii, 4; 14 Dec. 1914, 4; 21 Dec. 1914, 6; 27 Dec. 1914, 7. Wall Street Journal, 26 Feb. 1914, 2; 7 Mar. 1914, 3; 5 June 1914, 2; 11 June 1914, 8; 22 June 1914, 2; 1 July 1914, 1; 8 July 1914, 6.
89. See New York Times, 16 Jan. 1914, 6; 19 Jan. 1914, 11; 8 Feb. 1914, viii, 10; 28 Mar. 1914, 12; 9 Apr. 1914, 2, 10; 19 Apr. 1914, ix, 12; 21 Apr. 1914, 10; 4 May 1914, 11; 10 May 1914, ix, 12; 22 May 1914 12; 5 June 1914, 14; 21 June 1914, ii, 3; 30 June 1914, 12; 1 July 1914, 1; 5 July 1914, viii, 8; 19 July 1914, viii, 16; 29 July 1914, 12; 8 Oct. 1914, 7; 11 Oct. 1914, ii, 4; 14 Dec. 1914, 4; 21 Dec. 1914, 6; 27 Dec. 1914, 7. Wall Street Journal, 26 Feb. 1914, 2; 7 Mar. 1914, 3; 5 June 1914, 2; 11 June 1914, 8; 22 June 1914, 2; 1 July 1914, 1; 8 July 1914, 6.
90. See New York Times, 16 Jan. 1914, 6; 19 Jan. 1914, 11; 8 Feb. 1914, viii, 10; 28 Mar. 1914, 12; 9 Apr. 1914, 2, 10; 19 Apr. 1914, ix, 12; 21 Apr. 1914, 10; 4 May 1914, 11; 10 May 1914, ix, 12; 22 May 1914 12; 5 June 1914, 14; 21 June 1914, ii, 3; 30 June 1914, 12; 1 July 1914, 1; 5 July 1914, viii, 8; 19 July 1914, viii, 16; 29 July 1914, 12; 8 Oct. 1914, 7; 11 Oct. 1914, ii, 4; 14 Dec. 1914, 4; 21 Dec. 1914, 6; 27 Dec. 1914, 7. Wall Street Journal, 26 Feb. 1914, 2; 7 Mar. 1914, 3; 5 June 1914, 2; 11 June 1914, 8; 22 June 1914, 2; 1 July 1914, 1; 8 July 1914, 6.
91. See New York Times, 16 Jan. 1914, 6; 19 Jan. 1914, 11; 8 Feb. 1914, viii, 10; 28 Mar. 1914, 12; 9 Apr. 1914, 2, 10; 19 Apr. 1914, ix, 12; 21 Apr. 1914, 10; 4 May 1914, 11; 10 May 1914, ix, 12; 22 May 1914 12; 5 June 1914, 14; 21 June 1914, ii, 3; 30 June 1914, 12; 1 July 1914, 1; 5 July 1914, viii, 8; 19 July 1914, viii, 16; 29 July 1914, 12; 8 Oct. 1914, 7; 11 Oct. 1914, ii, 4; 14 Dec. 1914, 4; 21 Dec. 1914, 6; 27 Dec. 1914, 7. Wall Street Journal, 26 Feb. 1914, 2; 7 Mar. 1914, 3; 5 June 1914, 2; 11 June 1914, 8; 22 June 1914, 2; 1 July 1914, 1; 8 July 1914, 6.
92. See New York Times, 16 Jan. 1914, 6; 19 Jan. 1914, 11; 8 Feb. 1914, viii, 10; 28 Mar. 1914, 12; 9 Apr. 1914, 2, 10; 19 Apr. 1914, ix, 12; 21 Apr. 1914, 10; 4 May 1914, 11; 10 May 1914, ix, 12; 22 May 1914 12; 5 June 1914, 14; 21 June 1914, ii, 3; 30 June 1914, 12; 1 July 1914, 1; 5 July 1914, viii, 8; 19 July 1914, viii, 16; 29 July 1914, 12; 8 Oct. 1914, 7; 11 Oct. 1914, ii, 4; 14 Dec. 1914, 4; 21 Dec. 1914, 6; 27 Dec. 1914, 7. Wall Street Journal, 26 Feb. 1914, 2; 7 Mar. 1914, 3; 5 June 1914, 2; 11 June 1914, 8; 22 June 1914, 2; 1 July 1914, 1; 8 July 1914, 6.
93. See New York Times, 16 Jan. 1914, 6; 19 Jan. 1914, 11; 8 Feb. 1914, viii, 10; 28 Mar. 1914, 12; 9 Apr. 1914, 2, 10; 19 Apr. 1914, ix, 12; 21 Apr. 1914, 10; 4 May 1914, 11; 10 May 1914, ix, 12; 22 May 1914 12; 5 June 1914, 14; 21 June 1914, ii, 3; 30 June 1914, 12; 1 July 1914, 1; 5 July 1914, viii, 8; 19 July 1914, viii, 16; 29 July 1914, 12; 8 Oct. 1914, 7; 11 Oct. 1914, ii, 4; 14 Dec. 1914, 4; 21 Dec. 1914, 6; 27 Dec. 1914, 7. Wall Street Journal, 26 Feb. 1914, 2; 7 Mar. 1914, 3; 5 June 1914, 2; 11 June 1914, 8; 22 June 1914, 2; 1 July 1914, 1; 8 July 1914, 6.
94. See New York Times, 16 Jan. 1914, 6; 19 Jan. 1914, 11; 8 Feb. 1914, viii, 10; 28 Mar. 1914, 12; 9 Apr. 1914, 2, 10; 19 Apr. 1914, ix, 12; 21 Apr. 1914, 10; 4 May 1914, 11; 10 May 1914, ix, 12; 22 May 1914 12; 5 June 1914, 14; 21 June 1914, ii, 3; 30 June 1914, 12; 1 July 1914, 1; 5 July 1914, viii, 8; 19 July 1914, viii, 16; 29 July 1914, 12; 8 Oct. 1914, 7; 11 Oct. 1914, ii, 4; 14 Dec. 1914, 4; 21 Dec. 1914, 6; 27 Dec. 1914, 7. Wall Street Journal, 26 Feb. 1914, 2; 7 Mar. 1914, 3; 5 June 1914, 2; 11 June 1914, 8; 22 June 1914, 2; 1 July 1914, 1; 8 July 1914, 6.
95. See New York Times, 16 Jan. 1914, 6; 19 Jan. 1914, 11; 8 Feb. 1914, viii, 10; 28 Mar. 1914, 12; 9 Apr. 1914, 2, 10; 19 Apr. 1914, ix, 12; 21 Apr. 1914, 10; 4 May 1914, 11; 10 May 1914, ix, 12; 22 May 1914 12; 5 June 1914, 14; 21 June 1914, ii, 3; 30 June 1914, 12; 1 July 1914, 1; 5 July 1914, viii, 8; 19 July 1914, viii, 16; 29 July 1914, 12; 8 Oct. 1914, 7; 11 Oct. 1914, ii, 4; 14 Dec. 1914, 4; 21 Dec. 1914, 6; 27 Dec. 1914, 7. Wall Street Journal, 26 Feb. 1914, 2; 7 Mar. 1914, 3; 5 June 1914, 2; 11 June 1914, 8; 22 June 1914, 2; 1 July 1914, 1; 8 July 1914, 6.
96. See New York Times, 16 Jan. 1914, 6; 19 Jan. 1914, 11; 8 Feb. 1914, viii, 10; 28 Mar. 1914, 12; 9 Apr. 1914, 2, 10; 19 Apr. 1914, ix, 12; 21 Apr. 1914, 10; 4 May 1914, 11; 10 May 1914, ix, 12; 22 May 1914 12; 5 June 1914, 14; 21 June 1914, ii, 3; 30 June 1914, 12; 1 July 1914, 1; 5 July 1914, viii, 8; 19 July 1914, viii, 16; 29 July 1914, 12; 8 Oct. 1914, 7; 11 Oct. 1914, ii, 4; 14 Dec. 1914, 4; 21 Dec. 1914, 6; 27 Dec. 1914, 7. Wall Street Journal, 26 Feb. 1914, 2; 7 Mar. 1914, 3; 5 June 1914, 2; 11 June 1914, 8; 22 June 1914, 2; 1 July 1914, 1; 8 July 1914, 6.
97. See New York Times, 16 Jan. 1914, 6; 19 Jan. 1914, 11; 8 Feb. 1914, viii, 10; 28 Mar. 1914, 12; 9 Apr. 1914, 2, 10; 19 Apr. 1914, ix, 12; 21 Apr. 1914, 10; 4 May 1914, 11; 10 May 1914, ix, 12; 22 May 1914 12; 5 June 1914, 14; 21 June 1914, ii, 3; 30 June 1914, 12; 1 July 1914, 1; 5 July 1914, viii, 8; 19 July 1914, viii, 16; 29 July 1914, 12; 8 Oct. 1914, 7; 11 Oct. 1914, ii, 4; 14 Dec. 1914, 4; 21 Dec. 1914, 6; 27 Dec. 1914, 7. Wall Street Journal, 26 Feb. 1914, 2; 7 Mar. 1914, 3; 5 June 1914, 2; 11 June 1914, 8; 22 June 1914, 2; 1 July 1914, 1; 8 July 1914, 6.
98. See New York Times, 16 Jan. 1914, 6; 19 Jan. 1914, 11; 8 Feb. 1914, viii, 10; 28 Mar. 1914, 12; 9 Apr. 1914, 2, 10; 19 Apr. 1914, ix, 12; 21 Apr. 1914, 10; 4 May 1914, 11; 10 May 1914, ix, 12; 22 May 1914 12; 5 June 1914, 14; 21 June 1914, ii, 3; 30 June 1914, 12; 1 July 1914, 1; 5 July 1914, viii, 8; 19 July 1914, viii, 16; 29 July 1914, 12; 8 Oct. 1914, 7; 11 Oct. 1914, ii, 4; 14 Dec. 1914, 4; 21 Dec. 1914, 6; 27 Dec. 1914, 7. Wall Street Journal, 26 Feb. 1914, 2; 7 Mar. 1914, 3; 5 June 1914, 2; 11 June 1914, 8; 22 June 1914, 2; 1 July 1914, 1; 8 July 1914, 6.
99. See New York Times, 16 Jan. 1914, 6; 19 Jan. 1914, 11; 8 Feb. 1914, viii, 10; 28 Mar. 1914, 12; 9 Apr. 1914, 2, 10; 19 Apr. 1914, ix, 12; 21 Apr. 1914, 10; 4 May 1914, 11; 10 May 1914, ix, 12; 22 May 1914 12; 5 June 1914, 14; 21 June 1914, ii, 3; 30 June 1914, 12; 1 July 1914, 1; 5 July 1914, viii, 8; 19 July 1914, viii, 16; 29 July 1914, 12; 8 Oct. 1914, 7; 11 Oct. 1914, ii, 4; 14 Dec. 1914, 4; 21 Dec. 1914, 6; 27 Dec. 1914, 7. Wall Street Journal, 26 Feb. 1914, 2; 7 Mar. 1914, 3; 5 June 1914, 2; 11 June 1914, 8; 22 June 1914, 2; 1 July 1914, 1; 8 July 1914, 6.
100. See New York Times, 16 Jan. 1914, 6; 19 Jan. 1914, 11; 8 Feb. 1914, viii, 10; 28 Mar. 1914, 12; 9 Apr. 1914, 2, 10; 19 Apr. 1914, ix, 12; 21 Apr. 1914, 10; 4 May 1914, 11; 10 May 1914, ix, 12; 22 May 1914 12; 5 June 1914, 14; 21 June 1914, ii, 3; 30 June 1914, 12; 1 July 1914, 1; 5 July 1914, viii, 8; 19 July 1914, viii, 16; 29 July 1914, 12; 8 Oct. 1914, 7; 11 Oct. 1914, ii, 4; 14 Dec. 1914, 4; 21 Dec. 1914, 6; 27 Dec. 1914, 7. Wall Street Journal, 26 Feb. 1914, 2; 7 Mar. 1914, 3; 5 June 1914, 2; 11 June 1914, 8; 22 June 1914, 2; 1 July 1914, 1; 8 July 1914, 6.
101. See New York Times, 16 Jan. 1914, 6; 19 Jan. 1914, 11; 8 Feb. 1914, viii, 10; 28 Mar. 1914, 12; 9 Apr. 1914, 2, 10; 19 Apr. 1914, ix, 12; 21 Apr. 1914, 10; 4 May 1914, 11; 10 May 1914, ix, 12; 22 May 1914 12; 5 June 1914, 14; 21 June 1914, ii, 3; 30 June 1914, 12; 1 July 1914, 1; 5 July 1914, viii, 8; 19 July 1914, viii, 16; 29 July 1914, 12; 8 Oct. 1914, 7; 11 Oct. 1914, ii, 4; 14 Dec. 1914, 4; 21 Dec. 1914, 6; 27 Dec. 1914, 7. Wall Street Journal, 26 Feb. 1914, 2; 7 Mar. 1914, 3; 5 June 1914, 2; 11 June 1914, 8; 22 June 1914, 2; 1 July 1914, 1; 8 July 1914, 6.
102. See New York Times, 16 Jan. 1914, 6; 19 Jan. 1914, 11; 8 Feb. 1914, viii, 10; 28 Mar. 1914, 12; 9 Apr. 1914, 2, 10; 19 Apr. 1914, ix, 12; 21 Apr. 1914, 10; 4 May 1914, 11; 10 May 1914, ix, 12; 22 May 1914 12; 5 June 1914, 14; 21 June 1914, ii, 3; 30 June 1914, 12; 1 July 1914, 1; 5 July 1914, viii, 8; 19 July 1914, viii, 16; 29 July 1914, 12; 8 Oct. 1914, 7; 11 Oct. 1914, ii, 4; 14 Dec. 1914, 4; 21 Dec. 1914, 6; 27 Dec. 1914, 7. Wall Street Journal, 26 Feb. 1914, 2; 7 Mar. 1914, 3; 5 June 1914, 2; 11 June 1914, 8; 22 June 1914, 2; 1 July 1914, 1; 8 July 1914, 6.
103. See New York Times, 16 Jan. 1914, 6; 19 Jan. 1914, 11; 8 Feb. 1914, viii, 10; 28 Mar. 1914, 12; 9 Apr. 1914, 2, 10; 19 Apr. 1914, ix, 12; 21 Apr. 1914, 10; 4 May 1914, 11; 10 May 1914, ix, 12; 22 May 1914 12; 5 June 1914, 14; 21 June 1914, ii, 3; 30 June 1914, 12; 1 July 1914, 1; 5 July 1914, viii, 8; 19 July 1914, viii, 16; 29 July 1914, 12; 8 Oct. 1914, 7; 11 Oct. 1914, ii, 4; 14 Dec. 1914, 4; 21 Dec. 1914, 6; 27 Dec. 1914, 7. Wall Street Journal, 26 Feb. 1914, 2; 7 Mar. 1914, 3; 5 June 1914, 2; 11 June 1914, 8; 22 June 1914, 2; 1 July 1914, 1; 8 July 1914, 6.
104. See New York Times, 16 Jan. 1914, 6; 19 Jan. 1914, 11; 8 Feb. 1914, viii, 10; 28 Mar. 1914, 12; 9 Apr. 1914, 2, 10; 19 Apr. 1914, ix, 12; 21 Apr. 1914, 10; 4 May 1914, 11; 10 May 1914, ix, 12; 22 May 1914 12; 5 June 1914, 14; 21 June 1914, ii, 3; 30 June 1914, 12; 1 July 1914, 1; 5 July 1914, viii, 8; 19 July 1914, viii, 16; 29 July 1914, 12; 8 Oct. 1914, 7; 11 Oct. 1914, ii, 4; 14 Dec. 1914, 4; 21 Dec. 1914, 6; 27 Dec. 1914, 7. Wall Street Journal, 26 Feb. 1914, 2; 7 Mar. 1914, 3; 5 June 1914, 2; 11 June 1914, 8; 22 June 1914, 2; 1 July 1914, 1; 8 July 1914, 6.
105. See New York Times, 16 Jan. 1914, 6; 19 Jan. 1914, 11; 8 Feb. 1914, viii,
106. 1 June 1916 press release of R. McCulloch, reel 234, Wilson Papers. See also 11 June 1914 letter from W. Hirth to D. Houston, box 130, Agriculture Records.
107. The U.S. exported 67 percent of U.S. raw cotton production in 1913. U.S. Statistical Abstract (Washington, D.C., 1915), 521, 562.
108. See Houston Chronicle, 5 Jan. 1915, 14; 28 Feb., 1915, 39; 14 Mar. 1915, 43; 14 Apr. 1915, 1; 5 May 1915, 1; 1 June 1915, 18; 17 July 1915, 7; 21 July 1915, 6; 24 Aug. 1915, 9; 27 Aug. 1915, 4; 2 Nov. 1915 1; 3 Dec. 1915, 20; 17 Dec. 1915, 16. New York Times, 4 Feb. 1915, 15; 6 Feb. 1915, 15; 12 Feb. 1915, 15; 14 Feb. 1915, 11; 2 Mar. 1915, 11; 29 Apr. 1915, 14; 23 Apr. 1915, 12; 28 Apr. 1915, 3; 8 May 1915, 19; 8 July 1915, 16; 3 Aug. 1915, 13; 15 Aug. 1915, 3; 17 Aug. 1915, 9; 20 Aug. 1915, 20; 24 Aug. 1915, 20; 4 Sept. 1915, 12; 21 Sept. 1915, 1; 13 Oct. 1915, 1; 24 Oct. 1915, 9; 29 Oct. 1915, 18. Wall Street Journal, 14 Jan. 1915, 1; 6 Feb. 1915, 1; 9 Mar 1915, 7; 8 May 1915, 8; 15 June 1915, 2; 3 July 1915, 8; 24 July 1915, 8; 4 Aug. 1915, 8; 26 Aug. 1915, 8; 31 Aug. 1915, 3; 30 Dec. 1915, 3. See also 29 June 1915 letter from Rep. John Williams (D-Miss.) to Wilson, 12 July 1915 letter from A. Leven to Wilson, and 24 July 1915 letter from J. Williams to Wilson, container 1, John Sharp Williams Papers Library of Congress, Manuscript Division [hereafter Williams Papers].
109. See Houston Chronicle, 5 Jan. 1915, 14; 28 Feb., 1915, 39; 14 Mar. 1915, 43; 14 Apr. 1915, 1; 5 May 1915, 1; 1 June 1915, 18; 17 July 1915, 7; 21 July 1915, 6; 24 Aug. 1915, 9; 27 Aug. 1915, 4; 2 Nov. 1915 1; 3 Dec. 1915, 20; 17 Dec. 1915, 16. New York Times, 4 Feb. 1915, 15; 6 Feb. 1915, 15; 12 Feb. 1915, 15; 14 Feb. 1915, 11; 2 Mar. 1915, 11; 29 Apr. 1915, 14; 23 Apr. 1915, 12; 28 Apr. 1915, 3; 8 May 1915, 19; 8 July 1915, 16; 3 Aug. 1915, 13; 15 Aug. 1915, 3; 17 Aug. 1915, 9; 20 Aug. 1915, 20; 24 Aug. 1915, 20; 4 Sept. 1915, 12; 21 Sept. 1915, 1; 13 Oct. 1915, 1; 24 Oct. 1915, 9; 29 Oct. 1915, 18. Wall Street Journal, 14 Jan. 1915, 1; 6 Feb. 1915, 1; 9 Mar 1915, 7; 8 May 1915, 8; 15 June 1915, 2; 3 July 1915, 8; 24 July 1915, 8; 4 Aug. 1915, 8; 26 Aug. 1915, 8; 31 Aug. 1915, 3; 30 Dec. 1915, 3. See also 29 June 1915 letter from Rep. John Williams (D-Miss.) to Wilson, 12 July 1915 letter from A. Leven to Wilson, and 24 July 1915 letter from J. Williams to Wilson, container 1, John Sharp Williams Papers Library of Congress, Manuscript Division [hereafter Williams Papers].
110. See Houston Chronicle, 5 Jan. 1915, 14; 28 Feb., 1915, 39; 14 Mar. 1915, 43; 14 Apr. 1915, 1; 5 May 1915, 1; 1 June 1915, 18; 17 July 1915, 7; 21 July 1915, 6; 24 Aug. 1915, 9; 27 Aug. 1915, 4; 2 Nov. 1915 1; 3 Dec. 1915, 20; 17 Dec. 1915, 16. New York Times, 4 Feb. 1915, 15; 6 Feb. 1915, 15; 12 Feb. 1915, 15; 14 Feb. 1915, 11; 2 Mar. 1915, 11; 29 Apr. 1915, 14; 23 Apr. 1915, 12; 28 Apr. 1915, 3; 8 May 1915, 19; 8 July 1915, 16; 3 Aug. 1915, 13; 15 Aug. 1915, 3; 17 Aug. 1915, 9; 20 Aug. 1915, 20; 24 Aug. 1915, 20; 4 Sept. 1915, 12; 21 Sept. 1915, 1; 13 Oct. 1915, 1; 24 Oct. 1915, 9; 29 Oct. 1915, 18. Wall Street Journal, 14 Jan. 1915, 1; 6 Feb. 1915, 1; 9 Mar 1915, 7; 8 May 1915, 8; 15 June 1915, 2; 3 July 1915, 8; 24 July 1915, 8; 4 Aug. 1915, 8; 26 Aug. 1915, 8; 31 Aug. 1915, 3; 30 Dec. 1915, 3. See also 29 June 1915 letter from Rep. John Williams (D-Miss.) to Wilson, 12 July 1915 letter from A. Leven to Wilson, and 24 July 1915 letter from J. Williams to Wilson, container 1, John Sharp Williams Papers Library of Congress, Manuscript Division [hereafter Williams Papers].
111. See Houston Chronicle, 5 Jan. 1915, 14; 28 Feb., 1915, 39; 14 Mar. 1915, 43; 14 Apr. 1915, 1; 5 May 1915, 1; 1 June 1915, 18; 17 July 1915, 7; 21 July 1915, 6; 24 Aug. 1915, 9; 27 Aug. 1915, 4; 2 Nov. 1915 1; 3 Dec. 1915, 20; 17 Dec. 1915, 16. New York Times, 4 Feb. 1915, 15; 6 Feb. 1915, 15; 12 Feb. 1915, 15; 14 Feb. 1915, 11; 2 Mar. 1915, 11; 29 Apr. 1915, 14; 23 Apr. 1915, 12; 28 Apr. 1915, 3; 8 May 1915, 19; 8 July 1915, 16; 3 Aug. 1915, 13; 15 Aug. 1915, 3; 17 Aug. 1915, 9; 20 Aug. 1915, 20; 24 Aug. 1915, 20; 4 Sept. 1915, 12; 21 Sept. 1915, 1; 13 Oct. 1915, 1; 24 Oct. 1915, 9; 29 Oct. 1915, 18. Wall Street Journal, 14 Jan. 1915, 1; 6 Feb. 1915, 1; 9 Mar 1915, 7; 8 May 1915, 8; 15 June 1915, 2; 3 July 1915, 8; 24 July 1915, 8; 4 Aug. 1915, 8; 26 Aug. 1915, 8; 31 Aug. 1915, 3; 30 Dec. 1915, 3. See also 29 June 1915 letter from Rep. John Williams (D-Miss.) to Wilson, 12 July 1915 letter from A. Leven to Wilson, and 24 July 1915 letter from J. Williams to Wilson, container 1, John Sharp Williams Papers Library of Congress, Manuscript Division [hereafter Williams Papers].
112. See Houston Chronicle, 5 Jan. 1915, 14; 28 Feb., 1915, 39; 14 Mar. 1915, 43; 14 Apr. 1915, 1; 5 May 1915, 1; 1 June 1915, 18; 17 July 1915, 7; 21 July 1915, 6; 24 Aug. 1915, 9; 27 Aug. 1915, 4; 2 Nov. 1915 1; 3 Dec. 1915, 20; 17 Dec. 1915, 16. New York Times, 4 Feb. 1915, 15; 6 Feb. 1915, 15; 12 Feb. 1915, 15; 14 Feb. 1915, 11; 2 Mar. 1915, 11; 29 Apr. 1915, 14; 23 Apr. 1915, 12; 28 Apr. 1915, 3; 8 May 1915, 19; 8 July 1915, 16; 3 Aug. 1915, 13; 15 Aug. 1915, 3; 17 Aug. 1915, 9; 20 Aug. 1915, 20; 24 Aug. 1915, 20; 4 Sept. 1915, 12; 21 Sept. 1915, 1; 13 Oct. 1915, 1; 24 Oct. 1915, 9; 29 Oct. 1915, 18. Wall Street Journal, 14 Jan. 1915, 1; 6 Feb. 1915, 1; 9 Mar 1915, 7; 8 May 1915, 8; 15 June 1915, 2; 3 July 1915, 8; 24 July 1915, 8; 4 Aug. 1915, 8; 26 Aug. 1915, 8; 31 Aug. 1915, 3; 30 Dec. 1915, 3. See also 29 June 1915 letter from Rep. John Williams (D-Miss.) to Wilson, 12 July 1915 letter from A. Leven to Wilson, and 24 July 1915 letter from J. Williams to Wilson, container 1, John Sharp Williams Papers Library of Congress, Manuscript Division [hereafter Williams Papers].
113. See Houston Chronicle, 5 Jan. 1915, 14; 28 Feb., 1915, 39; 14 Mar. 1915, 43; 14 Apr. 1915, 1; 5 May 1915, 1; 1 June 1915, 18; 17 July 1915, 7; 21 July 1915, 6; 24 Aug. 1915, 9; 27 Aug. 1915, 4; 2 Nov. 1915 1; 3 Dec. 1915, 20; 17 Dec. 1915, 16. New York Times, 4 Feb. 1915, 15; 6 Feb. 1915, 15; 12 Feb. 1915, 15; 14 Feb. 1915, 11; 2 Mar. 1915, 11; 29 Apr. 1915, 14; 23 Apr. 1915, 12; 28 Apr. 1915, 3; 8 May 1915, 19; 8 July 1915, 16; 3 Aug. 1915, 13; 15 Aug. 1915, 3; 17 Aug. 1915, 9; 20 Aug. 1915, 20; 24 Aug. 1915, 20; 4 Sept. 1915, 12; 21 Sept. 1915, 1; 13 Oct. 1915, 1; 24 Oct. 1915, 9; 29 Oct. 1915, 18. Wall Street Journal, 14 Jan. 1915, 1; 6 Feb. 1915, 1; 9 Mar 1915, 7; 8 May 1915, 8; 15 June 1915, 2; 3 July 1915, 8; 24 July 1915, 8; 4 Aug. 1915, 8; 26 Aug. 1915, 8; 31 Aug. 1915, 3; 30 Dec. 1915, 3. See also 29 June 1915 letter from Rep. John Williams (D-Miss.) to Wilson, 12 July 1915 letter from A. Leven to Wilson, and 24 July 1915 letter from J. Williams to Wilson, container 1, John Sharp Williams Papers Library of Congress, Manuscript Division [hereafter Williams Papers].
114. See Houston Chronicle, 5 Jan. 1915, 14; 28 Feb., 1915, 39; 14 Mar. 1915, 43; 14 Apr. 1915, 1; 5 May 1915, 1; 1 June 1915, 18; 17 July 1915, 7; 21 July 1915, 6; 24 Aug. 1915, 9; 27 Aug. 1915, 4; 2 Nov. 1915 1; 3 Dec. 1915, 20; 17 Dec. 1915, 16. New York Times, 4 Feb. 1915, 15; 6 Feb. 1915, 15; 12 Feb. 1915, 15; 14 Feb. 1915, 11; 2 Mar. 1915, 11; 29 Apr. 1915, 14; 23 Apr. 1915, 12; 28 Apr. 1915, 3; 8 May 1915, 19; 8 July 1915, 16; 3 Aug. 1915, 13; 15 Aug. 1915, 3; 17 Aug. 1915, 9; 20 Aug. 1915, 20; 24 Aug. 1915, 20; 4 Sept. 1915, 12; 21 Sept. 1915, 1; 13 Oct. 1915, 1; 24 Oct. 1915, 9; 29 Oct. 1915, 18. Wall Street Journal, 14 Jan. 1915, 1; 6 Feb. 1915, 1; 9 Mar 1915, 7; 8 May 1915, 8; 15 June 1915, 2; 3 July 1915, 8; 24 July 1915, 8; 4 Aug. 1915, 8; 26 Aug. 1915, 8; 31 Aug. 1915, 3; 30 Dec. 1915, 3. See also 29 June 1915 letter from Rep. John Williams (D-Miss.) to Wilson, 12 July 1915 letter from A. Leven to Wilson, and 24 July 1915 letter from J. Williams to Wilson, container 1, John Sharp Williams Papers Library of Congress, Manuscript Division [hereafter Williams Papers].
115. See Houston Chronicle, 5 Jan. 1915, 14; 28 Feb., 1915, 39; 14 Mar. 1915, 43; 14 Apr. 1915, 1; 5 May 1915, 1; 1 June 1915, 18; 17 July 1915, 7; 21 July 1915, 6; 24 Aug. 1915, 9; 27 Aug. 1915, 4; 2 Nov. 1915 1; 3 Dec. 1915, 20; 17 Dec. 1915, 16. New York Times, 4 Feb. 1915, 15; 6 Feb. 1915, 15; 12 Feb. 1915, 15; 14 Feb. 1915, 11; 2 Mar. 1915, 11; 29 Apr. 1915, 14; 23 Apr. 1915, 12; 28 Apr. 1915, 3; 8 May 1915, 19; 8 July 1915, 16; 3 Aug. 1915, 13; 15 Aug. 1915, 3; 17 Aug. 1915, 9; 20 Aug. 1915, 20; 24 Aug. 1915, 20; 4 Sept. 1915, 12; 21 Sept. 1915, 1; 13 Oct. 1915, 1; 24 Oct. 1915, 9; 29 Oct. 1915, 18. Wall Street Journal, 14 Jan. 1915, 1; 6 Feb. 1915, 1; 9 Mar 1915, 7; 8 May 1915, 8; 15 June 1915, 2; 3 July 1915, 8; 24 July 1915, 8; 4 Aug. 1915, 8; 26 Aug. 1915, 8; 31 Aug. 1915, 3; 30 Dec. 1915, 3. See also 29 June 1915 letter from Rep. John Williams (D-Miss.) to Wilson, 12 July 1915 letter from A. Leven to Wilson, and 24 July 1915 letter from J. Williams to Wilson, container 1, John Sharp Williams Papers Library of Congress, Manuscript Division [hereafter Williams Papers].
116. See Houston Chronicle, 5 Jan. 1915, 14; 28 Feb., 1915, 39; 14 Mar. 1915, 43; 14 Apr. 1915, 1; 5 May 1915, 1; 1 June 1915, 18; 17 July 1915, 7; 21 July 1915, 6; 24 Aug. 1915, 9; 27 Aug. 1915, 4; 2 Nov. 1915 1; 3 Dec. 1915, 20; 17 Dec. 1915, 16. New York Times, 4 Feb. 1915, 15; 6 Feb. 1915, 15; 12 Feb. 1915, 15; 14 Feb. 1915, 11; 2 Mar. 1915, 11; 29 Apr. 1915, 14; 23 Apr. 1915, 12; 28 Apr. 1915, 3; 8 May 1915, 19; 8 July 1915, 16; 3 Aug. 1915, 13; 15 Aug. 1915, 3; 17 Aug. 1915, 9; 20 Aug. 1915, 20; 24 Aug. 1915, 20; 4 Sept. 1915, 12; 21 Sept. 1915, 1; 13 Oct. 1915, 1; 24 Oct. 1915, 9; 29 Oct. 1915, 18. Wall Street Journal, 14 Jan. 1915, 1; 6 Feb. 1915, 1; 9 Mar 1915, 7; 8 May 1915, 8; 15 June 1915, 2; 3 July 1915, 8; 24 July 1915, 8; 4 Aug. 1915, 8; 26 Aug. 1915, 8; 31 Aug. 1915, 3; 30 Dec. 1915, 3. See also 29 June 1915 letter from Rep. John Williams (D-Miss.) to Wilson, 12 July 1915 letter from A. Leven to Wilson, and 24 July 1915 letter from J. Williams to Wilson, container 1, John Sharp Williams Papers Library of Congress, Manuscript Division [hereafter Williams Papers].
117. See Houston Chronicle, 5 Jan. 1915, 14; 28 Feb., 1915, 39; 14 Mar. 1915, 43; 14 Apr. 1915, 1; 5 May 1915, 1; 1 June 1915, 18; 17 July 1915, 7; 21 July 1915, 6; 24 Aug. 1915, 9; 27 Aug. 1915, 4; 2 Nov. 1915 1; 3 Dec. 1915, 20; 17 Dec. 1915, 16. New York Times, 4 Feb. 1915, 15; 6 Feb. 1915, 15; 12 Feb. 1915, 15; 14 Feb. 1915, 11; 2 Mar. 1915, 11; 29 Apr. 1915, 14; 23 Apr. 1915, 12; 28 Apr. 1915, 3; 8 May 1915, 19; 8 July 1915, 16; 3 Aug. 1915, 13; 15 Aug. 1915, 3; 17 Aug. 1915, 9; 20 Aug. 1915, 20; 24 Aug. 1915, 20; 4 Sept. 1915, 12; 21 Sept. 1915, 1; 13 Oct. 1915, 1; 24 Oct. 1915, 9; 29 Oct. 1915, 18. Wall Street Journal, 14 Jan. 1915, 1; 6 Feb. 1915, 1; 9 Mar 1915, 7; 8 May 1915, 8; 15 June 1915, 2; 3 July 1915, 8; 24 July 1915, 8; 4 Aug. 1915, 8; 26 Aug. 1915, 8; 31 Aug. 1915, 3; 30 Dec. 1915, 3. See also 29 June 1915 letter from Rep. John Williams (D-Miss.) to Wilson, 12 July 1915 letter from A. Leven to Wilson, and 24 July 1915 letter from J. Williams to Wilson, container 1, John Sharp Williams Papers Library of Congress, Manuscript Division [hereafter Williams Papers].
118. See Houston Chronicle, 5 Jan. 1915, 14; 28 Feb., 1915, 39; 14 Mar. 1915, 43; 14 Apr. 1915, 1; 5 May 1915, 1; 1 June 1915, 18; 17 July 1915, 7; 21 July 1915, 6; 24 Aug. 1915, 9; 27 Aug. 1915, 4; 2 Nov. 1915 1; 3 Dec. 1915, 20; 17 Dec. 1915, 16. New York Times, 4 Feb. 1915, 15; 6 Feb. 1915, 15; 12 Feb. 1915, 15; 14 Feb. 1915, 11; 2 Mar. 1915, 11; 29 Apr. 1915, 14; 23 Apr. 1915, 12; 28 Apr. 1915, 3; 8 May 1915, 19; 8 July 1915, 16; 3 Aug. 1915, 13; 15 Aug. 1915, 3; 17 Aug. 1915, 9; 20 Aug. 1915, 20; 24 Aug. 1915, 20; 4 Sept. 1915, 12; 21 Sept. 1915, 1; 13 Oct. 1915, 1; 24 Oct. 1915, 9; 29 Oct. 1915, 18. Wall Street Journal, 14 Jan. 1915, 1; 6 Feb. 1915, 1; 9 Mar 1915, 7; 8 May 1915, 8; 15 June 1915, 2; 3 July 1915, 8; 24 July 1915, 8; 4 Aug. 1915, 8; 26 Aug. 1915, 8; 31 Aug. 1915, 3; 30 Dec. 1915, 3. See also 29 June 1915 letter from Rep. John Williams (D-Miss.) to Wilson, 12 July 1915 letter from A. Leven to Wilson, and 24 July 1915 letter from J. Williams to Wilson, container 1, John Sharp Williams Papers Library of Congress, Manuscript Division [hereafter Williams Papers].
119. See Houston Chronicle, 5 Jan. 1915, 14; 28 Feb., 1915, 39; 14 Mar. 1915, 43; 14 Apr. 1915, 1; 5 May 1915, 1; 1 June 1915, 18; 17 July 1915, 7; 21 July 1915, 6; 24 Aug. 1915, 9; 27 Aug. 1915, 4; 2 Nov. 1915 1; 3 Dec. 1915, 20; 17 Dec. 1915, 16. New York Times, 4 Feb. 1915, 15; 6 Feb. 1915, 15; 12 Feb. 1915, 15; 14 Feb. 1915, 11; 2 Mar. 1915, 11; 29 Apr. 1915, 14; 23 Apr. 1915, 12; 28 Apr. 1915, 3; 8 May 1915, 19; 8 July 1915, 16; 3 Aug. 1915, 13; 15 Aug. 1915, 3; 17 Aug. 1915, 9; 20 Aug. 1915, 20; 24 Aug. 1915, 20; 4 Sept. 1915, 12; 21 Sept. 1915, 1; 13 Oct. 1915, 1; 24 Oct. 1915, 9; 29 Oct. 1915, 18. Wall Street Journal, 14 Jan. 1915, 1; 6 Feb. 1915, 1; 9 Mar 1915, 7; 8 May 1915, 8; 15 June 1915, 2; 3 July 1915, 8; 24 July 1915, 8; 4 Aug. 1915, 8; 26 Aug. 1915, 8; 31 Aug. 1915, 3; 30 Dec. 1915, 3. See also 29 June 1915 letter from Rep. John Williams (D-Miss.) to Wilson, 12 July 1915 letter from A. Leven to Wilson, and 24 July 1915 letter from J. Williams to Wilson, container 1, John Sharp Williams Papers Library of Congress, Manuscript Division [hereafter Williams Papers].
120. See Houston Chronicle, 5 Jan. 1915, 14; 28 Feb., 1915, 39; 14 Mar. 1915, 43; 14 Apr. 1915, 1; 5 May 1915, 1; 1 June 1915, 18; 17 July 1915, 7; 21 July 1915, 6; 24 Aug. 1915, 9; 27 Aug. 1915, 4; 2 Nov. 1915 1; 3 Dec. 1915, 20; 17 Dec. 1915, 16. New York Times, 4 Feb. 1915, 15; 6 Feb. 1915, 15; 12 Feb. 1915, 15; 14 Feb. 1915, 11; 2 Mar. 1915, 11; 29 Apr. 1915, 14; 23 Apr. 1915, 12; 28 Apr. 1915, 3; 8 May 1915, 19; 8 July 1915, 16; 3 Aug. 1915, 13; 15 Aug. 1915, 3; 17 Aug. 1915, 9; 20 Aug. 1915, 20; 24 Aug. 1915, 20; 4 Sept. 1915, 12; 21 Sept. 1915, 1; 13 Oct. 1915, 1; 24 Oct. 1915, 9; 29 Oct. 1915, 18. Wall Street Journal, 14 Jan. 1915, 1; 6 Feb. 1915, 1; 9 Mar 1915, 7; 8 May 1915, 8; 15 June 1915, 2; 3 July 1915, 8; 24 July 1915, 8; 4 Aug. 1915, 8; 26 Aug. 1915, 8; 31 Aug. 1915, 3; 30 Dec. 1915, 3. See also 29 June 1915 letter from Rep. John Williams (D-Miss.) to Wilson, 12 July 1915 letter from A. Leven to Wilson, and 24 July 1915 letter from J. Williams to Wilson, container 1, John Sharp Williams Papers Library of Congress, Manuscript Division [hereafter Williams Papers].
121. See Houston Chronicle, 5 Jan. 1915, 14; 28 Feb., 1915, 39; 14 Mar. 1915, 43; 14 Apr. 1915, 1; 5 May 1915, 1; 1 June 1915, 18; 17 July 1915, 7; 21 July 1915, 6; 24 Aug. 1915, 9; 27 Aug. 1915, 4; 2 Nov. 1915 1; 3 Dec. 1915, 20; 17 Dec. 1915, 16. New York Times, 4 Feb. 1915, 15; 6 Feb. 1915, 15; 12 Feb. 1915, 15; 14 Feb. 1915, 11; 2 Mar. 1915, 11; 29 Apr. 1915, 14; 23 Apr. 1915, 12; 28 Apr. 1915, 3; 8 May 1915, 19; 8 July 1915, 16; 3 Aug. 1915, 13; 15 Aug. 1915, 3; 17 Aug. 1915, 9; 20 Aug. 1915, 20; 24 Aug. 1915, 20; 4 Sept. 1915, 12; 21 Sept. 1915, 1; 13 Oct. 1915, 1; 24 Oct. 1915, 9; 29 Oct. 1915, 18. Wall Street Journal, 14 Jan. 1915, 1; 6 Feb. 1915, 1; 9 Mar 1915, 7; 8 May 1915, 8; 15 June 1915, 2; 3 July 1915, 8; 24 July 1915, 8; 4 Aug. 1915, 8; 26 Aug. 1915, 8; 31 Aug. 1915, 3; 30 Dec. 1915, 3. See also 29 June 1915 letter from Rep. John Williams (D-Miss.) to Wilson, 12 July 1915 letter from A. Leven to Wilson, and 24 July 1915 letter from J. Williams to Wilson, container 1, John Sharp Williams Papers Library of Congress, Manuscript Division [hereafter Williams Papers].
122. See Houston Chronicle, 5 Jan. 1915, 14; 28 Feb., 1915, 39; 14 Mar. 1915, 43; 14 Apr. 1915, 1; 5 May 1915, 1; 1 June 1915, 18; 17 July 1915, 7; 21 July 1915, 6; 24 Aug. 1915, 9; 27 Aug. 1915, 4; 2 Nov. 1915 1; 3 Dec. 1915, 20; 17 Dec. 1915, 16. New York Times, 4 Feb. 1915, 15; 6 Feb. 1915, 15; 12 Feb. 1915, 15; 14 Feb. 1915, 11; 2 Mar. 1915, 11; 29 Apr. 1915, 14; 23 Apr. 1915, 12; 28 Apr. 1915, 3; 8 May 1915, 19; 8 July 1915, 16; 3 Aug. 1915, 13; 15 Aug. 1915, 3; 17 Aug. 1915, 9; 20 Aug. 1915, 20; 24 Aug. 1915, 20; 4 Sept. 1915, 12; 21 Sept. 1915, 1; 13 Oct. 1915, 1; 24 Oct. 1915, 9; 29 Oct. 1915, 18. Wall Street Journal, 14 Jan. 1915, 1; 6 Feb. 1915, 1; 9 Mar 1915, 7; 8 May 1915, 8; 15 June 1915, 2; 3 July 1915, 8; 24 July 1915, 8; 4 Aug. 1915, 8; 26 Aug. 1915, 8; 31 Aug. 1915, 3; 30 Dec. 1915, 3. See also 29 June 1915 letter from Rep. John Williams (D-Miss.) to Wilson, 12 July 1915 letter from A. Leven to Wilson, and 24 July 1915 letter from J. Williams to Wilson, container 1, John Sharp Williams Papers Library of Congress, Manuscript Division [hereafter Williams Papers].
123. See Houston Chronicle, 5 Jan. 1915, 14; 28 Feb., 1915, 39; 14 Mar. 1915, 43; 14 Apr. 1915, 1; 5 May 1915, 1; 1 June 1915, 18; 17 July 1915, 7; 21 July 1915, 6; 24 Aug. 1915, 9; 27 Aug. 1915, 4; 2 Nov. 1915 1; 3 Dec. 1915, 20; 17 Dec. 1915, 16. New York Times, 4 Feb. 1915, 15; 6 Feb. 1915, 15; 12 Feb. 1915, 15; 14 Feb. 1915, 11; 2 Mar. 1915, 11; 29 Apr. 1915, 14; 23 Apr. 1915, 12; 28 Apr. 1915, 3; 8 May 1915, 19; 8 July 1915, 16; 3 Aug. 1915, 13; 15 Aug. 1915, 3; 17 Aug. 1915, 9; 20 Aug. 1915, 20; 24 Aug. 1915, 20; 4 Sept. 1915, 12; 21 Sept. 1915, 1; 13 Oct. 1915, 1; 24 Oct. 1915, 9; 29 Oct. 1915, 18. Wall Street Journal, 14 Jan. 1915, 1; 6 Feb. 1915, 1; 9 Mar 1915, 7; 8 May 1915, 8; 15 June 1915, 2; 3 July 1915, 8; 24 July 1915, 8; 4 Aug. 1915, 8; 26 Aug. 1915, 8; 31 Aug. 1915, 3; 30 Dec. 1915, 3. See also 29 June 1915 letter from Rep. John Williams (D-Miss.) to Wilson, 12 July 1915 letter from A. Leven to Wilson, and 24 July 1915 letter from J. Williams to Wilson, container 1, John Sharp Williams Papers Library of Congress, Manuscript Division [hereafter Williams Papers].
124. See Houston Chronicle, 5 Jan. 1915, 14; 28 Feb., 1915, 39; 14 Mar. 1915, 43; 14 Apr. 1915, 1; 5 May 1915, 1; 1 June 1915, 18; 17 July 1915, 7; 21 July 1915, 6; 24 Aug. 1915, 9; 27 Aug. 1915, 4; 2 Nov. 1915 1; 3 Dec. 1915, 20; 17 Dec. 1915, 16. New York Times, 4 Feb. 1915, 15; 6 Feb. 1915, 15; 12 Feb. 1915, 15; 14 Feb. 1915, 11; 2 Mar. 1915, 11; 29 Apr. 1915, 14; 23 Apr. 1915, 12; 28 Apr. 1915, 3; 8 May 1915, 19; 8 July 1915, 16; 3 Aug. 1915, 13; 15 Aug. 1915, 3; 17 Aug. 1915, 9; 20 Aug. 1915, 20; 24 Aug. 1915, 20; 4 Sept. 1915, 12; 21 Sept. 1915, 1; 13 Oct. 1915, 1; 24 Oct. 1915, 9; 29 Oct. 1915, 18. Wall Street Journal, 14 Jan. 1915, 1; 6 Feb. 1915, 1; 9 Mar 1915, 7; 8 May 1915, 8; 15 June 1915, 2; 3 July 1915, 8; 24 July 1915, 8; 4 Aug. 1915, 8; 26 Aug. 1915, 8; 31 Aug. 1915, 3; 30 Dec. 1915, 3. See also 29 June 1915 letter from Rep. John Williams (D-Miss.) to Wilson, 12 July 1915 letter from A. Leven to Wilson, and 24 July 1915 letter from J. Williams to Wilson, container 1, John Sharp Williams Papers Library of Congress, Manuscript Division [hereafter Williams Papers].
125. See Houston Chronicle, 5 Jan. 1915, 14; 28 Feb., 1915, 39; 14 Mar. 1915, 43; 14 Apr. 1915, 1; 5 May 1915, 1; 1 June 1915, 18; 17 July 1915, 7; 21 July 1915, 6; 24 Aug. 1915, 9; 27 Aug. 1915, 4; 2 Nov. 1915 1; 3 Dec. 1915, 20; 17 Dec. 1915, 16. New York Times, 4 Feb. 1915, 15; 6 Feb. 1915, 15; 12 Feb. 1915, 15; 14 Feb. 1915, 11; 2 Mar. 1915, 11; 29 Apr. 1915, 14; 23 Apr. 1915, 12; 28 Apr. 1915, 3; 8 May 1915, 19; 8 July 1915, 16; 3 Aug. 1915, 13; 15 Aug. 1915, 3; 17 Aug. 1915, 9; 20 Aug. 1915, 20; 24 Aug. 1915, 20; 4 Sept. 1915, 12; 21 Sept. 1915, 1; 13 Oct. 1915, 1; 24 Oct. 1915, 9; 29 Oct. 1915, 18. Wall Street Journal, 14 Jan. 1915, 1; 6 Feb. 1915, 1; 9 Mar 1915, 7; 8 May 1915, 8; 15 June 1915, 2; 3 July 1915, 8; 24 July 1915, 8; 4 Aug. 1915, 8; 26 Aug. 1915, 8; 31 Aug. 1915, 3; 30 Dec. 1915, 3. See also 29 June 1915 letter from Rep. John Williams (D-Miss.) to Wilson, 12 July 1915 letter from A. Leven to Wilson, and 24 July 1915 letter from J. Williams to Wilson, container 1, John Sharp Williams Papers Library of Congress, Manuscript Division [hereafter Williams Papers].
126. See Houston Chronicle, 5 Jan. 1915, 14; 28 Feb., 1915, 39; 14 Mar. 1915, 43; 14 Apr. 1915, 1; 5 May 1915, 1; 1 June 1915, 18; 17 July 1915, 7; 21 July 1915, 6; 24 Aug. 1915, 9; 27 Aug. 1915, 4; 2 Nov. 1915 1; 3 Dec. 1915, 20; 17 Dec. 1915, 16. New York Times, 4 Feb. 1915, 15; 6 Feb. 1915, 15; 12 Feb. 1915, 15; 14 Feb. 1915, 11; 2 Mar. 1915, 11; 29 Apr. 1915, 14; 23 Apr. 1915, 12; 28 Apr. 1915, 3; 8 May 1915, 19; 8 July 1915, 16; 3 Aug. 1915, 13; 15 Aug. 1915, 3; 17 Aug. 1915, 9; 20 Aug. 1915, 20; 24 Aug. 1915, 20; 4 Sept. 1915, 12; 21 Sept. 1915, 1; 13 Oct. 1915, 1; 24 Oct. 1915, 9; 29 Oct. 1915, 18. Wall Street Journal, 14 Jan. 1915, 1; 6 Feb. 1915, 1; 9 Mar 1915, 7; 8 May 1915, 8; 15 June 1915, 2; 3 July 1915, 8; 24 July 1915, 8; 4 Aug. 1915, 8; 26 Aug. 1915, 8; 31 Aug. 1915, 3; 30 Dec. 1915, 3. See also 29 June 1915 letter from Rep. John Williams (D-Miss.) to Wilson, 12 July 1915 letter from A. Leven to Wilson, and 24 July 1915 letter from J. Williams to Wilson, container 1, John Sharp Williams Papers Library of Congress, Manuscript Division [hereafter Williams Papers].
127. See Houston Chronicle, 5 Jan. 1915, 14; 28 Feb., 1915, 39; 14 Mar. 1915, 43; 14 Apr. 1915, 1; 5 May 1915, 1; 1 June 1915, 18; 17 July 1915, 7; 21 July 1915, 6; 24 Aug. 1915, 9; 27 Aug. 1915, 4; 2 Nov. 1915 1; 3 Dec. 1915, 20; 17 Dec. 1915, 16. New York Times, 4 Feb. 1915, 15; 6 Feb. 1915, 15; 12 Feb. 1915, 15; 14 Feb. 1915, 11; 2 Mar. 1915, 11; 29 Apr. 1915, 14; 23 Apr. 1915, 12; 28 Apr. 1915, 3; 8 May 1915, 19; 8 July 1915, 16; 3 Aug. 1915, 13; 15 Aug. 1915, 3; 17 Aug. 1915, 9; 20 Aug. 1915, 20; 24 Aug. 1915, 20; 4 Sept. 1915, 12; 21 Sept. 1915, 1; 13 Oct. 1915, 1; 24 Oct. 1915, 9; 29 Oct. 1915, 18. Wall Street Journal, 14 Jan. 1915, 1; 6 Feb. 1915, 1; 9 Mar 1915, 7; 8 May 1915, 8; 15 June 1915, 2; 3 July 1915, 8; 24 July 1915, 8; 4 Aug. 1915, 8; 26 Aug. 1915, 8; 31 Aug. 1915, 3; 30 Dec. 1915, 3. See also 29 June 1915 letter from Rep. John Williams (D-Miss.) to Wilson, 12 July 1915 letter from A. Leven to Wilson, and 24 July 1915 letter from J. Williams to Wilson, container 1, John Sharp Williams Papers Library of Congress, Manuscript Division [hereafter Williams Papers].
128. See Houston Chronicle, 5 Jan. 1915, 14; 28 Feb., 1915, 39; 14 Mar. 1915, 43; 14 Apr. 1915, 1; 5 May 1915, 1; 1 June 1915, 18; 17 July 1915, 7; 21 July 1915, 6; 24 Aug. 1915, 9; 27 Aug. 1915, 4; 2 Nov. 1915 1; 3 Dec. 1915, 20; 17 Dec. 1915, 16. New York Times, 4 Feb. 1915, 15; 6 Feb. 1915, 15; 12 Feb. 1915, 15; 14 Feb. 1915, 11; 2 Mar. 1915, 11; 29 Apr. 1915, 14; 23 Apr. 1915, 12; 28 Apr. 1915, 3; 8 May 1915, 19; 8 July 1915, 16; 3 Aug. 1915, 13; 15 Aug. 1915, 3; 17 Aug. 1915, 9; 20 Aug. 1915, 20; 24 Aug. 1915, 20; 4 Sept. 1915, 12; 21 Sept. 1915, 1; 13 Oct. 1915, 1; 24 Oct. 1915, 9; 29 Oct. 1915, 18. Wall Street Journal, 14 Jan. 1915, 1; 6 Feb. 1915, 1; 9 Mar 1915, 7; 8 May 1915, 8; 15 June 1915, 2; 3 July 1915, 8; 24 July 1915, 8; 4 Aug. 1915, 8; 26 Aug. 1915, 8; 31 Aug. 1915, 3; 30 Dec. 1915, 3. See also 29 June 1915 letter from Rep. John Williams (D-Miss.) to Wilson, 12 July 1915 letter from A. Leven to Wilson, and 24 July 1915 letter from J. Williams to Wilson, container 1, John Sharp Williams Papers Library of Congress, Manuscript Division [hereafter Williams Papers].
129. See Houston Chronicle, 5 Jan. 1915, 14; 28 Feb., 1915, 39; 14 Mar. 1915, 43; 14 Apr. 1915, 1; 5 May 1915, 1; 1 June 1915, 18; 17 July 1915, 7; 21 July 1915, 6; 24 Aug. 1915, 9; 27 Aug. 1915, 4; 2 Nov. 1915 1; 3 Dec. 1915, 20; 17 Dec. 1915, 16. New York Times, 4 Feb. 1915, 15; 6 Feb. 1915, 15; 12 Feb. 1915, 15; 14 Feb. 1915, 11; 2 Mar. 1915, 11; 29 Apr. 1915, 14; 23 Apr. 1915, 12; 28 Apr. 1915, 3; 8 May 1915, 19; 8 July 1915, 16; 3 Aug. 1915, 13; 15 Aug. 1915, 3; 17 Aug. 1915, 9; 20 Aug. 1915, 20; 24 Aug. 1915, 20; 4 Sept. 1915, 12; 21 Sept. 1915, 1; 13 Oct. 1915, 1; 24 Oct. 1915, 9; 29 Oct. 1915, 18. Wall Street Journal, 14 Jan. 1915, 1; 6 Feb. 1915, 1; 9 Mar 1915, 7; 8 May 1915, 8; 15 June 1915, 2; 3 July 1915, 8; 24 July 1915, 8; 4 Aug. 1915, 8; 26 Aug. 1915, 8; 31 Aug. 1915, 3; 30 Dec. 1915, 3. See also 29 June 1915 letter from Rep. John Williams (D-Miss.) to Wilson, 12 July 1915 letter from A. Leven to Wilson, and 24 July 1915 letter from J. Williams to Wilson, container 1, John Sharp Williams Papers Library of Congress, Manuscript Division [hereafter Williams Papers].
130. See Houston Chronicle, 5 Jan. 1915, 14; 28 Feb., 1915, 39; 14 Mar. 1915, 43; 14 Apr. 1915, 1; 5 May 1915, 1; 1 June 1915, 18; 17 July 1915, 7; 21 July 1915, 6; 24 Aug. 1915, 9; 27 Aug. 1915, 4; 2 Nov. 1915 1; 3 Dec. 1915, 20; 17 Dec. 1915, 16. New York Times, 4 Feb. 1915, 15; 6 Feb. 1915, 15; 12 Feb. 1915, 15; 14 Feb. 1915, 11; 2 Mar. 1915, 11; 29 Apr. 1915, 14; 23 Apr. 1915, 12; 28 Apr. 1915, 3; 8 May 1915, 19; 8 July 1915, 16; 3 Aug. 1915, 13; 15 Aug. 1915, 3; 17 Aug. 1915, 9; 20 Aug. 1915, 20; 24 Aug. 1915, 20; 4 Sept. 1915, 12; 21 Sept. 1915, 1; 13 Oct. 1915, 1; 24 Oct. 1915, 9; 29 Oct. 1915, 18. Wall Street Journal, 14 Jan. 1915, 1; 6 Feb. 1915, 1; 9 Mar 1915, 7; 8 May 1915, 8; 15 June 1915, 2; 3 July 1915, 8; 24 July 1915, 8; 4 Aug. 1915, 8; 26 Aug. 1915, 8; 31 Aug. 1915, 3; 30 Dec. 1915, 3. See also 29 June 1915 letter from Rep. John Williams (D-Miss.) to Wilson, 12 July 1915 letter from A. Leven to Wilson, and 24 July 1915 letter from J. Williams to Wilson, container 1, John Sharp Williams Papers Library of Congress, Manuscript Division [hereafter Williams Papers].
131. See Houston Chronicle, 5 Jan. 1915, 14; 28 Feb., 1915, 39; 14 Mar. 1915, 43; 14 Apr. 1915, 1; 5 May 1915, 1; 1 June 1915, 18; 17 July 1915, 7; 21 July 1915, 6; 24 Aug. 1915, 9; 27 Aug. 1915, 4; 2 Nov. 1915 1; 3 Dec. 1915, 20; 17 Dec. 1915, 16. New York Times, 4 Feb. 1915, 15; 6 Feb. 1915, 15; 12 Feb. 1915, 15; 14 Feb. 1915, 11; 2 Mar. 1915, 11; 29 Apr. 1915, 14; 23 Apr. 1915, 12; 28 Apr. 1915, 3; 8 May 1915, 19; 8 July 1915, 16; 3 Aug. 1915, 13; 15 Aug. 1915, 3; 17 Aug. 1915, 9; 20 Aug. 1915, 20; 24 Aug. 1915, 20; 4 Sept. 1915, 12; 21 Sept. 1915, 1; 13 Oct. 1915, 1; 24 Oct. 1915, 9; 29 Oct. 1915, 18. Wall Street Journal, 14 Jan. 1915, 1; 6 Feb. 1915, 1; 9 Mar 1915, 7; 8 May 1915, 8; 15 June 1915, 2; 3 July 1915, 8; 24 July 1915, 8; 4 Aug. 1915, 8; 26 Aug. 1915, 8; 31 Aug. 1915, 3; 30 Dec. 1915, 3. See also 29 June 1915 letter from Rep. John Williams (D-Miss.) to Wilson, 12 July 1915 letter from A. Leven to Wilson, and 24 July 1915 letter from J. Williams to Wilson, container 1, John Sharp Williams Papers Library of Congress, Manuscript Division [hereafter Williams Papers].
132. See Houston Chronicle, 5 Jan. 1915, 14; 28 Feb., 1915, 39; 14 Mar. 1915, 43; 14 Apr. 1915, 1; 5 May 1915, 1; 1 June 1915, 18; 17 July 1915, 7; 21 July 1915, 6; 24 Aug. 1915, 9; 27 Aug. 1915, 4; 2 Nov. 1915 1; 3 Dec. 1915, 20; 17 Dec. 1915, 16. New York Times, 4 Feb. 1915, 15; 6 Feb. 1915, 15; 12 Feb. 1915, 15; 14 Feb. 1915, 11; 2 Mar. 1915, 11; 29 Apr. 1915, 14; 23 Apr. 1915, 12; 28 Apr. 1915, 3; 8 May 1915, 19; 8 July 1915, 16; 3 Aug. 1915, 13; 15 Aug. 1915, 3; 17 Aug. 1915, 9; 20 Aug. 1915, 20; 24 Aug. 1915, 20; 4 Sept. 1915, 12; 21 Sept. 1915, 1; 13 Oct. 1915, 1; 24 Oct. 1915, 9; 29 Oct. 1915, 18. Wall Street Journal, 14 Jan. 1915, 1; 6 Feb. 1915, 1; 9 Mar 1915, 7; 8 May 1915, 8; 15 June 1915, 2; 3 July 1915, 8; 24 July 1915, 8; 4 Aug. 1915, 8; 26 Aug. 1915, 8; 31 Aug. 1915, 3; 30 Dec. 1915, 3. See also 29 June 1915 letter from Rep. John Williams (D-Miss.) to Wilson, 12 July 1915 letter from A. Leven to Wilson, and 24 July 1915 letter from J. Williams to Wilson, container 1, John Sharp Williams Papers Library of Congress, Manuscript Division [hereafter Williams Papers].
133. See Houston Chronicle, 5 Jan. 1915, 14; 28 Feb., 1915, 39; 14 Mar. 1915, 43; 14 Apr. 1915, 1; 5 May 1915, 1; 1 June 1915, 18; 17 July 1915, 7; 21 July 1915, 6; 24 Aug. 1915, 9; 27 Aug. 1915, 4; 2 Nov. 1915 1; 3 Dec. 1915, 20; 17 Dec. 1915, 16. New York Times, 4 Feb. 1915, 15; 6 Feb. 1915, 15; 12 Feb. 1915, 15; 14 Feb. 1915, 11; 2 Mar. 1915, 11; 29 Apr. 1915, 14; 23 Apr. 1915, 12; 28 Apr. 1915, 3; 8 May 1915, 19; 8 July 1915, 16; 3 Aug. 1915, 13; 15 Aug. 1915, 3; 17 Aug. 1915, 9; 20 Aug. 1915, 20; 24 Aug. 1915, 20; 4 Sept. 1915, 12; 21 Sept. 1915, 1; 13 Oct. 1915, 1; 24 Oct. 1915, 9; 29 Oct. 1915, 18. Wall Street Journal, 14 Jan. 1915, 1; 6 Feb. 1915, 1; 9 Mar 1915, 7; 8 May 1915, 8; 15 June 1915, 2; 3 July 1915, 8; 24 July 1915, 8; 4 Aug. 1915, 8; 26 Aug. 1915, 8; 31 Aug. 1915, 3; 30 Dec. 1915, 3. See also 29 June 1915 letter from Rep. John Williams (D-Miss.) to Wilson, 12 July 1915 letter from A. Leven to Wilson, and 24 July 1915 letter from J. Williams to Wilson, container 1, John Sharp Williams Papers Library of Congress, Manuscript Division [hereafter Williams Papers].
134. See Houston Chronicle, 5 Jan. 1915, 14; 28 Feb., 1915, 39; 14 Mar. 1915, 43; 14 Apr. 1915, 1; 5 May 1915, 1; 1 June 1915, 18; 17 July 1915, 7; 21 July 1915, 6; 24 Aug. 1915, 9; 27 Aug. 1915, 4; 2 Nov. 1915 1; 3 Dec. 1915, 20; 17 Dec. 1915, 16. New York Times, 4 Feb. 1915, 15; 6 Feb. 1915, 15; 12 Feb. 1915, 15; 14 Feb. 1915, 11; 2 Mar. 1915, 11; 29 Apr. 1915, 14; 23 Apr. 1915, 12; 28 Apr. 1915, 3; 8 May 1915, 19; 8 July 1915, 16; 3 Aug. 1915, 13; 15 Aug. 1915, 3; 17 Aug. 1915, 9; 20 Aug. 1915, 20; 24 Aug. 1915, 20; 4 Sept. 1915, 12; 21 Sept. 1915, 1; 13 Oct. 1915, 1; 24 Oct. 1915, 9; 29 Oct. 1915, 18. Wall Street Journal, 14 Jan. 1915, 1; 6 Feb. 1915, 1; 9 Mar 1915, 7; 8 May 1915, 8; 15 June 1915, 2; 3 July 1915, 8; 24 July 1915, 8; 4 Aug. 1915, 8; 26 Aug. 1915, 8; 31 Aug. 1915, 3; 30 Dec. 1915, 3. See also 29 June 1915 letter from Rep. John Williams (D-Miss.) to Wilson, 12 July 1915 letter from A. Leven to Wilson, and 24 July 1915 letter from J. Williams to Wilson, container 1, John Sharp Williams Papers Library of Congress, Manuscript Division [hereafter Williams Papers].
135. See Houston Chronicle, 5 Jan. 1915, 14; 28 Feb., 1915, 39; 14 Mar. 1915, 43; 14 Apr. 1915, 1; 5 May 1915, 1; 1 June 1915, 18; 17 July 1915, 7; 21 July 1915, 6; 24 Aug. 1915, 9; 27 Aug. 1915, 4; 2 Nov. 1915 1; 3 Dec. 1915, 20; 17 Dec. 1915, 16. New York Times, 4 Feb. 1915, 15; 6 Feb. 1915, 15; 12 Feb. 1915, 15; 14 Feb. 1915, 11; 2 Mar. 1915, 11; 29 Apr. 1915, 14; 23 Apr. 1915, 12; 28 Apr. 1915, 3; 8 May 1915, 19; 8 July 1915, 16; 3 Aug. 1915, 13; 15 Aug. 1915, 3; 17 Aug. 1915, 9; 20 Aug. 1915, 20; 24 Aug. 1915, 20; 4 Sept. 1915, 12; 21 Sept. 1915, 1; 13 Oct. 1915, 1; 24 Oct. 1915, 9; 29 Oct. 1915, 18. Wall Street Journal, 14 Jan. 1915, 1; 6 Feb. 1915, 1; 9 Mar 1915, 7; 8 May 1915, 8; 15 June 1915, 2; 3 July 1915, 8; 24 July 1915, 8; 4 Aug. 1915, 8; 26 Aug. 1915, 8; 31 Aug. 1915, 3; 30 Dec. 1915, 3. See also 29 June 1915 letter from Rep. John Williams (D-Miss.) to Wilson, 12 July 1915 letter from A. Leven to Wilson, and 24 July 1915 letter from J. Williams to Wilson, container 1, John Sharp Williams Papers Library of Congress, Manuscript Division [hereafter Williams Papers].
136. See Houston Chronicle, 5 Jan. 1915, 14; 28 Feb., 1915, 39; 14 Mar. 1915, 43; 14 Apr. 1915, 1; 5 May 1915, 1; 1 June 1915, 18; 17 July 1915, 7; 21 July 1915, 6; 24 Aug. 1915, 9; 27 Aug. 1915, 4; 2 Nov. 1915 1; 3 Dec. 1915, 20; 17 Dec. 1915, 16. New York Times, 4 Feb. 1915, 15; 6 Feb. 1915, 15; 12 Feb. 1915, 15; 14 Feb. 1915, 11; 2 Mar. 1915, 11; 29 Apr. 1915, 14; 23 Apr. 1915, 12; 28 Apr. 1915, 3; 8 May 1915, 19; 8 July 1915, 16; 3 Aug. 1915, 13; 15 Aug. 1915, 3; 17 Aug. 1915, 9; 20 Aug. 1915, 20; 24 Aug. 1915, 20; 4 Sept. 1915, 12; 21 Sept. 1915, 1; 13 Oct. 1915, 1; 24 Oct. 1915, 9; 29 Oct. 1915, 18. Wall Street Journal, 14 Jan. 1915, 1; 6 Feb. 1915, 1; 9 Mar 1915, 7; 8 May 1915, 8; 15 June 1915, 2; 3 July 1915, 8; 24 July 1915, 8; 4 Aug. 1915, 8; 26 Aug. 1915, 8; 31 Aug. 1915, 3; 30 Dec. 1915, 3. See also 29 June 1915 letter from Rep. John Williams (D-Miss.) to Wilson, 12 July 1915 letter from A. Leven to Wilson, and 24 July 1915 letter from J. Williams to Wilson, container 1, John Sharp Williams Papers Library of Congress, Manuscript Division [hereafter Williams Papers].
137. See Houston Chronicle, 5 Jan. 1915, 14; 28 Feb., 1915, 39; 14 Mar. 1915, 43; 14 Apr. 1915, 1; 5 May 1915, 1; 1 June 1915, 18; 17 July 1915, 7; 21 July 1915, 6; 24 Aug. 1915, 9; 27 Aug. 1915, 4; 2 Nov. 1915 1; 3 Dec. 1915, 20; 17 Dec. 1915, 16. New York Times, 4 Feb. 1915, 15; 6 Feb. 1915, 15; 12 Feb. 1915, 15; 14 Feb. 1915, 11; 2 Mar. 1915, 11; 29 Apr. 1915, 14; 23 Apr. 1915, 12; 28 Apr. 1915, 3; 8 May 1915, 19; 8 July 1915, 16; 3 Aug. 1915, 13; 15 Aug. 1915, 3; 17 Aug. 1915, 9; 20 Aug. 1915, 20; 24 Aug. 1915, 20; 4 Sept. 1915, 12; 21 Sept. 1915, 1; 13 Oct. 1915, 1; 24 Oct. 1915, 9; 29 Oct. 1915, 18. Wall Street Journal, 14 Jan. 1915, 1; 6 Feb. 1915, 1; 9 Mar 1915, 7; 8 May 1915, 8; 15 June 1915, 2; 3 July 1915, 8; 24 July 1915, 8; 4 Aug. 1915, 8; 26 Aug. 1915, 8; 31 Aug. 1915, 3; 30 Dec. 1915, 3. See also 29 June 1915 letter from Rep. John Williams (D-Miss.) to Wilson, 12 July 1915 letter from A. Leven to Wilson, and 24 July 1915 letter from J. Williams to Wilson, container 1, John Sharp Williams Papers Library of Congress, Manuscript Division [hereafter Williams Papers].
138. See Houston Chronicle, 5 Jan. 1915, 14; 28 Feb., 1915, 39; 14 Mar. 1915, 43; 14 Apr. 1915, 1; 5 May 1915, 1; 1 June 1915, 18; 17 July 1915, 7; 21 July 1915, 6; 24 Aug. 1915, 9; 27 Aug. 1915, 4; 2 Nov. 1915 1; 3 Dec. 1915, 20; 17 Dec. 1915, 16. New York Times, 4 Feb. 1915, 15; 6 Feb. 1915, 15; 12 Feb. 1915, 15; 14 Feb. 1915, 11; 2 Mar. 1915, 11; 29 Apr. 1915, 14; 23 Apr. 1915, 12; 28 Apr. 1915, 3; 8 May 1915, 19; 8 July 1915, 16; 3 Aug. 1915, 13; 15 Aug. 1915, 3; 17 Aug. 1915, 9; 20 Aug. 1915, 20; 24 Aug. 1915, 20; 4 Sept. 1915, 12; 21 Sept. 1915, 1; 13 Oct. 1915, 1; 24 Oct. 1915, 9; 29 Oct. 1915, 18. Wall Street Journal, 14 Jan. 1915, 1; 6 Feb. 1915, 1; 9 Mar 1915, 7; 8 May 1915, 8; 15 June 1915, 2; 3 July 1915, 8; 24 July 1915, 8; 4 Aug. 1915, 8; 26 Aug. 1915, 8; 31 Aug. 1915, 3; 30 Dec. 1915, 3. See also 29 June 1915 letter from Rep. John Williams (D-Miss.) to Wilson, 12 July 1915 letter from A. Leven to Wilson, and 24 July 1915 letter from J. Williams to Wilson, container 1, John Sharp Williams Papers Library of Congress, Manuscript Division [hereafter Williams Papers].
139. See Houston Chronicle, 5 Jan. 1915, 14; 28 Feb., 1915, 39; 14 Mar. 1915, 43; 14 Apr. 1915, 1; 5 May 1915, 1; 1 June 1915, 18; 17 July 1915, 7; 21 July 1915, 6; 24 Aug. 1915, 9; 27 Aug. 1915, 4; 2 Nov. 1915 1; 3 Dec. 1915, 20; 17 Dec. 1915, 16. New York Times, 4 Feb. 1915, 15; 6 Feb. 1915, 15; 12 Feb. 1915, 15; 14 Feb. 1915, 11; 2 Mar. 1915, 11; 29 Apr. 1915, 14; 23 Apr. 1915, 12; 28 Apr. 1915, 3; 8 May 1915, 19; 8 July 1915, 16; 3 Aug. 1915, 13; 15 Aug. 1915, 3; 17 Aug. 1915, 9; 20 Aug. 1915, 20; 24 Aug. 1915, 20; 4 Sept. 1915, 12; 21 Sept. 1915, 1; 13 Oct. 1915, 1; 24 Oct. 1915, 9; 29 Oct. 1915, 18. Wall Street Journal, 14 Jan. 1915, 1; 6 Feb. 1915, 1; 9 Mar 1915, 7; 8 May 1915, 8; 15 June 1915, 2; 3 July 1915, 8; 24 July 1915, 8; 4 Aug. 1915, 8; 26 Aug. 1915, 8; 31 Aug. 1915, 3; 30 Dec. 1915, 3. See also 29 June 1915 letter from Rep. John Williams (D-Miss.) to Wilson, 12 July 1915 letter from A. Leven to Wilson, and 24 July 1915 letter from J. Williams to Wilson, container 1, John Sharp Williams Papers Library of Congress, Manuscript Division [hereafter Williams Papers].
140. See Houston Chronicle, 5 Jan. 1915, 14; 28 Feb., 1915, 39; 14 Mar. 1915, 43; 14 Apr. 1915, 1; 5 May 1915, 1; 1 June 1915, 18; 17 July 1915, 7; 21 July 1915, 6; 24 Aug. 1915, 9; 27 Aug. 1915, 4; 2 Nov. 1915 1; 3 Dec. 1915, 20; 17 Dec. 1915, 16. New York Times, 4 Feb. 1915, 15; 6 Feb. 1915, 15; 12 Feb. 1915, 15; 14 Feb. 1915, 11; 2 Mar. 1915, 11; 29 Apr. 1915, 14; 23 Apr. 1915, 12; 28 Apr. 1915, 3; 8 May 1915, 19; 8 July 1915, 16; 3 Aug. 1915, 13; 15 Aug. 1915, 3; 17 Aug. 1915, 9; 20 Aug. 1915, 20; 24 Aug. 1915, 20; 4 Sept. 1915, 12; 21 Sept. 1915, 1; 13 Oct. 1915, 1; 24 Oct. 1915, 9; 29 Oct. 1915, 18. Wall Street Journal, 14 Jan. 1915, 1; 6 Feb. 1915, 1; 9 Mar 1915, 7; 8 May 1915, 8; 15 June 1915, 2; 3 July 1915, 8; 24 July 1915, 8; 4 Aug. 1915, 8; 26 Aug. 1915, 8; 31 Aug. 1915, 3; 30 Dec. 1915, 3. See also 29 June 1915 letter from Rep. John Williams (D-Miss.) to Wilson, 12 July 1915 letter from A. Leven to Wilson, and 24 July 1915 letter from J. Williams to Wilson, container 1, John Sharp Williams Papers Library of Congress, Manuscript Division [hereafter Williams Papers].
141. See Houston Chronicle, 5 Jan. 1915, 14; 28 Feb., 1915, 39; 14 Mar. 1915, 43; 14 Apr. 1915, 1; 5 May 1915, 1; 1 June 1915, 18; 17 July 1915, 7; 21 July 1915, 6; 24 Aug. 1915, 9; 27 Aug. 1915, 4; 2 Nov. 1915 1; 3 Dec. 1915, 20; 17 Dec. 1915, 16. New York Times, 4 Feb. 1915, 15; 6 Feb. 1915, 15; 12 Feb. 1915, 15; 14 Feb. 1915, 11; 2 Mar. 1915, 11; 29 Apr. 1915, 14; 23 Apr. 1915, 12; 28 Apr. 1915, 3; 8 May 1915, 19; 8 July 1915, 16; 3 Aug. 1915, 13; 15 Aug. 1915, 3; 17 Aug. 1915, 9; 20 Aug. 1915, 20; 24 Aug. 1915, 20; 4 Sept. 1915, 12; 21 Sept. 1915, 1; 13 Oct. 1915, 1; 24 Oct. 1915, 9; 29 Oct. 1915, 18. Wall Street Journal, 14 Jan. 1915, 1; 6 Feb. 1915, 1; 9 Mar 1915, 7; 8 May 1915, 8; 15 June 1915, 2; 3 July 1915, 8; 24 July 1915, 8; 4 Aug. 1915, 8; 26 Aug. 1915, 8; 31 Aug. 1915, 3; 30 Dec. 1915, 3. See also 29 June 1915 letter from Rep. John Williams (D-Miss.) to Wilson, 12 July 1915 letter from A. Leven to Wilson, and 24 July 1915 letter from J. Williams to Wilson, container 1, John Sharp Williams Papers Library of Congress, Manuscript Division [hereafter Williams Papers].
142. See Houston Chronicle, 5 Jan. 1915, 14; 28 Feb., 1915, 39; 14 Mar. 1915, 43; 14 Apr. 1915, 1; 5 May 1915, 1; 1 June 1915, 18; 17 July 1915, 7; 21 July 1915, 6; 24 Aug. 1915, 9; 27 Aug. 1915, 4; 2 Nov. 1915 1; 3 Dec. 1915, 20; 17 Dec. 1915, 16. New York Times, 4 Feb. 1915, 15; 6 Feb. 1915, 15; 12 Feb. 1915, 15; 14 Feb. 1915, 11; 2 Mar. 1915, 11; 29 Apr. 1915, 14; 23 Apr. 1915, 12; 28 Apr. 1915, 3; 8 May 1915, 19; 8 July 1915, 16; 3 Aug. 1915, 13; 15 Aug. 1915, 3; 17 Aug. 1915, 9; 20 Aug. 1915, 20; 24 Aug. 1915, 20; 4 Sept. 1915, 12; 21 Sept. 1915, 1; 13 Oct. 1915, 1; 24 Oct. 1915, 9; 29 Oct. 1915, 18. Wall Street Journal, 14 Jan. 1915, 1; 6 Feb. 1915, 1; 9 Mar 1915, 7; 8 May 1915, 8; 15 June 1915, 2; 3 July 1915, 8; 24 July 1915, 8; 4 Aug. 1915, 8; 26 Aug. 1915, 8; 31 Aug. 1915, 3; 30 Dec. 1915, 3. See also 29 June 1915 letter from Rep. John Williams (D-Miss.) to Wilson, 12 July 1915 letter from A. Leven to Wilson, and 24 July 1915 letter from J. Williams to Wilson, container 1, John Sharp Williams Papers Library of Congress, Manuscript Division [hereafter Williams Papers].
143. See Houston Chronicle, 5 Jan. 1915, 14; 28 Feb., 1915, 39; 14 Mar. 1915, 43; 14 Apr. 1915, 1; 5 May 1915, 1; 1 June 1915, 18; 17 July 1915, 7; 21 July 1915, 6; 24 Aug. 1915, 9; 27 Aug. 1915, 4; 2 Nov. 1915 1; 3 Dec. 1915, 20; 17 Dec. 1915, 16. New York Times, 4 Feb. 1915, 15; 6 Feb. 1915, 15; 12 Feb. 1915, 15; 14 Feb. 1915, 11; 2 Mar. 1915, 11; 29 Apr. 1915, 14; 23 Apr. 1915, 12; 28 Apr. 1915, 3; 8 May 1915, 19; 8 July 1915, 16; 3 Aug. 1915, 13; 15 Aug. 1915, 3; 17 Aug. 1915, 9; 20 Aug. 1915, 20; 24 Aug. 1915, 20; 4 Sept. 1915, 12; 21 Sept. 1915, 1; 13 Oct. 1915, 1; 24 Oct. 1915, 9; 29 Oct. 1915, 18. Wall Street Journal, 14 Jan. 1915, 1; 6 Feb. 1915, 1; 9 Mar 1915, 7; 8 May 1915, 8; 15 June 1915, 2; 3 July 1915, 8; 24 July 1915, 8; 4 Aug. 1915, 8; 26 Aug. 1915, 8; 31 Aug. 1915, 3; 30 Dec. 1915, 3. See also 29 June 1915 letter from Rep. John Williams (D-Miss.) to Wilson, 12 July 1915 letter from A. Leven to Wilson, and 24 July 1915 letter from J. Williams to Wilson, container 1, John Sharp Williams Papers Library of Congress, Manuscript Division [hereafter Williams Papers].
144. See Houston Chronicle, 5 Jan. 1915, 14; 28 Feb., 1915, 39; 14 Mar. 1915, 43; 14 Apr. 1915, 1; 5 May 1915, 1; 1 June 1915, 18; 17 July 1915, 7; 21 July 1915, 6; 24 Aug. 1915, 9; 27 Aug. 1915, 4; 2 Nov. 1915 1; 3 Dec. 1915, 20; 17 Dec. 1915, 16. New York Times, 4 Feb. 1915, 15; 6 Feb. 1915, 15; 12 Feb. 1915, 15; 14 Feb. 1915, 11; 2 Mar. 1915, 11; 29 Apr. 1915, 14; 23 Apr. 1915, 12; 28 Apr. 1915, 3; 8 May 1915, 19; 8 July 1915, 16; 3 Aug. 1915, 13; 15 Aug. 1915, 3; 17 Aug. 1915, 9; 20 Aug. 1915, 20; 24 Aug. 1915, 20; 4 Sept. 1915, 12; 21 Sept. 1915, 1; 13 Oct. 1915, 1; 24 Oct. 1915, 9; 29 Oct. 1915, 18. Wall Street Journal, 14 Jan. 1915, 1; 6 Feb. 1915, 1; 9 Mar 1915, 7; 8 May 1915, 8; 15 June 1915, 2; 3 July 1915, 8; 24 July 1915, 8; 4 Aug. 1915, 8; 26 Aug. 1915, 8; 31 Aug. 1915, 3; 30 Dec. 1915, 3. See also 29 June 1915 letter from Rep. John Williams (D-Miss.) to Wilson, 12 July 1915 letter from A. Leven to Wilson, and 24 July 1915 letter from J. Williams to Wilson, container 1, John Sharp Williams Papers Library of Congress, Manuscript Division [hereafter Williams Papers].
145. See Houston Chronicle, 5 Jan. 1915, 14; 28 Feb., 1915, 39; 14 Mar. 1915, 43; 14 Apr. 1915, 1; 5 May 1915, 1; 1 June 1915, 18; 17 July 1915, 7; 21 July 1915, 6; 24 Aug. 1915, 9; 27 Aug. 1915, 4; 2 Nov. 1915 1; 3 Dec. 1915, 20; 17 Dec. 1915, 16. New York Times, 4 Feb. 1915, 15; 6 Feb. 1915, 15; 12 Feb. 1915, 15; 14 Feb. 1915, 11; 2 Mar. 1915, 11; 29 Apr. 1915, 14; 23 Apr. 1915, 12; 28 Apr. 1915, 3; 8 May 1915, 19; 8 July 1915, 16; 3 Aug. 1915, 13; 15 Aug. 1915, 3; 17 Aug. 1915, 9; 20 Aug. 1915, 20; 24 Aug. 1915, 20; 4 Sept. 1915, 12; 21 Sept. 1915, 1; 13 Oct. 1915, 1; 24 Oct. 1915, 9; 29 Oct. 1915, 18. Wall Street Journal, 14 Jan. 1915, 1; 6 Feb. 1915, 1; 9 Mar 1915, 7; 8 May 1915, 8; 15 June 1915, 2; 3 July 1915, 8; 24 July 1915, 8; 4 Aug. 1915, 8; 26 Aug. 1915, 8; 31 Aug. 1915, 3; 30 Dec. 1915, 3. See also 29 June 1915 letter from Rep. John Williams (D-Miss.) to Wilson, 12 July 1915 letter from A. Leven to Wilson, and 24 July 1915 letter from J. Williams to Wilson, container 1, John Sharp Williams Papers Library of Congress, Manuscript Division [hereafter Williams Papers].
146. See Houston Chronicle, 5 Jan. 1915, 14; 28 Feb., 1915, 39; 14 Mar. 1915, 43; 14 Apr. 1915, 1; 5 May 1915, 1; 1 June 1915, 18; 17 July 1915, 7; 21 July 1915, 6; 24 Aug. 1915, 9; 27 Aug. 1915, 4; 2 Nov. 1915 1; 3 Dec. 1915, 20; 17 Dec. 1915, 16. New York Times, 4 Feb. 1915, 15; 6 Feb. 1915, 15; 12 Feb. 1915, 15; 14 Feb. 1915, 11; 2 Mar. 1915, 11; 29 Apr. 1915, 14; 23 Apr. 1915, 12; 28 Apr. 1915, 3; 8 May 1915, 19; 8 July 1915, 16; 3 Aug. 1915, 13; 15 Aug. 1915, 3; 17 Aug. 1915, 9; 20 Aug. 1915, 20; 24 Aug. 1915, 20; 4 Sept. 1915, 12; 21 Sept. 1915, 1; 13 Oct. 1915, 1; 24 Oct. 1915, 9; 29 Oct. 1915, 18. Wall Street Journal, 14 Jan. 1915, 1; 6 Feb. 1915, 1; 9 Mar 1915, 7; 8 May 1915, 8; 15 June 1915, 2; 3 July 1915, 8; 24 July 1915, 8; 4 Aug. 1915, 8; 26 Aug. 1915, 8; 31 Aug. 1915, 3; 30 Dec. 1915, 3. See also 29 June 1915 letter from Rep. John Williams (D-Miss.) to Wilson, 12 July 1915 letter from A. Leven to Wilson, and 24 July 1915 letter from J. Williams to Wilson, container 1, John Sharp Williams Papers Library of Congress, Manuscript Division [hereafter Williams Papers].
147. See Houston Chronicle, 5 Jan. 1915, 14; 28 Feb., 1915, 39; 14 Mar. 1915, 43; 14 Apr. 1915, 1; 5 May 1915, 1; 1 June 1915, 18; 17 July 1915, 7; 21 July 1915, 6; 24 Aug. 1915, 9; 27 Aug. 1915, 4; 2 Nov. 1915 1; 3 Dec. 1915, 20; 17 Dec. 1915, 16. New York Times, 4 Feb. 1915, 15; 6 Feb. 1915, 15; 12 Feb. 1915, 15; 14 Feb. 1915, 11; 2 Mar. 1915, 11; 29 Apr. 1915, 14; 23 Apr. 1915, 12; 28 Apr. 1915, 3; 8 May 1915, 19; 8 July 1915, 16; 3 Aug. 1915, 13; 15 Aug. 1915, 3; 17 Aug. 1915, 9; 20 Aug. 1915, 20; 24 Aug. 1915, 20; 4 Sept. 1915, 12; 21 Sept. 1915, 1; 13 Oct. 1915, 1; 24 Oct. 1915, 9; 29 Oct. 1915, 18. Wall Street Journal, 14 Jan. 1915, 1; 6 Feb. 1915, 1; 9 Mar 1915, 7; 8 May 1915, 8; 15 June 1915, 2; 3 July 1915, 8; 24 July 1915, 8; 4 Aug. 1915, 8; 26 Aug. 1915, 8; 31 Aug. 1915, 3; 30 Dec. 1915, 3. See also 29 June 1915 letter from Rep. John Williams (D-Miss.) to Wilson, 12 July 1915 letter from A. Leven to Wilson, and 24 July 1915 letter from J. Williams to Wilson, container 1, John Sharp Williams Papers Library of Congress, Manuscript Division [hereafter Williams Papers].
148. See Houston Chronicle, 5 Jan. 1915, 14; 28 Feb., 1915, 39; 14 Mar. 1915, 43; 14 Apr. 1915, 1; 5 May 1915, 1; 1 June 1915, 18; 17 July 1915, 7; 21 July 1915, 6; 24 Aug. 1915, 9; 27 Aug. 1915, 4; 2 Nov. 1915 1; 3 Dec. 1915, 20; 17 Dec. 1915, 16. New York Times, 4 Feb. 1915, 15; 6 Feb. 1915, 15; 12 Feb. 1915, 15; 14 Feb. 1915, 11; 2 Mar. 1915, 11; 29 Apr. 1915, 14; 23 Apr. 1915, 12; 28 Apr. 1915, 3; 8 May 1915, 19; 8 July 1915, 16; 3 Aug. 1915, 13; 15 Aug. 1915, 3; 17 Aug. 1915, 9; 20 Aug. 1915, 20; 24 Aug. 1915, 20; 4 Sept. 1915, 12; 21 Sept. 1915, 1; 13 Oct. 1915, 1; 24 Oct. 1915, 9; 29 Oct. 1915, 18. Wall Street Journal, 14 Jan. 1915, 1; 6 Feb. 1915, 1; 9 Mar 1915, 7; 8 May 1915, 8; 15 June 1915, 2; 3 July 1915, 8; 24 July 1915, 8; 4 Aug. 1915, 8; 26 Aug. 1915, 8; 31 Aug. 1915, 3; 30 Dec. 1915, 3. See also 29 June 1915 letter from Rep. John Williams (D-Miss.) to Wilson, 12 July 1915 letter from A. Leven to Wilson, and 24 July 1915 letter from J. Williams to Wilson, container 1, John Sharp Williams Papers Library of Congress, Manuscript Division [hereafter Williams Papers].
149. See Houston Chronicle, 5 Jan. 1915, 14; 28 Feb., 1915, 39; 14 Mar. 1915, 43; 14 Apr. 1915, 1; 5 May 1915, 1; 1 June 1915, 18; 17 July 1915, 7; 21 July 1915, 6; 24 Aug. 1915, 9; 27 Aug. 1915, 4; 2 Nov. 1915 1; 3 Dec. 1915, 20; 17 Dec. 1915, 16. New York Times, 4 Feb. 1915, 15; 6 Feb. 1915, 15; 12 Feb. 1915, 15; 14 Feb. 1915, 11; 2 Mar. 1915, 11; 29 Apr. 1915, 14; 23 Apr. 1915, 12; 28 Apr. 1915, 3; 8 May 1915, 19; 8 July 1915, 16; 3 Aug. 1915, 13; 15 Aug. 1915, 3; 17 Aug. 1915, 9; 20 Aug. 1915, 20; 24 Aug. 1915, 20; 4 Sept. 1915, 12; 21 Sept. 1915, 1; 13 Oct. 1915, 1; 24 Oct. 1915, 9; 29 Oct. 1915, 18. Wall Street Journal, 14 Jan. 1915, 1; 6 Feb. 1915, 1; 9 Mar 1915, 7; 8 May 1915, 8; 15 June 1915, 2; 3 July 1915, 8; 24 July 1915, 8; 4 Aug. 1915, 8; 26 Aug. 1915, 8; 31 Aug. 1915, 3; 30 Dec. 1915, 3. See also 29 June 1915 letter from Rep. John Williams (D-Miss.) to Wilson, 12 July 1915 letter from A. Leven to Wilson, and 24 July 1915 letter from J. Williams to Wilson, container 1, John Sharp Williams Papers Library of Congress, Manuscript Division [hereafter Williams Papers].
150. See Houston Chronicle, 5 Jan. 1915, 14; 28 Feb., 1915, 39; 14 Mar. 1915, 43; 14 Apr. 1915, 1; 5 May 1915, 1; 1 June 1915, 18; 17 July 1915, 7; 21 July 1915, 6; 24 Aug. 1915, 9; 27 Aug. 1915, 4; 2 Nov. 1915 1; 3 Dec. 1915, 20; 17 Dec. 1915, 16. New York Times, 4 Feb. 1915, 15; 6 Feb. 1915, 15; 12 Feb. 1915, 15; 14 Feb. 1915, 11; 2 Mar. 1915, 11; 29 Apr. 1915, 14; 23 Apr. 1915, 12; 28 Apr. 1915, 3; 8 May 1915, 19; 8 July 1915, 16; 3 Aug. 1915, 13; 15 Aug. 1915, 3; 17 Aug. 1915, 9; 20 Aug. 1915, 20; 24 Aug. 1915, 20; 4 Sept. 1915, 12; 21 Sept. 1915, 1; 13 Oct. 1915, 1; 24 Oct. 1915, 9; 29 Oct. 1915, 18. Wall Street Journal, 14 Jan. 1915, 1; 6 Feb. 1915, 1; 9 Mar 1915, 7; 8 May 1915, 8; 15 June 1915, 2; 3 July 1915, 8; 24 July 1915, 8; 4 Aug. 1915, 8; 26 Aug. 1915, 8; 31 Aug. 1915, 3; 30 Dec. 1915, 3. See also 29 June 1915 letter from Rep. John Williams (D-Miss.) to Wilson, 12 July 1915 letter from A. Leven to Wilson, and 24 July 1915 letter from J. Williams to Wilson, container 1, John Sharp Williams Papers Library of Congress, Manuscript Division [hereafter Williams Papers].
151. See Houston Chronicle, 5 Jan. 1915, 14; 28 Feb., 1915, 39; 14 Mar. 1915, 43; 14 Apr. 1915, 1; 5 May 1915, 1; 1 June 1915, 18; 17 July 1915, 7; 21 July 1915, 6; 24 Aug. 1915, 9; 27 Aug. 1915, 4; 2 Nov. 1915 1; 3 Dec. 1915, 20; 17 Dec. 1915, 16. New York Times, 4 Feb. 1915, 15; 6 Feb. 1915, 15; 12 Feb. 1915, 15; 14 Feb. 1915, 11; 2 Mar. 1915, 11; 29 Apr. 1915, 14; 23 Apr. 1915, 12; 28 Apr. 1915, 3; 8 May 1915, 19; 8 July 1915, 16; 3 Aug. 1915, 13; 15 Aug. 1915, 3; 17 Aug. 1915, 9; 20 Aug. 1915, 20; 24 Aug. 1915, 20; 4 Sept. 1915, 12; 21 Sept. 1915, 1; 13 Oct. 1915, 1; 24 Oct. 1915, 9; 29 Oct. 1915, 18. Wall Street Journal, 14 Jan. 1915, 1; 6 Feb. 1915, 1; 9 Mar 1915, 7; 8 May 1915, 8; 15 June 1915, 2; 3 July 1915, 8; 24 July 1915, 8; 4 Aug. 1915, 8; 26 Aug. 1915, 8; 31 Aug. 1915, 3; 30 Dec. 1915, 3. See also 29 June 1915 letter from Rep. John Williams (D-Miss.) to Wilson, 12 July 1915 letter from A. Leven to Wilson, and 24 July 1915 letter from J. Williams to Wilson, container 1, John Sharp Williams Papers Library of Congress, Manuscript Division [hereafter Williams Papers].
152. 29 July 1915 letter from E. House to Wilson, PWW 34, 42. On correspondence Wilson received regarding the cotton crisis, see 22 July 1915 letter from M. Sheppard to Wilson; various correspondence to Wilson of 27 July 1915; 31 July 1915 letter from Rep. H. Sumners (D-Tex.) to Wilson; PWW 34, 13, 32, 34, 62, 99, 106. See also 13 Jan. 1916 letter from O. Brothers to W. McAdoo, and 20 Jan. 1916 letter from E. Pringle to W. McAdoo, McAdoo Papers containers 152 and 153. On Republican criticism, see Marguiles, Reconciliation and Revival, 123. See also Arthur Link's account in Wilson: The Struggle for Neutrality, 1914-15 (Princeton, N.J., 1960), 107-8, 124-8, 171-4.
153. 29 July 1915 letter from E. House to Wilson, PWW 34, 42. On correspondence Wilson received regarding the cotton crisis, see 22 July 1915 letter from M. Sheppard to Wilson; various correspondence to Wilson of 27 July 1915; 31 July 1915 letter from Rep. H. Sumners (D-Tex.) to Wilson; PWW 34, 13, 32, 34, 62, 99, 106. See also 13 Jan. 1916 letter from O. Brothers to W. McAdoo, and 20 Jan. 1916 letter from E. Pringle to W. McAdoo, McAdoo Papers containers 152 and 153. On Republican criticism, see Marguiles, Reconciliation and Revival, 123. See also Arthur Link's account in Wilson: The Struggle for Neutrality, 1914-15 (Princeton, N.J., 1960), 107-8, 124-8, 171-4.
154. 29 July 1915 letter from E. House to Wilson, PWW 34, 42. On correspondence Wilson received regarding the cotton crisis, see 22 July 1915 letter from M. Sheppard to Wilson; various correspondence to Wilson of 27 July 1915; 31 July 1915 letter from Rep. H. Sumners (D-Tex.) to Wilson; PWW 34, 13, 32, 34, 62, 99, 106. See also 13 Jan. 1916 letter from O. Brothers to W. McAdoo, and 20 Jan. 1916 letter from E. Pringle to W. McAdoo, McAdoo Papers containers 152 and 153. On Republican criticism, see Marguiles, Reconciliation and Revival, 123. See also Arthur Link's account in Wilson: The Struggle for Neutrality, 1914-15 (Princeton, N.J., 1960), 107-8, 124-8, 171-4.
155. 29 July 1915 letter from E. House to Wilson, PWW 34, 42. On correspondence Wilson received regarding the cotton crisis, see 22 July 1915 letter from M. Sheppard to Wilson; various correspondence to Wilson of 27 July 1915; 31 July 1915 letter from Rep. H. Sumners (D-Tex.) to Wilson; PWW 34, 13, 32, 34, 62, 99, 106. See also 13 Jan. 1916 letter from O. Brothers to W. McAdoo, and 20 Jan. 1916 letter from E. Pringle to W. McAdoo, McAdoo Papers containers 152 and 153. On Republican criticism, see Marguiles, Reconciliation and Revival, 123. See also Arthur Link's account in Wilson: The Struggle for Neutrality, 1914-15 (Princeton, N.J., 1960), 107-8, 124-8, 171-4.
156. For evidence of Glass and Owen's support see: 3 June 1916 letter from A. Peters to McAdoo, container 160, McAdoo Papers and 5 Jan. 1916 letter from Owen to Wilson, PWW 35, 433-4. Evidence of support for or opposition to the Tariff Commission is also available for the following other legislators. In favor: Sen. J. Alexander (D-Mo.), 26 Aug. 1916 letter to McAdoo, container 165, McAdoo Papers; H. Barnhart (D-Ind.), CR 53, A1416; C. Cline (D-Ind.), CR 53, 10611; J. Collier (D-Miss.), CR 53, 10584; Sen. A. Cummins (R-Iowa), CR 53, 13795; Sen. C. Curtis (R-Kans.), CR 53, 12971; C. Dickinson (D-Mo.), CR 53, 10601; L. Dixon (D-Ind.), CR 53, 10579; Sen. J. Gallinger (R-N.H.), CR 53, 13797; F. Gillet (R-Mass.), CR 53, 10603; G. Helvering (D-Kans.), CR 53, A1771; W. Green (R-Iowa), CR 53, 10588; Sen. F. Newlands (D-Nev), box 335 Agriculture Records; R. Olney (D-Mass.), CR 53, 10615; Sen. A. Pomerene (D-Ohio), CR 53, 13804; P. Quin (D-Miss.), CR 53, 10613; C. Randall (R-Calif.), CR 53, Appendix 1500; A. Sabath (D-Ill.), CR 53, Appendix 1872; Sen. H. Smith (D-GA), CR 53, 13794; C. Sloan (R-Nebr.), CR 53, 10593; W. Stephens (Progressive-Calif.), 25 Mar. 1916 letter to Wilson, series 4, file 180, reel 234, Wilson Papers; Sen. F. Simmons (D-N.C.), 1 Sept. 1916 letter to McAdoo, container 165, McAdoo Papers. Opposed: I. Bacharach (R-N.Y.), CR 53, A1536; W. Bailey (D-Pa.), CR 53, 10616; Sen. J. Bankhead (D-Ala.), CR 53, 13868; L. Dyer (R-Mo.), CR 53, A1466; H. Emerson (R-Ohio), CR 53, A1456; J. Fordney (R-Mich.), CR 53, 10517; E. Hamilton (R-Mich.), CR 53, 10599; Sen. T. Hartwick (D-Calif.), CR 53, 13868; Sen. P. McCumber (R-N.D.), CR 53, 13801; J. Meeker (R-Mo.), CR 53, 10605; J.H. Moore (R-Pa.), CR 53, 10579, A1415; Sen. J. Shields (D-Ind.), CR 53, 13868; I. Siegel (R-N.Y.), CR 53, A1450; Sen. T. Sterling (R-S.D.), CR 53, 13794; and Sen. J. Vardaman (D-Miss.), CR 53, 13868.
157. For evidence of Glass and Owen's support see: 3 June 1916 letter from A. Peters to McAdoo, container 160, McAdoo Papers and 5 Jan. 1916 letter from Owen to Wilson, PWW 35, 433-4. Evidence of support for or opposition to the Tariff Commission is also available for the following other legislators. In favor: Sen. J. Alexander (D-Mo.), 26 Aug. 1916 letter to McAdoo, container 165, McAdoo Papers; H. Barnhart (D-Ind.), CR 53, A1416; C. Cline (D-Ind.), CR 53, 10611; J. Collier (D-Miss.), CR 53, 10584; Sen. A. Cummins (R-Iowa), CR 53, 13795; Sen. C. Curtis (R-Kans.), CR 53, 12971; C. Dickinson (D-Mo.), CR 53, 10601; L. Dixon (D-Ind.), CR 53, 10579; Sen. J. Gallinger (R-N.H.), CR 53, 13797; F. Gillet (R-Mass.), CR 53, 10603; G. Helvering (D-Kans.), CR 53, A1771; W. Green (R-Iowa), CR 53, 10588; Sen. F. Newlands (D-Nev), box 335 Agriculture Records; R. Olney (D-Mass.), CR 53, 10615; Sen. A. Pomerene (D-Ohio), CR 53, 13804; P. Quin (D-Miss.), CR 53, 10613; C. Randall (R-Calif.), CR 53, Appendix 1500; A. Sabath (D-Ill.), CR 53, Appendix 1872; Sen. H. Smith (D-GA), CR 53, 13794; C. Sloan (R-Nebr.), CR 53, 10593; W. Stephens (Progressive-Calif.), 25 Mar. 1916 letter to Wilson, series 4, file 180, reel 234, Wilson Papers; Sen. F. Simmons (D-N.C.), 1 Sept. 1916 letter to McAdoo, container 165, McAdoo Papers. Opposed: I. Bacharach (R-N.Y.), CR 53, A1536; W. Bailey (D-Pa.), CR 53, 10616; Sen. J. Bankhead (D-Ala.), CR 53, 13868; L. Dyer (R-Mo.), CR 53, A1466; H. Emerson (R-Ohio), CR 53, A1456; J. Fordney (R-Mich.), CR 53, 10517; E. Hamilton (R-Mich.), CR 53, 10599; Sen. T. Hartwick (D-Calif.), CR 53, 13868; Sen. P. McCumber (R-N.D.), CR 53, 13801; J. Meeker (R-Mo.), CR 53, 10605; J.H. Moore (R-Pa.), CR 53, 10579, A1415; Sen. J. Shields (D-Ind.), CR 53, 13868; I. Siegel (R-N.Y.), CR 53, A1450; Sen. T. Sterling (R-S.D.), CR 53, 13794; and Sen. J. Vardaman (D-Miss.), CR 53, 13868.
158. For evidence of Glass and Owen's support see: 3 June 1916 letter from A. Peters to McAdoo, container 160, McAdoo Papers and 5 Jan. 1916 letter from Owen to Wilson, PWW 35, 433-4. Evidence of support for or opposition to the Tariff Commission is also available for the following other legislators. In favor: Sen. J. Alexander (D-Mo.), 26 Aug. 1916 letter to McAdoo, container 165, McAdoo Papers; H. Barnhart (D-Ind.), CR 53, A1416; C. Cline (D-Ind.), CR 53, 10611; J. Collier (D-Miss.), CR 53, 10584; Sen. A. Cummins (R-Iowa), CR 53, 13795; Sen. C. Curtis (R-Kans.), CR 53, 12971; C. Dickinson (D-Mo.), CR 53, 10601; L. Dixon (D-Ind.), CR 53, 10579; Sen. J. Gallinger (R-N.H.), CR 53, 13797; F. Gillet (R-Mass.), CR 53, 10603; G. Helvering (D-Kans.), CR 53, A1771; W. Green (R-Iowa), CR 53, 10588; Sen. F. Newlands (D-Nev), box 335 Agriculture Records; R. Olney (D-Mass.), CR 53, 10615; Sen. A. Pomerene (D-Ohio), CR 53, 13804; P. Quin (D-Miss.), CR 53, 10613; C. Randall (R-Calif.), CR 53, Appendix 1500; A. Sabath (D-Ill.), CR 53, Appendix 1872; Sen. H. Smith (D-GA), CR 53, 13794; C. Sloan (R-Nebr.), CR 53, 10593; W. Stephens (Progressive-Calif.), 25 Mar. 1916 letter to Wilson, series 4, file 180, reel 234, Wilson Papers; Sen. F. Simmons (D-N.C.), 1 Sept. 1916 letter to McAdoo, container 165, McAdoo Papers. Opposed: I. Bacharach (R-N.Y.), CR 53, A1536; W. Bailey (D-Pa.), CR 53, 10616; Sen. J. Bankhead (D-Ala.), CR 53, 13868; L. Dyer (R-Mo.), CR 53, A1466; H. Emerson (R-Ohio), CR 53, A1456; J. Fordney (R-Mich.), CR 53, 10517; E. Hamilton (R-Mich.), CR 53, 10599; Sen. T. Hartwick (D-Calif.), CR 53, 13868; Sen. P. McCumber (R-N.D.), CR 53, 13801; J. Meeker (R-Mo.), CR 53, 10605; J.H. Moore (R-Pa.), CR 53, 10579, A1415; Sen. J. Shields (D-Ind.), CR 53, 13868; I. Siegel (R-N.Y.), CR 53, A1450; Sen. T. Sterling (R-S.D.), CR 53, 13794; and Sen. J. Vardaman (D-Miss.), CR 53, 13868.
159. For evidence of Glass and Owen's support see: 3 June 1916 letter from A. Peters to McAdoo, container 160, McAdoo Papers and 5 Jan. 1916 letter from Owen to Wilson, PWW 35, 433-4. Evidence of support for or opposition to the Tariff Commission is also available for the following other legislators. In favor: Sen. J. Alexander (D-Mo.), 26 Aug. 1916 letter to McAdoo, container 165, McAdoo Papers; H. Barnhart (D-Ind.), CR 53, A1416; C. Cline (D-Ind.), CR 53, 10611; J. Collier (D-Miss.), CR 53, 10584; Sen. A. Cummins (R-Iowa), CR 53, 13795; Sen. C. Curtis (R-Kans.), CR 53, 12971; C. Dickinson (D-Mo.), CR 53, 10601; L. Dixon (D-Ind.), CR 53, 10579; Sen. J. Gallinger (R-N.H.), CR 53, 13797; F. Gillet (R-Mass.), CR 53, 10603; G. Helvering (D-Kans.), CR 53, A1771; W. Green (R-Iowa), CR 53, 10588; Sen. F. Newlands (D-Nev), box 335 Agriculture Records; R. Olney (D-Mass.), CR 53, 10615; Sen. A. Pomerene (D-Ohio), CR 53, 13804; P. Quin (D-Miss.), CR 53, 10613; C. Randall (R-Calif.), CR 53, Appendix 1500; A. Sabath (D-Ill.), CR 53, Appendix 1872; Sen. H. Smith (D-GA), CR 53, 13794; C. Sloan (R-Nebr.), CR 53, 10593; W. Stephens (Progressive-Calif.), 25 Mar. 1916 letter to Wilson, series 4, file 180, reel 234, Wilson Papers; Sen. F. Simmons (D-N.C.), 1 Sept. 1916 letter to McAdoo, container 165, McAdoo Papers. Opposed: I. Bacharach (R-N.Y.), CR 53, A1536; W. Bailey (D-Pa.), CR 53, 10616; Sen. J. Bankhead (D-Ala.), CR 53, 13868; L. Dyer (R-Mo.), CR 53, A1466; H. Emerson (R-Ohio), CR 53, A1456; J. Fordney (R-Mich.), CR 53, 10517; E. Hamilton (R-Mich.), CR 53, 10599; Sen. T. Hartwick (D-Calif.), CR 53, 13868; Sen. P. McCumber (R-N.D.), CR 53, 13801; J. Meeker (R-Mo.), CR 53, 10605; J.H. Moore (R-Pa.), CR 53, 10579, A1415; Sen. J. Shields (D-Ind.), CR 53, 13868; I. Siegel (R-N.Y.), CR 53, A1450; Sen. T. Sterling (R-S.D.), CR 53, 13794; and Sen. J. Vardaman (D-Miss.), CR 53, 13868.
160. For evidence of Glass and Owen's support see: 3 June 1916 letter from A. Peters to McAdoo, container 160, McAdoo Papers and 5 Jan. 1916 letter from Owen to Wilson, PWW 35, 433-4. Evidence of support for or opposition to the Tariff Commission is also available for the following other legislators. In favor: Sen. J. Alexander (D-Mo.), 26 Aug. 1916 letter to McAdoo, container 165, McAdoo Papers; H. Barnhart (D-Ind.), CR 53, A1416; C. Cline (D-Ind.), CR 53, 10611; J. Collier (D-Miss.), CR 53, 10584; Sen. A. Cummins (R-Iowa), CR 53, 13795; Sen. C. Curtis (R-Kans.), CR 53, 12971; C. Dickinson (D-Mo.), CR 53, 10601; L. Dixon (D-Ind.), CR 53, 10579; Sen. J. Gallinger (R-N.H.), CR 53, 13797; F. Gillet (R-Mass.), CR 53, 10603; G. Helvering (D-Kans.), CR 53, A1771; W. Green (R-Iowa), CR 53, 10588; Sen. F. Newlands (D-Nev), box 335 Agriculture Records; R. Olney (D-Mass.), CR 53, 10615; Sen. A. Pomerene (D-Ohio), CR 53, 13804; P. Quin (D-Miss.), CR 53, 10613; C. Randall (R-Calif.), CR 53, Appendix 1500; A. Sabath (D-Ill.), CR 53, Appendix 1872; Sen. H. Smith (D-GA), CR 53, 13794; C. Sloan (R-Nebr.), CR 53, 10593; W. Stephens (Progressive-Calif.), 25 Mar. 1916 letter to Wilson, series 4, file 180, reel 234, Wilson Papers; Sen. F. Simmons (D-N.C.), 1 Sept. 1916 letter to McAdoo, container 165, McAdoo Papers. Opposed: I. Bacharach (R-N.Y.), CR 53, A1536; W. Bailey (D-Pa.), CR 53, 10616; Sen. J. Bankhead (D-Ala.), CR 53, 13868; L. Dyer (R-Mo.), CR 53, A1466; H. Emerson (R-Ohio), CR 53, A1456; J. Fordney (R-Mich.), CR 53, 10517; E. Hamilton (R-Mich.), CR 53, 10599; Sen. T. Hartwick (D-Calif.), CR 53, 13868; Sen. P. McCumber (R-N.D.), CR 53, 13801; J. Meeker (R-Mo.), CR 53, 10605; J.H. Moore (R-Pa.), CR 53, 10579, A1415; Sen. J. Shields (D-Ind.), CR 53, 13868; I. Siegel (R-N.Y.), CR 53, A1450; Sen. T. Sterling (R-S.D.), CR 53, 13794; and Sen. J. Vardaman (D-Miss.), CR 53, 13868.
161. For evidence of Glass and Owen's support see: 3 June 1916 letter from A. Peters to McAdoo, container 160, McAdoo Papers and 5 Jan. 1916 letter from Owen to Wilson, PWW 35, 433-4. Evidence of support for or opposition to the Tariff Commission is also available for the following other legislators. In favor: Sen. J. Alexander (D-Mo.), 26 Aug. 1916 letter to McAdoo, container 165, McAdoo Papers; H. Barnhart (D-Ind.), CR 53, A1416; C. Cline (D-Ind.), CR 53, 10611; J. Collier (D-Miss.), CR 53, 10584; Sen. A. Cummins (R-Iowa), CR 53, 13795; Sen. C. Curtis (R-Kans.), CR 53, 12971; C. Dickinson (D-Mo.), CR 53, 10601; L. Dixon (D-Ind.), CR 53, 10579; Sen. J. Gallinger (R-N.H.), CR 53, 13797; F. Gillet (R-Mass.), CR 53, 10603; G. Helvering (D-Kans.), CR 53, A1771; W. Green (R-Iowa), CR 53, 10588; Sen. F. Newlands (D-Nev), box 335 Agriculture Records; R. Olney (D-Mass.), CR 53, 10615; Sen. A. Pomerene (D-Ohio), CR 53, 13804; P. Quin (D-Miss.), CR 53, 10613; C. Randall (R-Calif.), CR 53, Appendix 1500; A. Sabath (D-Ill.), CR 53, Appendix 1872; Sen. H. Smith (D-GA), CR 53, 13794; C. Sloan (R-Nebr.), CR 53, 10593; W. Stephens (Progressive-Calif.), 25 Mar. 1916 letter to Wilson, series 4, file 180, reel 234, Wilson Papers; Sen. F. Simmons (D-N.C.), 1 Sept. 1916 letter to McAdoo, container 165, McAdoo Papers. Opposed: I. Bacharach (R-N.Y.), CR 53, A1536; W. Bailey (D-Pa.), CR 53, 10616; Sen. J. Bankhead (D-Ala.), CR 53, 13868; L. Dyer (R-Mo.), CR 53, A1466; H. Emerson (R-Ohio), CR 53, A1456; J. Fordney (R-Mich.), CR 53, 10517; E. Hamilton (R-Mich.), CR 53, 10599; Sen. T. Hartwick (D-Calif.), CR 53, 13868; Sen. P. McCumber (R-N.D.), CR 53, 13801; J. Meeker (R-Mo.), CR 53, 10605; J.H. Moore (R-Pa.), CR 53, 10579, A1415; Sen. J. Shields (D-Ind.), CR 53, 13868; I. Siegel (R-N.Y.), CR 53, A1450; Sen. T. Sterling (R-S.D.), CR 53, 13794; and Sen. J.
162. For evidence of Glass and Owen's support see: 3 June 1916 letter from A. Peters to McAdoo, container 160, McAdoo Papers and 5 Jan. 1916 letter from Owen to Wilson, PWW 35, 433-4. Evidence of support for or opposition to the Tariff Commission is also available for the following other legislators. In favor: Sen. J. Alexander (D-Mo.), 26 Aug. 1916 letter to McAdoo, container 165, McAdoo Papers; H. Barnhart (D-Ind.), CR 53, A1416; C. Cline (D-Ind.), CR 53, 10611; J. Collier (D-Miss.), CR 53, 10584; Sen. A. Cummins (R-Iowa), CR 53, 13795; Sen. C. Curtis (R-Kans.), CR 53, 12971; C. Dickinson (D-Mo.), CR 53, 10601; L. Dixon (D-Ind.), CR 53, 10579; Sen. J. Gallinger (R-N.H.), CR 53, 13797; F. Gillet (R-Mass.), CR 53, 10603; G. Helvering (D-Kans.), CR 53, A1771; W. Green (R-Iowa), CR 53, 10588; Sen. F. Newlands (D-Nev), box 335 Agriculture Records; R. Olney (D-Mass.), CR 53, 10615; Sen. A. Pomerene (D-Ohio), CR 53, 13804; P. Quin (D-Miss.), CR 53, 10613; C. Randall (R-Calif.), CR 53, Appendix 1500; A. Sabath (D-Ill.), CR 53, Appendix 1872; Sen. H. Smith (D-GA), CR 53, 13794; C. Sloan (R-Nebr.), CR 53, 10593; W. Stephens (Progressive-Calif.), 25 Mar. 1916 letter to Wilson, series 4, file 180, reel 234, Wilson Papers; Sen. F. Simmons (D-N.C.), 1 Sept. 1916 letter to McAdoo, container 165, McAdoo Papers. Opposed: I. Bacharach (R-N.Y.), CR 53, A1536; W. Bailey (D-Pa.), CR 53, 10616; Sen. J. Bankhead (D-Ala.), CR 53, 13868; L. Dyer (R-Mo.), CR 53, A1466; H. Emerson (R-Ohio), CR 53, A1456; J. Fordney (R-Mich.), CR 53, 10517; E. Hamilton (R-Mich.), CR 53, 10599; Sen. T. Hartwick (D-Calif.), CR 53, 13868; Sen. P. McCumber (R-N.D.), CR 53, 13801; J. Meeker (R-Mo.), CR 53, 10605; J.H. Moore (R-Pa.), CR 53, 10579, A1415; Sen. J. Shields (D-Ind.), CR 53, 13868; I. Siegel (R-N.Y.), CR 53, A1450; Sen. T. Sterling (R-S.D.), CR 53, 13794; and Sen. J. Vardaman (D-Miss.), CR 53, 13868.
163. For evidence of Glass and Owen's support see: 3 June 1916 letter from A. Peters to McAdoo, container 160, McAdoo Papers and 5 Jan. 1916 letter from Owen to Wilson, PWW 35, 433-4. Evidence of support for or opposition to the Tariff Commission is also available for the following other legislators. In favor: Sen. J. Alexander (D-Mo.), 26 Aug. 1916 letter to McAdoo, container 165, McAdoo Papers; H. Barnhart (D-Ind.), CR 53, A1416; C. Cline (D-Ind.), CR 53, 10611; J. Collier (D-Miss.), CR 53, 10584; Sen. A. Cummins (R-Iowa), CR 53, 13795; Sen. C. Curtis (R-Kans.), CR 53, 12971; C. Dickinson (D-Mo.), CR 53, 10601; L. Dixon (D-Ind.), CR 53, 10579; Sen. J. Gallinger (R-N.H.), CR 53, 13797; F. Gillet (R-Mass.), CR 53, 10603; G. Helvering (D-Kans.), CR 53, A1771; W. Green (R-Iowa), CR 53, 10588; Sen. F. Newlands (D-Nev), box 335 Agriculture Records; R. Olney (D-Mass.), CR 53, 10615; Sen. A. Pomerene (D-Ohio), CR 53, 13804; P. Quin (D-Miss.), CR 53, 10613; C. Randall (R-Calif.), CR 53, Appendix 1500; A. Sabath (D-Ill.), CR 53, Appendix 1872; Sen. H. Smith (D-GA), CR 53, 13794; C. Sloan (R-Nebr.), CR 53, 10593; W. Stephens (Progressive-Calif.), 25 Mar. 1916 letter to Wilson, series 4, file 180, reel 234, Wilson Papers; Sen. F. Simmons (D-N.C.), 1 Sept. 1916 letter to McAdoo, container 165, McAdoo Papers. Opposed: I. Bacharach (R-N.Y.), CR 53, A1536; W. Bailey (D-Pa.), CR 53, 10616; Sen. J. Bankhead (D-Ala.), CR 53, 13868; L. Dyer (R-Mo.), CR 53, A1466; H. Emerson (R-Ohio), CR 53, A1456; J. Fordney (R-Mich.), CR 53, 10517; E. Hamilton (R-Mich.), CR 53, 10599; Sen. T. Hartwick (D-Calif.), CR 53, 13868; Sen. P. McCumber (R-N.D.), CR 53, 13801; J. Meeker (R-Mo.), CR 53, 10605; J.H. Moore (R-Pa.), CR 53, 10579, A1415; Sen. J. Shields (D-Ind.), CR 53, 13868; I. Siegel (R-N.Y.), CR 53, A1450; Sen. T. Sterling (R-S.D.), CR 53, 13794; and Sen. J. Vardaman (D-Miss.), CR 53, 13868.
164. For evidence of Glass and Owen's support see: 3 June 1916 letter from A. Peters to McAdoo, container 160, McAdoo Papers and 5 Jan. 1916 letter from Owen to Wilson, PWW 35, 433-4. Evidence of support for or opposition to the Tariff Commission is also available for the following other legislators. In favor: Sen. J. Alexander (D-Mo.), 26 Aug. 1916 letter to McAdoo, container 165, McAdoo Papers; H. Barnhart (D-Ind.), CR 53, A1416; C. Cline (D-Ind.), CR 53, 10611; J. Collier (D-Miss.), CR 53, 10584; Sen. A. Cummins (R-Iowa), CR 53, 13795; Sen. C. Curtis (R-Kans.), CR 53, 12971; C. Dickinson (D-Mo.), CR 53, 10601; L. Dixon (D-Ind.), CR 53, 10579; Sen. J. Gallinger (R-N.H.), CR 53, 13797; F. Gillet (R-Mass.), CR 53, 10603; G. Helvering (D-Kans.), CR 53, A1771; W. Green (R-Iowa), CR 53, 10588; Sen. F. Newlands (D-Nev), box 335 Agriculture Records; R. Olney (D-Mass.), CR 53, 10615; Sen. A. Pomerene (D-Ohio), CR 53, 13804; P. Quin (D-Miss.), CR 53, 10613; C. Randall (R-Calif.), CR 53, Appendix 1500; A. Sabath (D-Ill.), CR 53, Appendix 1872; Sen. H. Smith (D-GA), CR 53, 13794; C. Sloan (R-Nebr.), CR 53, 10593; W. Stephens (Progressive-Calif.), 25 Mar. 1916 letter to Wilson, series 4, file 180, reel 234, Wilson Papers; Sen. F. Simmons (D-N.C.), 1 Sept. 1916 letter to McAdoo, container 165, McAdoo Papers. Opposed: I. Bacharach (R-N.Y.), CR 53, A1536; W. Bailey (D-Pa.), CR 53, 10616; Sen. J. Bankhead (D-Ala.), CR 53, 13868; L. Dyer (R-Mo.), CR 53, A1466; H. Emerson (R-Ohio), CR 53, A1456; J. Fordney (R-Mich.), CR 53, 10517; E. Hamilton (R-Mich.), CR 53, 10599; Sen. T. Hartwick (D-Calif.), CR 53, 13868; Sen. P. McCumber (R-N.D.), CR 53, 13801; J. Meeker (R-Mo.), CR 53, 10605; J.H. Moore (R-Pa.), CR 53, 10579, A1415; Sen. J. Shields (D-Ind.), CR 53, 13868; I. Siegel (R-N.Y.), CR 53, A1450; Sen. T. Sterling (R-S.D.), CR 53, 13794; and Sen. J. Vardaman (D-Miss.), CR 53, 13868.
165. For evidence of Glass and Owen's support see: 3 June 1916 letter from A. Peters to McAdoo, container 160, McAdoo Papers and 5 Jan. 1916 letter from Owen to Wilson, PWW 35, 433-4. Evidence of support for or opposition to the Tariff Commission is also available for the following other legislators. In favor: Sen. J. Alexander (D-Mo.), 26 Aug. 1916 letter to McAdoo, container 165, McAdoo Papers; H. Barnhart (D-Ind.), CR 53, A1416; C. Cline (D-Ind.), CR 53, 10611; J. Collier (D-Miss.), CR 53, 10584; Sen. A. Cummins (R-Iowa), CR 53, 13795; Sen. C. Curtis (R-Kans.), CR 53, 12971; C. Dickinson (D-Mo.), CR 53, 10601; L. Dixon (D-Ind.), CR 53, 10579; Sen. J. Gallinger (R-N.H.), CR 53, 13797; F. Gillet (R-Mass.), CR 53, 10603; G. Helvering (D-Kans.), CR 53, A1771; W. Green (R-Iowa), CR 53, 10588; Sen. F. Newlands (D-Nev), box 335 Agriculture Records; R. Olney (D-Mass.), CR 53, 10615; Sen. A. Pomerene (D-Ohio), CR 53, 13804; P. Quin (D-Miss.), CR 53, 10613; C. Randall (R-Calif.), CR 53, Appendix 1500; A. Sabath (D-Ill.), CR 53, Appendix 1872; Sen. H. Smith (D-GA), CR 53, 13794; C. Sloan (R-Nebr.), CR 53, 10593; W. Stephens (Progressive-Calif.), 25 Mar. 1916 letter to Wilson, series 4, file 180, reel 234, Wilson Papers; Sen. F. Simmons (D-N.C.), 1 Sept. 1916 letter to McAdoo, container 165, McAdoo Papers. Opposed: I. Bacharach (R-N.Y.), CR 53, A1536; W. Bailey (D-Pa.), CR 53, 10616; Sen. J. Bankhead (D-Ala.), CR 53, 13868; L. Dyer (R-Mo.), CR 53, A1466; H. Emerson (R-Ohio), CR 53, A1456; J. Fordney (R-Mich.), CR 53, 10517; E. Hamilton (R-Mich.), CR 53, 10599; Sen. T. Hartwick (D-Calif.), CR 53, 13868; Sen. P. McCumber (R-N.D.), CR 53, 13801; J. Meeker (R-Mo.), CR 53, 10605; J.H. Moore (R-Pa.), CR 53, 10579, A1415; Sen. J. Shields (D-Ind.), CR 53, 13868; I. Siegel (R-N.Y.), CR 53, A1450; Sen. T. Sterling (R-S.D.), CR 53, 13794; and Sen. J. Vardaman (D-Miss.), CR 53, 13868.
166. For evidence of Glass and Owen's support see: 3 June 1916 letter from A. Peters to McAdoo, container 160, McAdoo Papers and 5 Jan. 1916 letter from Owen to Wilson, PWW 35, 433-4. Evidence of support for or opposition to the Tariff Commission is also available for the following other legislators. In favor: Sen. J. Alexander (D-Mo.), 26 Aug. 1916 letter to McAdoo, container 165, McAdoo Papers; H. Barnhart (D-Ind.), CR 53, A1416; C. Cline (D-Ind.), CR 53, 10611; J. Collier (D-Miss.), CR 53, 10584; Sen. A. Cummins (R-Iowa), CR 53, 13795; Sen. C. Curtis (R-Kans.), CR 53, 12971; C. Dickinson (D-Mo.), CR 53, 10601; L. Dixon (D-Ind.), CR 53, 10579; Sen. J. Gallinger (R-N.H.), CR 53, 13797; F. Gillet (R-Mass.), CR 53, 10603; G. Helvering (D-Kans.), CR 53, A1771; W. Green (R-Iowa), CR 53, 10588; Sen. F. Newlands (D-Nev), box 335 Agriculture Records; R. Olney (D-Mass.), CR 53, 10615; Sen. A. Pomerene (D-Ohio), CR 53, 13804; P. Quin (D-Miss.), CR 53, 10613; C. Randall (R-Calif.), CR 53, Appendix 1500; A. Sabath (D-Ill.), CR 53, Appendix 1872; Sen. H. Smith (D-GA), CR 53, 13794; C. Sloan (R-Nebr.), CR 53, 10593; W. Stephens (Progressive-Calif.), 25 Mar. 1916 letter to Wilson, series 4, file 180, reel 234, Wilson Papers; Sen. F. Simmons (D-N.C.), 1 Sept. 1916 letter to McAdoo, container 165, McAdoo Papers. Opposed: I. Bacharach (R-N.Y.), CR 53, A1536; W. Bailey (D-Pa.), CR 53, 10616; Sen. J. Bankhead (D-Ala.), CR 53, 13868; L. Dyer (R-Mo.), CR 53, A1466; H. Emerson (R-Ohio), CR 53, A1456; J. Fordney (R-Mich.), CR 53, 10517; E. Hamilton (R-Mich.), CR 53, 10599; Sen. T. Hartwick (D-Calif.), CR 53, 13868; Sen. P. McCumber (R-N.D.), CR 53, 13801; J. Meeker (R-Mo.), CR 53, 10605; J.H. Moore (R-Pa.), CR 53, 10579, A1415; Sen. J. Shields (D-Ind.), CR 53, 13868; I. Siegel (R-N.Y.), CR 53, A1450; Sen. T. Sterling (R-S.D.), CR 53, 13794; and Sen. J. Vardaman (D-Miss.), CR 53, 13868.
167. For evidence of Glass and Owen's support see: 3 June 1916 letter from A. Peters to McAdoo, container 160, McAdoo Papers and 5 Jan. 1916 letter from Owen to Wilson, PWW 35, 433-4. Evidence of support for or opposition to the Tariff Commission is also available for the following other legislators. In favor: Sen. J. Alexander (D-Mo.), 26 Aug. 1916 letter to McAdoo, container 165, McAdoo Papers; H. Barnhart (D-Ind.), CR 53, A1416; C. Cline (D-Ind.), CR 53, 10611; J. Collier (D-Miss.), CR 53, 10584; Sen. A. Cummins (R-Iowa), CR 53, 13795; Sen. C. Curtis (R-Kans.), CR 53, 12971; C. Dickinson (D-Mo.), CR 53, 10601; L. Dixon (D-Ind.), CR 53, 10579; Sen. J. Gallinger (R-N.H.), CR 53, 13797; F. Gillet (R-Mass.), CR 53, 10603; G. Helvering (D-Kans.), CR 53, A1771; W. Green (R-Iowa), CR 53, 10588; Sen. F. Newlands (D-Nev), box 335 Agriculture Records; R. Olney (D-Mass.), CR 53, 10615; Sen. A. Pomerene (D-Ohio), CR 53, 13804; P. Quin (D-Miss.), CR 53, 10613; C. Randall (R-Calif.), CR 53, Appendix 1500; A. Sabath (D-Ill.), CR 53, Appendix 1872; Sen. H. Smith (D-GA), CR 53, 13794; C. Sloan (R-Nebr.), CR 53, 10593; W. Stephens (Progressive-Calif.), 25 Mar. 1916 letter to Wilson, series 4, file 180, reel 234, Wilson Papers; Sen. F. Simmons (D-N.C.), 1 Sept. 1916 letter to McAdoo, container 165, McAdoo Papers. Opposed: I. Bacharach (R-N.Y.), CR 53, A1536; W. Bailey (D-Pa.), CR 53, 10616; Sen. J. Bankhead (D-Ala.), CR 53, 13868; L. Dyer (R-Mo.), CR 53, A1466; H. Emerson (R-Ohio), CR 53, A1456; J. Fordney (R-Mich.), CR 53, 10517; E. Hamilton (R-Mich.), CR 53, 10599; Sen. T. Hartwick (D-Calif.), CR 53, 13868; Sen. P. McCumber (R-N.D.), CR 53, 13801; J. Meeker (R-Mo.), CR 53, 10605; J.H. Moore (R-Pa.), CR 53, 10579, A1415; Sen. J. Shields (D-Ind.), CR 53, 13868; I. Siegel (R-N.Y.), CR 53, A1450; Sen. T. Sterling (R-S.D.), CR 53, 13794; and Sen. J. Vardaman (D-Miss.), CR 53, 13868.
168. For evidence of Glass and Owen's support see: 3 June 1916 letter from A. Peters to McAdoo, container 160, McAdoo Papers and 5 Jan. 1916 letter from Owen to Wilson, PWW 35, 433-4. Evidence of support for or opposition to the Tariff Commission is also available for the following other legislators. In favor: Sen. J. Alexander (D-Mo.), 26 Aug. 1916 letter to McAdoo, container 165, McAdoo Papers; H. Barnhart (D-Ind.), CR 53, A1416; C. Cline (D-Ind.), CR 53, 10611; J. Collier (D-Miss.), CR 53, 10584; Sen. A. Cummins (R-Iowa), CR 53, 13795; Sen. C. Curtis (R-Kans.), CR 53, 12971; C. Dickinson (D-Mo.), CR 53, 10601; L. Dixon (D-Ind.), CR 53, 10579; Sen. J. Gallinger (R-N.H.), CR 53, 13797; F. Gillet (R-Mass.), CR 53, 10603; G. Helvering (D-Kans.), CR 53, A1771; W. Green (R-Iowa), CR 53, 10588; Sen. F. Newlands (D-Nev), box 335 Agriculture Records; R. Olney (D-Mass.), CR 53, 10615; Sen. A. Pomerene (D-Ohio), CR 53, 13804; P. Quin (D-Miss.), CR 53, 10613; C. Randall (R-Calif.), CR 53, Appendix 1500; A. Sabath (D-Ill.), CR 53, Appendix 1872; Sen. H. Smith (D-GA), CR 53, 13794; C. Sloan (R-Nebr.), CR 53, 10593; W. Stephens (Progressive-Calif.), 25 Mar. 1916 letter to Wilson, series 4, file 180, reel 234, Wilson Papers; Sen. F. Simmons (D-N.C.), 1 Sept. 1916 letter to McAdoo, container 165, McAdoo Papers. Opposed: I. Bacharach (R-N.Y.), CR 53, A1536; W. Bailey (D-Pa.), CR 53, 10616; Sen. J. Bankhead (D-Ala.), CR 53, 13868; L. Dyer (R-Mo.), CR 53, A1466; H. Emerson (R-Ohio), CR 53, A1456; J. Fordney (R-Mich.), CR 53, 10517; E. Hamilton (R-Mich.), CR 53, 10599; Sen. T. Hartwick (D-Calif.), CR 53, 13868; Sen. P. McCumber (R-N.D.), CR 53, 13801; J. Meeker (R-Mo.), CR 53, 10605; J.H. Moore (R-Pa.), CR 53, 10579, A1415; Sen. J. Shields (D-Ind.), CR 53, 13868; I. Siegel (R-N.Y.), CR 53, A1450; Sen. T. Sterling (R-S.D.), CR 53, 13794; and Sen. J. Vardaman (D-Miss.), CR 53, 13868.
169. For evidence of Glass and Owen's support see: 3 June 1916 letter from A. Peters to McAdoo, container 160, McAdoo Papers and 5 Jan. 1916 letter from Owen to Wilson, PWW 35, 433-4. Evidence of support for or opposition to the Tariff Commission is also available for the following other legislators. In favor: Sen. J. Alexander (D-Mo.), 26 Aug. 1916 letter to McAdoo, container 165, McAdoo Papers; H. Barnhart (D-Ind.), CR 53, A1416; C. Cline (D-Ind.), CR 53, 10611; J. Collier (D-Miss.), CR 53, 10584; Sen. A. Cummins (R-Iowa), CR 53, 13795; Sen. C. Curtis (R-Kans.), CR 53, 12971; C. Dickinson (D-Mo.), CR 53, 10601; L. Dixon (D-Ind.), CR 53, 10579; Sen. J. Gallinger (R-N.H.), CR 53, 13797; F. Gillet (R-Mass.), CR 53, 10603; G. Helvering (D-Kans.), CR 53, A1771; W. Green (R-Iowa), CR 53, 10588; Sen. F. Newlands (D-Nev), box 335 Agriculture Records; R. Olney (D-Mass.), CR 53, 10615; Sen. A. Pomerene (D-Ohio), CR 53, 13804; P. Quin (D-Miss.), CR 53, 10613; C. Randall (R-Calif.), CR 53, Appendix 1500; A. Sabath (D-Ill.), CR 53, Appendix 1872; Sen. H. Smith (D-GA), CR 53, 13794; C. Sloan (R-Nebr.), CR 53, 10593; W. Stephens (Progressive-Calif.), 25 Mar. 1916 letter to Wilson, series 4, file 180, reel 234, Wilson Papers; Sen. F. Simmons (D-N.C.), 1 Sept. 1916 letter to McAdoo, container 165, McAdoo Papers. Opposed: I. Bacharach (R-N.Y.), CR 53, A1536; W. Bailey (D-Pa.), CR 53, 10616; Sen. J. Bankhead (D-Ala.), CR 53, 13868; L. Dyer (R-Mo.), CR 53, A1466; H. Emerson (R-Ohio), CR 53, A1456; J. Fordney (R-Mich.), CR 53, 10517; E. Hamilton (R-Mich.), CR 53, 10599; Sen. T. Hartwick (D-Calif.), CR 53, 13868; Sen. P. McCumber (R-N.D.), CR 53, 13801; J. Meeker (R-Mo.), CR 53, 10605; J.H. Moore (R-Pa.), CR 53, 10579, A1415; Sen. J. Shields (D-Ind.), CR 53, 13868; I. Siegel (R-N.Y.), CR 53, A1450; Sen. T. Sterling (R-S.D.), CR 53, 13794; and Sen. J. Vardaman (D-Miss.), CR 53, 13868.
170. For evidence of Glass and Owen's support see: 3 June 1916 letter from A. Peters to McAdoo, container 160, McAdoo Papers and 5 Jan. 1916 letter from Owen to Wilson, PWW 35, 433-4. Evidence of support for or opposition to the Tariff Commission is also available for the following other legislators. In favor: Sen. J. Alexander (D-Mo.), 26 Aug. 1916 letter to McAdoo, container 165, McAdoo Papers; H. Barnhart (D-Ind.), CR 53, A1416; C. Cline (D-Ind.), CR 53, 10611; J. Collier (D-Miss.), CR 53, 10584; Sen. A. Cummins (R-Iowa), CR 53, 13795; Sen. C. Curtis (R-Kans.), CR 53, 12971; C. Dickinson (D-Mo.), CR 53, 10601; L. Dixon (D-Ind.), CR 53, 10579; Sen. J. Gallinger (R-N.H.), CR 53, 13797; F. Gillet (R-Mass.), CR 53, 10603; G. Helvering (D-Kans.), CR 53, A1771; W. Green (R-Iowa), CR 53, 10588; Sen. F. Newlands (D-Nev), box 335 Agriculture Records; R. Olney (D-Mass.), CR 53, 10615; Sen. A. Pomerene (D-Ohio), CR 53, 13804; P. Quin (D-Miss.), CR 53, 10613; C. Randall (R-Calif.), CR 53, Appendix 1500; A. Sabath (D-Ill.), CR 53, Appendix 1872; Sen. H. Smith (D-GA), CR 53, 13794; C. Sloan (R-Nebr.), CR 53, 10593; W. Stephens (Progressive-Calif.), 25 Mar. 1916 letter to Wilson, series 4, file 180, reel 234, Wilson Papers; Sen. F. Simmons (D-N.C.), 1 Sept. 1916 letter to McAdoo, container 165, McAdoo Papers. Opposed: I. Bacharach (R-N.Y.), CR 53, A1536; W. Bailey (D-Pa.), CR 53, 10616; Sen. J. Bankhead (D-Ala.), CR 53, 13868; L. Dyer (R-Mo.), CR 53, A1466; H. Emerson (R-Ohio), CR 53, A1456; J. Fordney (R-Mich.), CR 53, 10517; E. Hamilton (R-Mich.), CR 53, 10599; Sen. T. Hartwick (D-Calif.), CR 53, 13868; Sen. P. McCumber (R-N.D.), CR 53, 13801; J. Meeker (R-Mo.), CR 53, 10605; J.H. Moore (R-Pa.), CR 53, 10579, A1415; Sen. J. Shields (D-Ind.), CR 53, 13868; I. Siegel (R-N.Y.), CR 53, A1450; Sen. T. Sterling (R-S.D.), CR 53, 13794; and Sen. J. Vardaman (D-Miss.), CR 53, 13868.
171. For evidence of Glass and Owen's support see: 3 June 1916 letter from A. Peters to McAdoo, container 160, McAdoo Papers and 5 Jan. 1916 letter from Owen to Wilson, PWW 35, 433-4. Evidence of support for or opposition to the Tariff Commission is also available for the following other legislators. In favor: Sen. J. Alexander (D-Mo.), 26 Aug. 1916 letter to McAdoo, container 165, McAdoo Papers; H. Barnhart (D-Ind.), CR 53, A1416; C. Cline (D-Ind.), CR 53, 10611; J. Collier (D-Miss.), CR 53, 10584; Sen. A. Cummins (R-Iowa), CR 53, 13795; Sen. C. Curtis (R-Kans.), CR 53, 12971; C. Dickinson (D-Mo.), CR 53, 10601; L. Dixon (D-Ind.), CR 53, 10579; Sen. J. Gallinger (R-N.H.), CR 53, 13797; F. Gillet (R-Mass.), CR 53, 10603; G. Helvering (D-Kans.), CR 53, A1771; W. Green (R-Iowa), CR 53, 10588; Sen. F. Newlands (D-Nev), box 335 Agriculture Records; R. Olney (D-Mass.), CR 53, 10615; Sen. A. Pomerene (D-Ohio), CR 53, 13804; P. Quin (D-Miss.), CR 53, 10613; C. Randall (R-Calif.), CR 53, Appendix 1500; A. Sabath (D-Ill.), CR 53, Appendix 1872; Sen. H. Smith (D-GA), CR 53, 13794; C. Sloan (R-Nebr.), CR 53, 10593; W. Stephens (Progressive-Calif.), 25 Mar. 1916 letter to Wilson, series 4, file 180, reel 234, Wilson Papers; Sen. F. Simmons (D-N.C.), 1 Sept. 1916 letter to McAdoo, container 165, McAdoo Papers. Opposed: I. Bacharach (R-N.Y.), CR 53, A1536; W. Bailey (D-Pa.), CR 53, 10616; Sen. J. Bankhead (D-Ala.), CR 53, 13868; L. Dyer (R-Mo.), CR 53, A1466; H. Emerson (R-Ohio), CR 53, A1456; J. Fordney (R-Mich.), CR 53, 10517; E. Hamilton (R-Mich.), CR 53, 10599; Sen. T. Hartwick (D-Calif.), CR 53, 13868; Sen. P. McCumber (R-N.D.), CR 53, 13801; J. Meeker (R-Mo.), CR 53, 10605; J.H. Moore (R-Pa.), CR 53, 10579, A1415; Sen. J. Shields (D-Ind.), CR 53, 13868; I. Siegel (R-N.Y.), CR 53, A1450; Sen. T. Sterling (R-S.D.), CR 53, 13794; and Sen. J. Vardaman (D-Miss.), CR 53, 13868.
172. For evidence of Glass and Owen's support see: 3 June 1916 letter from A. Peters to McAdoo, container 160, McAdoo Papers and 5 Jan. 1916 letter from Owen to Wilson, PWW 35, 433-4. Evidence of support for or opposition to the Tariff Commission is also available for the following other legislators. In favor: Sen. J. Alexander (D-Mo.), 26 Aug. 1916 letter to McAdoo, container 165, McAdoo Papers; H. Barnhart (D-Ind.), CR 53, A1416; C. Cline (D-Ind.), CR 53, 10611; J. Collier (D-Miss.), CR 53, 10584; Sen. A. Cummins (R-Iowa), CR 53, 13795; Sen. C. Curtis (R-Kans.), CR 53, 12971; C. Dickinson (D-Mo.), CR 53, 10601; L. Dixon (D-Ind.), CR 53, 10579; Sen. J. Gallinger (R-N.H.), CR 53, 13797; F. Gillet (R-Mass.), CR 53, 10603; G. Helvering (D-Kans.), CR 53, A1771; W. Green (R-Iowa), CR 53, 10588; Sen. F. Newlands (D-Nev), box 335 Agriculture Records; R. Olney (D-Mass.), CR 53, 10615; Sen. A. Pomerene (D-Ohio), CR 53, 13804; P. Quin (D-Miss.), CR 53, 10613; C. Randall (R-Calif.), CR 53, Appendix 1500; A. Sabath (D-Ill.), CR 53, Appendix 1872; Sen. H. Smith (D-GA), CR 53, 13794; C. Sloan (R-Nebr.), CR 53, 10593; W. Stephens (Progressive-Calif.), 25 Mar. 1916 letter to Wilson, series 4, file 180, reel 234, Wilson Papers; Sen. F. Simmons (D-N.C.), 1 Sept. 1916 letter to McAdoo, container 165, McAdoo Papers. Opposed: I. Bacharach (R-N.Y.), CR 53, A1536; W. Bailey (D-Pa.), CR 53, 10616; Sen. J. Bankhead (D-Ala.), CR 53, 13868; L. Dyer (R-Mo.), CR 53, A1466; H. Emerson (R-Ohio), CR 53, A1456; J. Fordney (R-Mich.), CR 53, 10517; E. Hamilton (R-Mich.), CR 53, 10599; Sen. T. Hartwick (D-Calif.), CR 53, 13868; Sen. P. McCumber (R-N.D.), CR 53, 13801; J. Meeker (R-Mo.), CR 53, 10605; J.H. Moore (R-Pa.), CR 53, 10579, A1415; Sen. J. Shields (D-Ind.), CR 53, 13868; I. Siegel (R-N.Y.), CR 53, A1450; Sen. T. Sterling (R-S.D.), CR 53, 13794; and Sen. J. Vardaman (D-Miss.), CR 53, 13868.
173. For evidence of Glass and Owen's support see: 3 June 1916 letter from A. Peters to McAdoo, container 160, McAdoo Papers and 5 Jan. 1916 letter from Owen to Wilson, PWW 35, 433-4. Evidence of support for or opposition to the Tariff Commission is also available for the following other legislators. In favor: Sen. J. Alexander (D-Mo.), 26 Aug. 1916 letter to McAdoo, container 165, McAdoo Papers; H. Barnhart (D-Ind.), CR 53, A1416; C. Cline (D-Ind.), CR 53, 10611; J. Collier (D-Miss.), CR 53, 10584; Sen. A. Cummins (R-Iowa), CR 53, 13795; Sen. C. Curtis (R-Kans.), CR 53, 12971; C. Dickinson (D-Mo.), CR 53, 10601; L. Dixon (D-Ind.), CR 53, 10579; Sen. J. Gallinger (R-N.H.), CR 53, 13797; F. Gillet (R-Mass.), CR 53, 10603; G. Helvering (D-Kans.), CR 53, A1771; W. Green (R-Iowa), CR 53, 10588; Sen. F. Newlands (D-Nev), box 335 Agriculture Records; R. Olney (D-Mass.), CR 53, 10615; Sen. A. Pomerene (D-Ohio), CR 53, 13804; P. Quin (D-Miss.), CR 53, 10613; C. Randall (R-Calif.), CR 53, Appendix 1500; A. Sabath (D-Ill.), CR 53, Appendix 1872; Sen. H. Smith (D-GA), CR 53, 13794; C. Sloan (R-Nebr.), CR 53, 10593; W. Stephens (Progressive-Calif.), 25 Mar. 1916 letter to Wilson, series 4, file 180, reel 234, Wilson Papers; Sen. F. Simmons (D-N.C.), 1 Sept. 1916 letter to McAdoo, container 165, McAdoo Papers. Opposed: I. Bacharach (R-N.Y.), CR 53, A1536; W. Bailey (D-Pa.), CR 53, 10616; Sen. J. Bankhead (D-Ala.), CR 53, 13868; L. Dyer (R-Mo.), CR 53, A1466; H. Emerson (R-Ohio), CR 53, A1456; J. Fordney (R-Mich.), CR 53, 10517; E. Hamilton (R-Mich.), CR 53, 10599; Sen. T. Hartwick (D-Calif.), CR 53, 13868; Sen. P. McCumber (R-N.D.), CR 53, 13801; J. Meeker (R-Mo.), CR 53, 10605; J.H. Moore (R-Pa.), CR 53, 10579, A1415; Sen. J. Shields (D-Ind.), CR 53, 13868; I. Siegel (R-N.Y.), CR 53, A1450; Sen. T. Sterling (R-S.D.), CR 53, 13794; and Sen. J. Vardaman (D-Miss.), CR 53, 13868.
174. For evidence of Glass and Owen's support see: 3 June 1916 letter from A. Peters to McAdoo, container 160, McAdoo Papers and 5 Jan. 1916 letter from Owen to Wilson, PWW 35, 433-4. Evidence of support for or opposition to the Tariff Commission is also available for the following other legislators. In favor: Sen. J. Alexander (D-Mo.), 26 Aug. 1916 letter to McAdoo, container 165, McAdoo Papers; H. Barnhart (D-Ind.), CR 53, A1416; C. Cline (D-Ind.), CR 53, 10611; J. Collier (D-Miss.), CR 53, 10584; Sen. A. Cummins (R-Iowa), CR 53, 13795; Sen. C. Curtis (R-Kans.), CR 53, 12971; C. Dickinson (D-Mo.), CR 53, 10601; L. Dixon (D-Ind.), CR 53, 10579; Sen. J. Gallinger (R-N.H.), CR 53, 13797; F. Gillet (R-Mass.), CR 53, 10603; G. Helvering (D-Kans.), CR 53, A1771; W. Green (R-Iowa), CR 53, 10588; Sen. F. Newlands (D-Nev), box 335 Agriculture Records; R. Olney (D-Mass.), CR 53, 10615; Sen. A. Pomerene (D-Ohio), CR 53, 13804; P. Quin (D-Miss.), CR 53, 10613; C. Randall (R-Calif.), CR 53, Appendix 1500; A. Sabath (D-Ill.), CR 53, Appendix 1872; Sen. H. Smith (D-GA), CR 53, 13794; C. Sloan (R-Nebr.), CR 53, 10593; W. Stephens (Progressive-Calif.), 25 Mar. 1916 letter to Wilson, series 4, file 180, reel 234, Wilson Papers; Sen. F. Simmons (D-N.C.), 1 Sept. 1916 letter to McAdoo, container 165, McAdoo Papers. Opposed: I. Bacharach (R-N.Y.), CR 53, A1536; W. Bailey (D-Pa.), CR 53, 10616; Sen. J. Bankhead (D-Ala.), CR 53, 13868; L. Dyer (R-Mo.), CR 53, A1466; H. Emerson (R-Ohio), CR 53, A1456; J. Fordney (R-Mich.), CR 53, 10517; E. Hamilton (R-Mich.), CR 53, 10599; Sen. T. Hartwick (D-Calif.), CR 53, 13868; Sen. P. McCumber (R-N.D.), CR 53, 13801; J. Meeker (R-Mo.), CR 53, 10605; J.H. Moore (R-Pa.), CR 53, 10579, A1415; Sen. J. Shields (D-Ind.), CR 53, 13868; I. Siegel (R-N.Y.), CR 53, A1450; Sen. T. Sterling (R-S.D.), CR 53, 13794; and Sen. J. Vardaman (D-Miss.), CR 53, 13868.
175. For evidence of Glass and Owen's support see: 3 June 1916 letter from A. Peters to McAdoo, container 160, McAdoo Papers and 5 Jan. 1916 letter from Owen to Wilson, PWW 35, 433-4. Evidence of support for or opposition to the Tariff Commission is also available for the following other legislators. In favor: Sen. J. Alexander (D-Mo.), 26 Aug. 1916 letter to McAdoo, container 165, McAdoo Papers; H. Barnhart (D-Ind.), CR 53, A1416; C. Cline (D-Ind.), CR 53, 10611; J. Collier (D-Miss.), CR 53, 10584; Sen. A. Cummins (R-Iowa), CR 53, 13795; Sen. C. Curtis (R-Kans.), CR 53, 12971; C. Dickinson (D-Mo.), CR 53, 10601; L. Dixon (D-Ind.), CR 53, 10579; Sen. J. Gallinger (R-N.H.), CR 53, 13797; F. Gillet (R-Mass.), CR 53, 10603; G. Helvering (D-Kans.), CR 53, A1771; W. Green (R-Iowa), CR 53, 10588; Sen. F. Newlands (D-Nev), box 335 Agriculture Records; R. Olney (D-Mass.), CR 53, 10615; Sen. A. Pomerene (D-Ohio), CR 53, 13804; P. Quin (D-Miss.), CR 53, 10613; C. Randall (R-Calif.), CR 53, Appendix 1500; A. Sabath (D-Ill.), CR 53, Appendix 1872; Sen. H. Smith (D-GA), CR 53, 13794; C. Sloan (R-Nebr.), CR 53, 10593; W. Stephens (Progressive-Calif.), 25 Mar. 1916 letter to Wilson, series 4, file 180, reel 234, Wilson Papers; Sen. F. Simmons (D-N.C.), 1 Sept. 1916 letter to McAdoo, container 165, McAdoo Papers. Opposed: I. Bacharach (R-N.Y.), CR 53, A1536; W. Bailey (D-Pa.), CR 53, 10616; Sen. J. Bankhead (D-Ala.), CR 53, 13868; L. Dyer (R-Mo.), CR 53, A1466; H. Emerson (R-Ohio), CR 53, A1456; J. Fordney (R-Mich.), CR 53, 10517; E. Hamilton (R-Mich.), CR 53, 10599; Sen. T. Hartwick (D-Calif.), CR 53, 13868; Sen. P. McCumber (R-N.D.), CR 53, 13801; J. Meeker (R-Mo.), CR 53, 10605; J.H. Moore (R-Pa.), CR 53, 10579, A1415; Sen. J. Shields (D-Ind.), CR 53, 13868; I. Siegel (R-N.Y.), CR 53, A1450; Sen. T. Sterling (R-S.D.), CR 53, 13794; and Sen. J. Vardaman (D-Miss.), CR 53, 13868.
176. For evidence of Glass and Owen's support see: 3 June 1916 letter from A. Peters to McAdoo, container 160, McAdoo Papers and 5 Jan. 1916 letter from Owen to Wilson, PWW 35, 433-4. Evidence of support for or opposition to the Tariff Commission is also available for the following other legislators. In favor: Sen. J. Alexander (D-Mo.), 26 Aug. 1916 letter to McAdoo, container 165, McAdoo Papers; H. Barnhart (D-Ind.), CR 53, A1416; C. Cline (D-Ind.), CR 53, 10611; J. Collier (D-Miss.), CR 53, 10584; Sen. A. Cummins (R-Iowa), CR 53, 13795; Sen. C. Curtis (R-Kans.), CR 53, 12971; C. Dickinson (D-Mo.), CR 53, 10601; L. Dixon (D-Ind.), CR 53, 10579; Sen. J. Gallinger (R-N.H.), CR 53, 13797; F. Gillet (R-Mass.), CR 53, 10603; G. Helvering (D-Kans.), CR 53, A1771; W. Green (R-Iowa), CR 53, 10588; Sen. F. Newlands (D-Nev), box 335 Agriculture Records; R. Olney (D-Mass.), CR 53, 10615; Sen. A. Pomerene (D-Ohio), CR 53, 13804; P. Quin (D-Miss.), CR 53, 10613; C. Randall (R-Calif.), CR 53, Appendix 1500; A. Sabath (D-Ill.), CR 53, Appendix 1872; Sen. H. Smith (D-GA), CR 53, 13794; C. Sloan (R-Nebr.), CR 53, 10593; W. Stephens (Progressive-Calif.), 25 Mar. 1916 letter to Wilson, series 4, file 180, reel 234, Wilson Papers; Sen. F. Simmons (D-N.C.), 1 Sept. 1916 letter to McAdoo, container 165, McAdoo Papers. Opposed: I. Bacharach (R-N.Y.), CR 53, A1536; W. Bailey (D-Pa.), CR 53, 10616; Sen. J. Bankhead (D-Ala.), CR 53, 13868; L. Dyer (R-Mo.), CR 53, A1466; H. Emerson (R-Ohio), CR 53, A1456; J. Fordney (R-Mich.), CR 53, 10517; E. Hamilton (R-Mich.), CR 53, 10599; Sen. T. Hartwick (D-Calif.), CR 53, 13868; Sen. P. McCumber (R-N.D.), CR 53, 13801; J. Meeker (R-Mo.), CR 53, 10605; J.H. Moore (R-Pa.), CR 53, 10579, A1415; Sen. J. Shields (D-Ind.), CR 53, 13868; I. Siegel (R-N.Y.), CR 53, A1450; Sen. T. Sterling (R-S.D.), CR 53, 13794; and Sen. J. Vardaman (D-Miss.), CR 53, 13868.
177. For evidence of Glass and Owen's support see: 3 June 1916 letter from A. Peters to McAdoo, container 160, McAdoo Papers and 5 Jan. 1916 letter from Owen to Wilson, PWW 35, 433-4. Evidence of support for or opposition to the Tariff Commission is also available for the following other legislators. In favor: Sen. J. Alexander (D-Mo.), 26 Aug. 1916 letter to McAdoo, container 165, McAdoo Papers; H. Barnhart (D-Ind.), CR 53, A1416; C. Cline (D-Ind.), CR 53, 10611; J. Collier (D-Miss.), CR 53, 10584; Sen. A. Cummins (R-Iowa), CR 53, 13795; Sen. C. Curtis (R-Kans.), CR 53, 12971; C. Dickinson (D-Mo.), CR 53, 10601; L. Dixon (D-Ind.), CR 53, 10579; Sen. J. Gallinger (R-N.H.), CR 53, 13797; F. Gillet (R-Mass.), CR 53, 10603; G. Helvering (D-Kans.), CR 53, A1771; W. Green (R-Iowa), CR 53, 10588; Sen. F. Newlands (D-Nev), box 335 Agriculture Records; R. Olney (D-Mass.), CR 53, 10615; Sen. A. Pomerene (D-Ohio), CR 53, 13804; P. Quin (D-Miss.), CR 53, 10613; C. Randall (R-Calif.), CR 53, Appendix 1500; A. Sabath (D-Ill.), CR 53, Appendix 1872; Sen. H. Smith (D-GA), CR 53, 13794; C. Sloan (R-Nebr.), CR 53, 10593; W. Stephens (Progressive-Calif.), 25 Mar. 1916 letter to Wilson, series 4, file 180, reel 234, Wilson Papers; Sen. F. Simmons (D-N.C.), 1 Sept. 1916 letter to McAdoo, container 165, McAdoo Papers. Opposed: I. Bacharach (R-N.Y.), CR 53, A1536; W. Bailey (D-Pa.), CR 53, 10616; Sen. J. Bankhead (D-Ala.), CR 53, 13868; L. Dyer (R-Mo.), CR 53, A1466; H. Emerson (R-Ohio), CR 53, A1456; J. Fordney (R-Mich.), CR 53, 10517; E. Hamilton (R-Mich.), CR 53, 10599; Sen. T. Hartwick (D-Calif.), CR 53, 13868; Sen. P. McCumber (R-N.D.), CR 53, 13801; J. Meeker (R-Mo.), CR 53, 10605; J.H. Moore (R-Pa.), CR 53, 10579, A1415; Sen. J. Shields (D-Ind.), CR 53, 13868; I. Siegel (R-N.Y.), CR 53, A1450; Sen. T. Sterling (R-S.D.), CR 53, 13794; and Sen. J. Vardaman (D-Miss.), CR 53, 13868.
178. For evidence of Glass and Owen's support see: 3 June 1916 letter from A. Peters to McAdoo, container 160, McAdoo Papers and 5 Jan. 1916 letter from Owen to Wilson, PWW 35, 433-4. Evidence of support for or opposition to the Tariff Commission is also available for the following other legislators. In favor: Sen. J. Alexander (D-Mo.), 26 Aug. 1916 letter to McAdoo, container 165, McAdoo Papers; H. Barnhart (D-Ind.), CR 53, A1416; C. Cline (D-Ind.), CR 53, 10611; J. Collier (D-Miss.), CR 53, 10584; Sen. A. Cummins (R-Iowa), CR 53, 13795; Sen. C. Curtis (R-Kans.), CR 53, 12971; C. Dickinson (D-Mo.), CR 53, 10601; L. Dixon (D-Ind.), CR 53, 10579; Sen. J. Gallinger (R-N.H.), CR 53, 13797; F. Gillet (R-Mass.), CR 53, 10603; G. Helvering (D-Kans.), CR 53, A1771; W. Green (R-Iowa), CR 53, 10588; Sen. F. Newlands (D-Nev), box 335 Agriculture Records; R. Olney (D-Mass.), CR 53, 10615; Sen. A. Pomerene (D-Ohio), CR 53, 13804; P. Quin (D-Miss.), CR 53, 10613; C. Randall (R-Calif.), CR 53, Appendix 1500; A. Sabath (D-Ill.), CR 53, Appendix 1872; Sen. H. Smith (D-GA), CR 53, 13794; C. Sloan (R-Nebr.), CR 53, 10593; W. Stephens (Progressive-Calif.), 25 Mar. 1916 letter to Wilson, series 4, file 180, reel 234, Wilson Papers; Sen. F. Simmons (D-N.C.), 1 Sept. 1916 letter to McAdoo, container 165, McAdoo Papers. Opposed: I. Bacharach (R-N.Y.), CR 53, A1536; W. Bailey (D-Pa.), CR 53, 10616; Sen. J. Bankhead (D-Ala.), CR 53, 13868; L. Dyer (R-Mo.), CR 53, A1466; H. Emerson (R-Ohio), CR 53, A1456; J. Fordney (R-Mich.), CR 53, 10517; E. Hamilton (R-Mich.), CR 53, 10599; Sen. T. Hartwick (D-Calif.), CR 53, 13868; Sen. P. McCumber (R-N.D.), CR 53, 13801; J. Meeker (R-Mo.), CR 53, 10605; J.H. Moore (R-Pa.), CR 53, 10579, A1415; Sen. J. Shields (D-Ind.), CR 53, 13868; I. Siegel (R-N.Y.), CR 53, A1450; Sen. T. Sterling (R-S.D.), CR 53, 13794; and Sen. J. Vardaman (D-Miss.), CR 53, 13868.
179. For evidence of Glass and Owen's support see: 3 June 1916 letter from A. Peters to McAdoo, container 160, McAdoo Papers and 5 Jan. 1916 letter from Owen to Wilson, PWW 35, 433-4. Evidence of support for or opposition to the Tariff Commission is also available for the following other legislators. In favor: Sen. J. Alexander (D-Mo.), 26 Aug. 1916 letter to McAdoo, container 165, McAdoo Papers; H. Barnhart (D-Ind.), CR 53, A1416; C. Cline (D-Ind.), CR 53, 10611; J. Collier (D-Miss.), CR 53, 10584; Sen. A. Cummins (R-Iowa), CR 53, 13795; Sen. C. Curtis (R-Kans.), CR 53, 12971; C. Dickinson (D-Mo.), CR 53, 10601; L. Dixon (D-Ind.), CR 53, 10579; Sen. J. Gallinger (R-N.H.), CR 53, 13797; F. Gillet (R-Mass.), CR 53, 10603; G. Helvering (D-Kans.), CR 53, A1771; W. Green (R-Iowa), CR 53, 10588; Sen. F. Newlands (D-Nev), box 335 Agriculture Records; R. Olney (D-Mass.), CR 53, 10615; Sen. A. Pomerene (D-Ohio), CR 53, 13804; P. Quin (D-Miss.), CR 53, 10613; C. Randall (R-Calif.), CR 53, Appendix 1500; A. Sabath (D-Ill.), CR 53, Appendix 1872; Sen. H. Smith (D-GA), CR 53, 13794; C. Sloan (R-Nebr.), CR 53, 10593; W. Stephens (Progressive-Calif.), 25 Mar. 1916 letter to Wilson, series 4, file 180, reel 234, Wilson Papers; Sen. F. Simmons (D-N.C.), 1 Sept. 1916 letter to McAdoo, container 165, McAdoo Papers. Opposed: I. Bacharach (R-N.Y.), CR 53, A1536; W. Bailey (D-Pa.), CR 53, 10616; Sen. J. Bankhead (D-Ala.), CR 53, 13868; L. Dyer (R-Mo.), CR 53, A1466; H. Emerson (R-Ohio), CR 53, A1456; J. Fordney (R-Mich.), CR 53, 10517; E. Hamilton (R-Mich.), CR 53, 10599; Sen. T. Hartwick (D-Calif.), CR 53, 13868; Sen. P. McCumber (R-N.D.), CR 53, 13801; J. Meeker (R-Mo.), CR 53, 10605; J.H. Moore (R-Pa.), CR 53, 10579, A1415; Sen. J. Shields (D-Ind.), CR 53, 13868; I. Siegel (R-N.Y.), CR 53, A1450; Sen. T. Sterling (R-S.D.), CR 53, 13794; and Sen. J. Vardaman (D-Miss.), CR 53, 13868.
180. For evidence of Glass and Owen's support see: 3 June 1916 letter from A. Peters to McAdoo, container 160, McAdoo Papers and 5 Jan. 1916 letter from Owen to Wilson, PWW 35, 433-4. Evidence of support for or opposition to the Tariff Commission is also available for the following other legislators. In favor: Sen. J. Alexander (D-Mo.), 26 Aug. 1916 letter to McAdoo, container 165, McAdoo Papers; H. Barnhart (D-Ind.), CR 53, A1416; C. Cline (D-Ind.), CR 53, 10611; J. Collier (D-Miss.), CR 53, 10584; Sen. A. Cummins (R-Iowa), CR 53, 13795; Sen. C. Curtis (R-Kans.), CR 53, 12971; C. Dickinson (D-Mo.), CR 53, 10601; L. Dixon (D-Ind.), CR 53, 10579; Sen. J. Gallinger (R-N.H.), CR 53, 13797; F. Gillet (R-Mass.), CR 53, 10603; G. Helvering (D-Kans.), CR 53, A1771; W. Green (R-Iowa), CR 53, 10588; Sen. F. Newlands (D-Nev), box 335 Agriculture Records; R. Olney (D-Mass.), CR 53, 10615; Sen. A. Pomerene (D-Ohio), CR 53, 13804; P. Quin (D-Miss.), CR 53, 10613; C. Randall (R-Calif.), CR 53, Appendix 1500; A. Sabath (D-Ill.), CR 53, Appendix 1872; Sen. H. Smith (D-GA), CR 53, 13794; C. Sloan (R-Nebr.), CR 53, 10593; W. Stephens (Progressive-Calif.), 25 Mar. 1916 letter to Wilson, series 4, file 180, reel 234, Wilson Papers; Sen. F. Simmons (D-N.C.), 1 Sept. 1916 letter to McAdoo, container 165, McAdoo Papers. Opposed: I. Bacharach (R-N.Y.), CR 53, A1536; W. Bailey (D-Pa.), CR 53, 10616; Sen. J. Bankhead (D-Ala.), CR 53, 13868; L. Dyer (R-Mo.), CR 53, A1466; H. Emerson (R-Ohio), CR 53, A1456; J. Fordney (R-Mich.), CR 53, 10517; E. Hamilton (R-Mich.), CR 53, 10599; Sen. T. Hartwick (D-Calif.), CR 53, 13868; Sen. P. McCumber (R-N.D.), CR 53, 13801; J. Meeker (R-Mo.), CR 53, 10605; J.H. Moore (R-Pa.), CR 53, 10579, A1415; Sen. J. Shields (D-Ind.), CR 53, 13868; I. Siegel (R-N.Y.), CR 53, A1450; Sen. T. Sterling (R-S.D.), CR 53, 13794; and Sen. J. Vardaman (D-Miss.), CR 53, 13868.
181. For evidence of Glass and Owen's support see: 3 June 1916 letter from A. Peters to McAdoo, container 160, McAdoo Papers and 5 Jan. 1916 letter from Owen to Wilson, PWW 35, 433-4. Evidence of support for or opposition to the Tariff Commission is also available for the following other legislators. In favor: Sen. J. Alexander (D-Mo.), 26 Aug. 1916 letter to McAdoo, container 165, McAdoo Papers; H. Barnhart (D-Ind.), CR 53, A1416; C. Cline (D-Ind.), CR 53, 10611; J. Collier (D-Miss.), CR 53, 10584; Sen. A. Cummins (R-Iowa), CR 53, 13795; Sen. C. Curtis (R-Kans.), CR 53, 12971; C. Dickinson (D-Mo.), CR 53, 10601; L. Dixon (D-Ind.), CR 53, 10579; Sen. J. Gallinger (R-N.H.), CR 53, 13797; F. Gillet (R-Mass.), CR 53, 10603; G. Helvering (D-Kans.), CR 53, A1771; W. Green (R-Iowa), CR 53, 10588; Sen. F. Newlands (D-Nev), box 335 Agriculture Records; R. Olney (D-Mass.), CR 53, 10615; Sen. A. Pomerene (D-Ohio), CR 53, 13804; P. Quin (D-Miss.), CR 53, 10613; C. Randall (R-Calif.), CR 53, Appendix 1500; A. Sabath (D-Ill.), CR 53, Appendix 1872; Sen. H. Smith (D-GA), CR 53, 13794; C. Sloan (R-Nebr.), CR 53, 10593; W. Stephens (Progressive-Calif.), 25 Mar. 1916 letter to Wilson, series 4, file 180, reel 234, Wilson Papers; Sen. F. Simmons (D-N.C.), 1 Sept. 1916 letter to McAdoo, container 165, McAdoo Papers. Opposed: I. Bacharach (R-N.Y.), CR 53, A1536; W. Bailey (D-Pa.), CR 53, 10616; Sen. J. Bankhead (D-Ala.), CR 53, 13868; L. Dyer (R-Mo.), CR 53, A1466; H. Emerson (R-Ohio), CR 53, A1456; J. Fordney (R-Mich.), CR 53, 10517; E. Hamilton (R-Mich.), CR 53, 10599; Sen. T. Hartwick (D-Calif.), CR 53, 13868; Sen. P. McCumber (R-N.D.), CR 53, 13801; J. Meeker (R-Mo.), CR 53, 10605; J.H. Moore (R-Pa.), CR 53, 10579, A1415; Sen. J. Shields (D-Ind.), CR 53, 13868; I. Siegel (R-N.Y.), CR 53, A1450; Sen. T. Sterling (R-S.D.), CR 53, 13794; and Sen. J. Vardaman (D-Miss.), CR 53, 13868.
182. For evidence of Glass and Owen's support see: 3 June 1916 letter from A. Peters to McAdoo, container 160, McAdoo Papers and 5 Jan. 1916 letter from Owen to Wilson, PWW 35, 433-4. Evidence of support for or opposition to the Tariff Commission is also available for the following other legislators. In favor: Sen. J. Alexander (D-Mo.), 26 Aug. 1916 letter to McAdoo, container 165, McAdoo Papers; H. Barnhart (D-Ind.), CR 53, A1416; C. Cline (D-Ind.), CR 53, 10611; J. Collier (D-Miss.), CR 53, 10584; Sen. A. Cummins (R-Iowa), CR 53, 13795; Sen. C. Curtis (R-Kans.), CR 53, 12971; C. Dickinson (D-Mo.), CR 53, 10601; L. Dixon (D-Ind.), CR 53, 10579; Sen. J. Gallinger (R-N.H.), CR 53, 13797; F. Gillet (R-Mass.), CR 53, 10603; G. Helvering (D-Kans.), CR 53, A1771; W. Green (R-Iowa), CR 53, 10588; Sen. F. Newlands (D-Nev), box 335 Agriculture Records; R. Olney (D-Mass.), CR 53, 10615; Sen. A. Pomerene (D-Ohio), CR 53, 13804; P. Quin (D-Miss.), CR 53, 10613; C. Randall (R-Calif.), CR 53, Appendix 1500; A. Sabath (D-Ill.), CR 53, Appendix 1872; Sen. H. Smith (D-GA), CR 53, 13794; C. Sloan (R-Nebr.), CR 53, 10593; W. Stephens (Progressive-Calif.), 25 Mar. 1916 letter to Wilson, series 4, file 180, reel 234, Wilson Papers; Sen. F. Simmons (D-N.C.), 1 Sept. 1916 letter to McAdoo, container 165, McAdoo Papers. Opposed: I. Bacharach (R-N.Y.), CR 53, A1536; W. Bailey (D-Pa.), CR 53, 10616; Sen. J. Bankhead (D-Ala.), CR 53, 13868; L. Dyer (R-Mo.), CR 53, A1466; H. Emerson (R-Ohio), CR 53, A1456; J. Fordney (R-Mich.), CR 53, 10517; E. Hamilton (R-Mich.), CR 53, 10599; Sen. T. Hartwick (D-Calif.), CR 53, 13868; Sen. P. McCumber (R-N.D.), CR 53, 13801; J. Meeker (R-Mo.), CR 53, 10605; J.H. Moore (R-Pa.), CR 53, 10579, A1415; Sen. J. Shields (D-Ind.), CR 53, 13868; I. Siegel (R-N.Y.), CR 53, A1450; Sen. T. Sterling (R-S.D.), CR 53, 13794; and Sen. J. Vardaman (D-Miss.), CR 53, 13868.
183. For evidence of Glass and Owen's support see: 3 June 1916 letter from A. Peters to McAdoo, container 160, McAdoo Papers and 5 Jan. 1916 letter from Owen to Wilson, PWW 35, 433-4. Evidence of support for or opposition to the Tariff Commission is also available for the following other legislators. In favor: Sen. J. Alexander (D-Mo.), 26 Aug. 1916 letter to McAdoo, container 165, McAdoo Papers; H. Barnhart (D-Ind.), CR 53, A1416; C. Cline (D-Ind.), CR 53, 10611; J. Collier (D-Miss.), CR 53, 10584; Sen. A. Cummins (R-Iowa), CR 53, 13795; Sen. C. Curtis (R-Kans.), CR 53, 12971; C. Dickinson (D-Mo.), CR 53, 10601; L. Dixon (D-Ind.), CR 53, 10579; Sen. J. Gallinger (R-N.H.), CR 53, 13797; F. Gillet (R-Mass.), CR 53, 10603; G. Helvering (D-Kans.), CR 53, A1771; W. Green (R-Iowa), CR 53, 10588; Sen. F. Newlands (D-Nev), box 335 Agriculture Records; R. Olney (D-Mass.), CR 53, 10615; Sen. A. Pomerene (D-Ohio), CR 53, 13804; P. Quin (D-Miss.), CR 53, 10613; C. Randall (R-Calif.), CR 53, Appendix 1500; A. Sabath (D-Ill.), CR 53, Appendix 1872; Sen. H. Smith (D-GA), CR 53, 13794; C. Sloan (R-Nebr.), CR 53, 10593; W. Stephens (Progressive-Calif.), 25 Mar. 1916 letter to Wilson, series 4, file 180, reel 234, Wilson Papers; Sen. F. Simmons (D-N.C.), 1 Sept. 1916 letter to McAdoo, container 165, McAdoo Papers. Opposed: I. Bacharach (R-N.Y.), CR 53, A1536; W. Bailey (D-Pa.), CR 53, 10616; Sen. J. Bankhead (D-Ala.), CR 53, 13868; L. Dyer (R-Mo.), CR 53, A1466; H. Emerson (R-Ohio), CR 53, A1456; J. Fordney (R-Mich.), CR 53, 10517; E. Hamilton (R-Mich.), CR 53, 10599; Sen. T. Hartwick (D-Calif.), CR 53, 13868; Sen. P. McCumber (R-N.D.), CR 53, 13801; J. Meeker (R-Mo.), CR 53, 10605; J.H. Moore (R-Pa.), CR 53, 10579, A1415; Sen. J. Shields (D-Ind.), CR 53, 13868; I. Siegel (R-N.Y.), CR 53, A1450; Sen. T. Sterling (R-S.D.), CR 53, 13794; and Sen. J. Vardaman (D-Miss.), CR 53, 13868.
184. For evidence of Glass and Owen's support see: 3 June 1916 letter from A. Peters to McAdoo, container 160, McAdoo Papers and 5 Jan. 1916 letter from Owen to Wilson, PWW 35, 433-4. Evidence of support for or opposition to the Tariff Commission is also available for the following other legislators. In favor: Sen. J. Alexander (D-Mo.), 26 Aug. 1916 letter to McAdoo, container 165, McAdoo Papers; H. Barnhart (D-Ind.), CR 53, A1416; C. Cline (D-Ind.), CR 53, 10611; J. Collier (D-Miss.), CR 53, 10584; Sen. A. Cummins (R-Iowa), CR 53, 13795; Sen. C. Curtis (R-Kans.), CR 53, 12971; C. Dickinson (D-Mo.), CR 53, 10601; L. Dixon (D-Ind.), CR 53, 10579; Sen. J. Gallinger (R-N.H.), CR 53, 13797; F. Gillet (R-Mass.), CR 53, 10603; G. Helvering (D-Kans.), CR 53, A1771; W. Green (R-Iowa), CR 53, 10588; Sen. F. Newlands (D-Nev), box 335 Agriculture Records; R. Olney (D-Mass.), CR 53, 10615; Sen. A. Pomerene (D-Ohio), CR 53, 13804; P. Quin (D-Miss.), CR 53, 10613; C. Randall (R-Calif.), CR 53, Appendix 1500; A. Sabath (D-Ill.), CR 53, Appendix 1872; Sen. H. Smith (D-GA), CR 53, 13794; C. Sloan (R-Nebr.), CR 53, 10593; W. Stephens (Progressive-Calif.), 25 Mar. 1916 letter to Wilson, series 4, file 180, reel 234, Wilson Papers; Sen. F. Simmons (D-N.C.), 1 Sept. 1916 letter to McAdoo, container 165, McAdoo Papers. Opposed: I. Bacharach (R-N.Y.), CR 53, A1536; W. Bailey (D-Pa.), CR 53, 10616; Sen. J. Bankhead (D-Ala.), CR 53, 13868; L. Dyer (R-Mo.), CR 53, A1466; H. Emerson (R-Ohio), CR 53, A1456; J. Fordney (R-Mich.), CR 53, 10517; E. Hamilton (R-Mich.), CR 53, 10599; Sen. T. Hartwick (D-Calif.), CR 53, 13868; Sen. P. McCumber (R-N.D.), CR 53, 13801; J. Meeker (R-Mo.), CR 53, 10605; J.H. Moore (R-Pa.), CR 53, 10579, A1415; Sen. J. Shields (D-Ind.), CR 53, 13868; I. Siegel (R-N.Y.), CR 53, A1450; Sen. T. Sterling (R-S.D.), CR 53, 13794; and Sen. J. Vardaman (D-Miss.), CR 53, 13868.
185. For evidence of Glass and Owen's support see: 3 June 1916 letter from A. Peters to McAdoo, container 160, McAdoo Papers and 5 Jan. 1916 letter from Owen to Wilson, PWW 35, 433-4. Evidence of support for or opposition to the Tariff Commission is also available for the following other legislators. In favor: Sen. J. Alexander (D-Mo.), 26 Aug. 1916 letter to McAdoo, container 165, McAdoo Papers; H. Barnhart (D-Ind.), CR 53, A1416; C. Cline (D-Ind.), CR 53, 10611; J. Collier (D-Miss.), CR 53, 10584; Sen. A. Cummins (R-Iowa), CR 53, 13795; Sen. C. Curtis (R-Kans.), CR 53, 12971; C. Dickinson (D-Mo.), CR 53, 10601; L. Dixon (D-Ind.), CR 53, 10579; Sen. J. Gallinger (R-N.H.), CR 53, 13797; F. Gillet (R-Mass.), CR 53, 10603; G. Helvering (D-Kans.), CR 53, A1771; W. Green (R-Iowa), CR 53, 10588; Sen. F. Newlands (D-Nev), box 335 Agriculture Records; R. Olney (D-Mass.), CR 53, 10615; Sen. A. Pomerene (D-Ohio), CR 53, 13804; P. Quin (D-Miss.), CR 53, 10613; C. Randall (R-Calif.), CR 53, Appendix 1500; A. Sabath (D-Ill.), CR 53, Appendix 1872; Sen. H. Smith (D-GA), CR 53, 13794; C. Sloan (R-Nebr.), CR 53, 10593; W. Stephens (Progressive-Calif.), 25 Mar. 1916 letter to Wilson, series 4, file 180, reel 234, Wilson Papers; Sen. F. Simmons (D-N.C.), 1 Sept. 1916 letter to McAdoo, container 165, McAdoo Papers. Opposed: I. Bacharach (R-N.Y.), CR 53, A1536; W. Bailey (D-Pa.), CR 53, 10616; Sen. J. Bankhead (D-Ala.), CR 53, 13868; L. Dyer (R-Mo.), CR 53, A1466; H. Emerson (R-Ohio), CR 53, A1456; J. Fordney (R-Mich.), CR 53, 10517; E. Hamilton (R-Mich.), CR 53, 10599; Sen. T. Hartwick (D-Calif.), CR 53, 13868; Sen. P. McCumber (R-N.D.), CR 53, 13801; J. Meeker (R-Mo.), CR 53, 10605; J.H. Moore (R-Pa.), CR 53, 10579, A1415; Sen. J. Shields (D-Ind.), CR 53, 13868; I. Siegel (R-N.Y.), CR 53, A1450; Sen. T. Sterling (R-S.D.), CR 53, 13794; and Sen. J. Vardaman (D-Miss.), CR 53, 13868.
186. For evidence of Glass and Owen's support see: 3 June 1916 letter from A. Peters to McAdoo, container 160, McAdoo Papers and 5 Jan. 1916 letter from Owen to Wilson, PWW 35, 433-4. Evidence of support for or opposition to the Tariff Commission is also available for the following other legislators. In favor: Sen. J. Alexander (D-Mo.), 26 Aug. 1916 letter to McAdoo, container 165, McAdoo Papers; H. Barnhart (D-Ind.), CR 53, A1416; C. Cline (D-Ind.), CR 53, 10611; J. Collier (D-Miss.), CR 53, 10584; Sen. A. Cummins (R-Iowa), CR 53, 13795; Sen. C. Curtis (R-Kans.), CR 53, 12971; C. Dickinson (D-Mo.), CR 53, 10601; L. Dixon (D-Ind.), CR 53, 10579; Sen. J. Gallinger (R-N.H.), CR 53, 13797; F. Gillet (R-Mass.), CR 53, 10603; G. Helvering (D-Kans.), CR 53, A1771; W. Green (R-Iowa), CR 53, 10588; Sen. F. Newlands (D-Nev), box 335 Agriculture Records; R. Olney (D-Mass.), CR 53, 10615; Sen. A. Pomerene (D-Ohio), CR 53, 13804; P. Quin (D-Miss.), CR 53, 10613; C. Randall (R-Calif.), CR 53, Appendix 1500; A. Sabath (D-Ill.), CR 53, Appendix 1872; Sen. H. Smith (D-GA), CR 53, 13794; C. Sloan (R-Nebr.), CR 53, 10593; W. Stephens (Progressive-Calif.), 25 Mar. 1916 letter to Wilson, series 4, file 180, reel 234, Wilson Papers; Sen. F. Simmons (D-N.C.), 1 Sept. 1916 letter to McAdoo, container 165, McAdoo Papers. Opposed: I. Bacharach (R-N.Y.), CR 53, A1536; W. Bailey (D-Pa.), CR 53, 10616; Sen. J. Bankhead (D-Ala.), CR 53, 13868; L. Dyer (R-Mo.), CR 53, A1466; H. Emerson (R-Ohio), CR 53, A1456; J. Fordney (R-Mich.), CR 53, 10517; E. Hamilton (R-Mich.), CR 53, 10599; Sen. T. Hartwick (D-Calif.), CR 53, 13868; Sen. P. McCumber (R-N.D.), CR 53, 13801; J. Meeker (R-Mo.), CR 53, 10605; J.H. Moore (R-Pa.), CR 53, 10579, A1415; Sen. J. Shields (D-Ind.), CR 53, 13868; I. Siegel (R-N.Y.), CR 53, A1450; Sen. T. Sterling (R-S.D.), CR 53, 13794; and Sen. J. Vardaman (D-Miss.), CR 53, 13868.
187. For evidence of Glass and Owen's support see: 3 June 1916 letter from A. Peters to McAdoo, container 160, McAdoo Papers and 5 Jan. 1916 letter from Owen to Wilson, PWW 35, 433-4. Evidence of support for or opposition to the Tariff Commission is also available for the following other legislators. In favor: Sen. J. Alexander (D-Mo.), 26 Aug. 1916 letter to McAdoo, container 165, McAdoo Papers; H. Barnhart (D-Ind.), CR 53, A1416; C. Cline (D-Ind.), CR 53, 10611; J. Collier (D-Miss.), CR 53, 10584; Sen. A. Cummins (R-Iowa), CR 53, 13795; Sen. C. Curtis (R-Kans.), CR 53, 12971; C. Dickinson (D-Mo.), CR 53, 10601; L. Dixon (D-Ind.), CR 53, 10579; Sen. J. Gallinger (R-N.H.), CR 53, 13797; F. Gillet (R-Mass.), CR 53, 10603; G. Helvering (D-Kans.), CR 53, A1771; W. Green (R-Iowa), CR 53, 10588; Sen. F. Newlands (D-Nev), box 335 Agriculture Records; R. Olney (D-Mass.), CR 53, 10615; Sen. A. Pomerene (D-Ohio), CR 53, 13804; P. Quin (D-Miss.), CR 53, 10613; C. Randall (R-Calif.), CR 53, Appendix 1500; A. Sabath (D-Ill.), CR 53, Appendix 1872; Sen. H. Smith (D-GA), CR 53, 13794; C. Sloan (R-Nebr.), CR 53, 10593; W. Stephens (Progressive-Calif.), 25 Mar. 1916 letter to Wilson, series 4, file 180, reel 234, Wilson Papers; Sen. F. Simmons (D-N.C.), 1 Sept. 1916 letter to McAdoo, container 165, McAdoo Papers. Opposed: I. Bacharach (R-N.Y.), CR 53, A1536; W. Bailey (D-Pa.), CR 53, 10616; Sen. J. Bankhead (D-Ala.), CR 53, 13868; L. Dyer (R-Mo.), CR 53, A1466; H. Emerson (R-Ohio), CR 53, A1456; J. Fordney (R-Mich.), CR 53, 10517; E. Hamilton (R-Mich.), CR 53, 10599; Sen. T. Hartwick (D-Calif.), CR 53, 13868; Sen. P. McCumber (R-N.D.), CR 53, 13801; J. Meeker (R-Mo.), CR 53, 10605; J.H. Moore (R-Pa.), CR 53, 10579, A1415; Sen. J. Shields (D-Ind.), CR 53, 13868; I. Siegel (R-N.Y.), CR 53, A1450; Sen. T. Sterling (R-S.D.), CR 53, 13794; and Sen. J. Vardaman (D-Miss.), CR 53, 13868.
188. For evidence of Glass and Owen's support see: 3 June 1916 letter from A. Peters to McAdoo, container 160, McAdoo Papers and 5 Jan. 1916 letter from Owen to Wilson, PWW 35, 433-4. Evidence of support for or opposition to the Tariff Commission is also available for the following other legislators. In favor: Sen. J. Alexander (D-Mo.), 26 Aug. 1916 letter to McAdoo, container 165, McAdoo Papers; H. Barnhart (D-Ind.), CR 53, A1416; C. Cline (D-Ind.), CR 53, 10611; J. Collier (D-Miss.), CR 53, 10584; Sen. A. Cummins (R-Iowa), CR 53, 13795; Sen. C. Curtis (R-Kans.), CR 53, 12971; C. Dickinson (D-Mo.), CR 53, 10601; L. Dixon (D-Ind.), CR 53, 10579; Sen. J. Gallinger (R-N.H.), CR 53, 13797; F. Gillet (R-Mass.), CR 53, 10603; G. Helvering (D-Kans.), CR 53, A1771; W. Green (R-Iowa), CR 53, 10588; Sen. F. Newlands (D-Nev), box 335 Agriculture Records; R. Olney (D-Mass.), CR 53, 10615; Sen. A. Pomerene (D-Ohio), CR 53, 13804; P. Quin (D-Miss.), CR 53, 10613; C. Randall (R-Calif.), CR 53, Appendix 1500; A. Sabath (D-Ill.), CR 53, Appendix 1872; Sen. H. Smith (D-GA), CR 53, 13794; C. Sloan (R-Nebr.), CR 53, 10593; W. Stephens (Progressive-Calif.), 25 Mar. 1916 letter to Wilson, series 4, file 180, reel 234, Wilson Papers; Sen. F. Simmons (D-N.C.), 1 Sept. 1916 letter to McAdoo, container 165, McAdoo Papers. Opposed: I. Bacharach (R-N.Y.), CR 53, A1536; W. Bailey (D-Pa.), CR 53, 10616; Sen. J. Bankhead (D-Ala.), CR 53, 13868; L. Dyer (R-Mo.), CR 53, A1466; H. Emerson (R-Ohio), CR 53, A1456; J. Fordney (R-Mich.), CR 53, 10517; E. Hamilton (R-Mich.), CR 53, 10599; Sen. T. Hartwick (D-Calif.), CR 53, 13868; Sen. P. McCumber (R-N.D.), CR 53, 13801; J. Meeker (R-Mo.), CR 53, 10605; J.H. Moore (R-Pa.), CR 53, 10579, A1415; Sen. J. Shields (D-Ind.), CR 53, 13868; I. Siegel (R-N.Y.), CR 53, A1450; Sen. T. Sterling (R-S.D.), CR 53, 13794; and Sen. J. Vardaman (D-Miss.), CR 53, 13868.
189. For evidence of Glass and Owen's support see: 3 June 1916 letter from A. Peters to McAdoo, container 160, McAdoo Papers and 5 Jan. 1916 letter from Owen to Wilson, PWW 35, 433-4. Evidence of support for or opposition to the Tariff Commission is also available for the following other legislators. In favor: Sen. J. Alexander (D-Mo.), 26 Aug. 1916 letter to McAdoo, container 165, McAdoo Papers; H. Barnhart (D-Ind.), CR 53, A1416; C. Cline (D-Ind.), CR 53, 10611; J. Collier (D-Miss.), CR 53, 10584; Sen. A. Cummins (R-Iowa), CR 53, 13795; Sen. C. Curtis (R-Kans.), CR 53, 12971; C. Dickinson (D-Mo.), CR 53, 10601; L. Dixon (D-Ind.), CR 53, 10579; Sen. J. Gallinger (R-N.H.), CR 53, 13797; F. Gillet (R-Mass.), CR 53, 10603; G. Helvering (D-Kans.), CR 53, A1771; W. Green (R-Iowa), CR 53, 10588; Sen. F. Newlands (D-Nev), box 335 Agriculture Records; R. Olney (D-Mass.), CR 53, 10615; Sen. A. Pomerene (D-Ohio), CR 53, 13804; P. Quin (D-Miss.), CR 53, 10613; C. Randall (R-Calif.), CR 53, Appendix 1500; A. Sabath (D-Ill.), CR 53, Appendix 1872; Sen. H. Smith (D-GA), CR 53, 13794; C. Sloan (R-Nebr.), CR 53, 10593; W. Stephens (Progressive-Calif.), 25 Mar. 1916 letter to Wilson, series 4, file 180, reel 234, Wilson Papers; Sen. F. Simmons (D-N.C.), 1 Sept. 1916 letter to McAdoo, container 165, McAdoo Papers. Opposed: I. Bacharach (R-N.Y.), CR 53, A1536; W. Bailey (D-Pa.), CR 53, 10616; Sen. J. Bankhead (D-Ala.), CR 53, 13868; L. Dyer (R-Mo.), CR 53, A1466; H. Emerson (R-Ohio), CR 53, A1456; J. Fordney (R-Mich.), CR 53, 10517; E. Hamilton (R-Mich.), CR 53, 10599; Sen. T. Hartwick (D-Calif.), CR 53, 13868; Sen. P. McCumber (R-N.D.), CR 53, 13801; J. Meeker (R-Mo.), CR 53, 10605; J.H. Moore (R-Pa.), CR 53, 10579, A1415; Sen. J. Shields (D-Ind.), CR 53, 13868; I. Siegel (R-N.Y.), CR 53, A1450; Sen. T. Sterling (R-S.D.), CR 53, 13794; and Sen. J. Vardaman (D-Miss.), CR 53, 13868.
190. For evidence of Glass and Owen's support see: 3 June 1916 letter from A. Peters to McAdoo, container 160, McAdoo Papers and 5 Jan. 1916 letter from Owen to Wilson, PWW 35, 433-4. Evidence of support for or opposition to the Tariff Commission is also available for the following other legislators. In favor: Sen. J. Alexander (D-Mo.), 26 Aug. 1916 letter to McAdoo, container 165, McAdoo Papers; H. Barnhart (D-Ind.), CR 53, A1416; C. Cline (D-Ind.), CR 53, 10611; J. Collier (D-Miss.), CR 53, 10584; Sen. A. Cummins (R-Iowa), CR 53, 13795; Sen. C. Curtis (R-Kans.), CR 53, 12971; C. Dickinson (D-Mo.), CR 53, 10601; L. Dixon (D-Ind.), CR 53, 10579; Sen. J. Gallinger (R-N.H.), CR 53, 13797; F. Gillet (R-Mass.), CR 53, 10603; G. Helvering (D-Kans.), CR 53, A1771; W. Green (R-Iowa), CR 53, 10588; Sen. F. Newlands (D-Nev), box 335 Agriculture Records; R. Olney (D-Mass.), CR 53, 10615; Sen. A. Pomerene (D-Ohio), CR 53, 13804; P. Quin (D-Miss.), CR 53, 10613; C. Randall (R-Calif.), CR 53, Appendix 1500; A. Sabath (D-Ill.), CR 53, Appendix 1872; Sen. H. Smith (D-GA), CR 53, 13794; C. Sloan (R-Nebr.), CR 53, 10593; W. Stephens (Progressive-Calif.), 25 Mar. 1916 letter to Wilson, series 4, file 180, reel 234, Wilson Papers; Sen. F. Simmons (D-N.C.), 1 Sept. 1916 letter to McAdoo, container 165, McAdoo Papers. Opposed: I. Bacharach (R-N.Y.), CR 53, A1536; W. Bailey (D-Pa.), CR 53, 10616; Sen. J. Bankhead (D-Ala.), CR 53, 13868; L. Dyer (R-Mo.), CR 53, A1466; H. Emerson (R-Ohio), CR 53, A1456; J. Fordney (R-Mich.), CR 53, 10517; E. Hamilton (R-Mich.), CR 53, 10599; Sen. T. Hartwick (D-Calif.), CR 53, 13868; Sen. P. McCumber (R-N.D.), CR 53, 13801; J. Meeker (R-Mo.), CR 53, 10605; J.H. Moore (R-Pa.), CR 53, 10579, A1415; Sen. J. Shields (D-Ind.), CR 53, 13868; I. Siegel (R-N.Y.), CR 53, A1450; Sen. T. Sterling (R-S.D.), CR 53, 13794; and Sen. J. Vardaman (D-Miss.), CR 53, 13868.
191. 28 Mar. 1916 letter from G. Cooksey to McAdoo, and 28 May 1916 letter from House Speaker C. Clark to McAdoo, containers 157 & 159, McAdoo Papers.
192. Interestingly, only four House Republicans and eight Senate Republicans opposed the appropriations bill. Republicans disliked the Revenue Act. CR 53 (1916): 9190, 11383.
193. See CR 53 (1916): 10604 , 10619, 10647, 10659, 13062, 13116, 13122, 13802, 13834.
194. For pro-Democratic articles see: Literary Digest, 10 Jan. 1914. New York Herald, 17, 20, 21 & 22 Feb. 1914. New York Times, 2 & 6 Feb. 1914; 20 Mar. 1914; 30 June 1914; 10 July 1914; 14 & 16 Mar. 1915; 11 Apr. 1915; 9 Nov. 1915; 20 Feb. 1916. Saturday Evening Post, 21 June 1913, 2 Aug. 1913. Washington Post, 16 Jan. 1916, 23 Aug. 1916. For pro-Republican articles see: New York Herald, 16 Aug. 1916. New York Times, 21 Jan. 1914; 19 May 1914; 21 June 1914; 29 July 1914; 8 & 10 Mar. 1915; 5 Oct. 1915; 30 Nov. 1915; 12, 28 & 30 Apr. 1916. St. Louis Globe Democrat, 17 Aug. 1916. McAdoo quote in 25 Feb. 1916 letter to W. Brown, container 156, McAdoo Papers.
195. For pro-Democratic articles see: Literary Digest, 10 Jan. 1914. New York Herald, 17, 20, 21 & 22 Feb. 1914. New York Times, 2 & 6 Feb. 1914; 20 Mar. 1914; 30 June 1914; 10 July 1914; 14 & 16 Mar. 1915; 11 Apr. 1915; 9 Nov. 1915; 20 Feb. 1916. Saturday Evening Post, 21 June 1913, 2 Aug. 1913. Washington Post, 16 Jan. 1916, 23 Aug. 1916. For pro-Republican articles see: New York Herald, 16 Aug. 1916. New York Times, 21 Jan. 1914; 19 May 1914; 21 June 1914; 29 July 1914; 8 & 10 Mar. 1915; 5 Oct. 1915; 30 Nov. 1915; 12, 28 & 30 Apr. 1916. St. Louis Globe Democrat, 17 Aug. 1916. McAdoo quote in 25 Feb. 1916 letter to W. Brown, container 156, McAdoo Papers.
196. For pro-Democratic articles see: Literary Digest, 10 Jan. 1914. New York Herald, 17, 20, 21 & 22 Feb. 1914. New York Times, 2 & 6 Feb. 1914; 20 Mar. 1914; 30 June 1914; 10 July 1914; 14 & 16 Mar. 1915; 11 Apr. 1915; 9 Nov. 1915; 20 Feb. 1916. Saturday Evening Post, 21 June 1913, 2 Aug. 1913. Washington Post, 16 Jan. 1916, 23 Aug. 1916. For pro-Republican articles see: New York Herald, 16 Aug. 1916. New York Times, 21 Jan. 1914; 19 May 1914; 21 June 1914; 29 July 1914; 8 & 10 Mar. 1915; 5 Oct. 1915; 30 Nov. 1915; 12, 28 & 30 Apr. 1916. St. Louis Globe Democrat, 17 Aug. 1916. McAdoo quote in 25 Feb. 1916 letter to W. Brown, container 156, McAdoo Papers.
197. For pro-Democratic articles see: Literary Digest, 10 Jan. 1914. New York Herald, 17, 20, 21 & 22 Feb. 1914. New York Times, 2 & 6 Feb. 1914; 20 Mar. 1914; 30 June 1914; 10 July 1914; 14 & 16 Mar. 1915; 11 Apr. 1915; 9 Nov. 1915; 20 Feb. 1916. Saturday Evening Post, 21 June 1913, 2 Aug. 1913. Washington Post, 16 Jan. 1916, 23 Aug. 1916. For pro-Republican articles see: New York Herald, 16 Aug. 1916. New York Times, 21 Jan. 1914; 19 May 1914; 21 June 1914; 29 July 1914; 8 & 10 Mar. 1915; 5 Oct. 1915; 30 Nov. 1915; 12, 28 & 30 Apr. 1916. St. Louis Globe Democrat, 17 Aug. 1916. McAdoo quote in 25 Feb. 1916 letter to W. Brown, container 156, McAdoo Papers.
198. For pro-Democratic articles see: Literary Digest, 10 Jan. 1914. New York Herald, 17, 20, 21 & 22 Feb. 1914. New York Times, 2 & 6 Feb. 1914; 20 Mar. 1914; 30 June 1914; 10 July 1914; 14 & 16 Mar. 1915; 11 Apr. 1915; 9 Nov. 1915; 20 Feb. 1916. Saturday Evening Post, 21 June 1913, 2 Aug. 1913. Washington Post, 16 Jan. 1916, 23 Aug. 1916. For pro-Republican articles see: New York Herald, 16 Aug. 1916. New York Times, 21 Jan. 1914; 19 May 1914; 21 June 1914; 29 July 1914; 8 & 10 Mar. 1915; 5 Oct. 1915; 30 Nov. 1915; 12, 28 & 30 Apr. 1916. St. Louis Globe Democrat, 17 Aug. 1916. McAdoo quote in 25 Feb. 1916 letter to W. Brown, container 156, McAdoo Papers.
199. For pro-Democratic articles see: Literary Digest, 10 Jan. 1914. New York Herald, 17, 20, 21 & 22 Feb. 1914. New York Times, 2 & 6 Feb. 1914; 20 Mar. 1914; 30 June 1914; 10 July 1914; 14 & 16 Mar. 1915; 11 Apr. 1915; 9 Nov. 1915; 20 Feb. 1916. Saturday Evening Post, 21 June 1913, 2 Aug. 1913. Washington Post, 16 Jan. 1916, 23 Aug. 1916. For pro-Republican articles see: New York Herald, 16 Aug. 1916. New York Times, 21 Jan. 1914; 19 May 1914; 21 June 1914; 29 July 1914; 8 & 10 Mar. 1915; 5 Oct. 1915; 30 Nov. 1915; 12, 28 & 30 Apr. 1916. St. Louis Globe Democrat, 17 Aug. 1916. McAdoo quote in 25 Feb. 1916 letter to W. Brown, container 156, McAdoo Papers.
200. For pro-Democratic articles see: Literary Digest, 10 Jan. 1914. New York Herald, 17, 20, 21 & 22 Feb. 1914. New York Times, 2 & 6 Feb. 1914; 20 Mar. 1914; 30 June 1914; 10 July 1914; 14 & 16 Mar. 1915; 11 Apr. 1915; 9 Nov. 1915; 20 Feb. 1916. Saturday Evening Post, 21 June 1913, 2 Aug. 1913. Washington Post, 16 Jan. 1916, 23 Aug. 1916. For pro-Republican articles see: New York Herald, 16 Aug. 1916. New York Times, 21 Jan. 1914; 19 May 1914; 21 June 1914; 29 July 1914; 8 & 10 Mar. 1915; 5 Oct. 1915; 30 Nov. 1915; 12, 28 & 30 Apr. 1916. St. Louis Globe Democrat, 17 Aug. 1916. McAdoo quote in 25 Feb. 1916 letter to W. Brown, container 156, McAdoo Papers.
201. For pro-Democratic articles see: Literary Digest, 10 Jan. 1914. New York Herald, 17, 20, 21 & 22 Feb. 1914. New York Times, 2 & 6 Feb. 1914; 20 Mar. 1914; 30 June 1914; 10 July 1914; 14 & 16 Mar. 1915; 11 Apr. 1915; 9 Nov. 1915; 20 Feb. 1916. Saturday Evening Post, 21 June 1913, 2 Aug. 1913. Washington Post, 16 Jan. 1916, 23 Aug. 1916. For pro-Republican articles see: New York Herald, 16 Aug. 1916. New York Times, 21 Jan. 1914; 19 May 1914; 21 June 1914; 29 July 1914; 8 & 10 Mar. 1915; 5 Oct. 1915; 30 Nov. 1915; 12, 28 & 30 Apr. 1916. St. Louis Globe Democrat, 17 Aug. 1916. McAdoo quote in 25 Feb. 1916 letter to W. Brown, container 156, McAdoo Papers.
202. Roy Blakey, "The New Income Tax," American Economic Review 4 (Mar. 1914): 35-47; Guy Callender, Economic History of the U.S., 1765-1860 (Boston, Mass., 1909); Donald Dunbar, The Tin Plate Industry (Boston, Mass., 1915); Alfred Marshall, Principles of Economics (London, 1890);
203. Roy Blakey, "The New Income Tax," American Economic Review 4 (Mar. 1914): 35-47; Guy Callender, Economic History of the U.S., 1765-1860 (Boston, Mass., 1909); Donald Dunbar, The Tin Plate Industry (Boston, Mass., 1915); Alfred Marshall, Principles of Economics (London, 1890);
204. Roy Blakey, "The New Income Tax," American Economic Review 4 (Mar. 1914): 35-47; Guy Callender, Economic History of the U.S., 1765-1860 (Boston, Mass., 1909); Donald Dunbar, The Tin Plate Industry (Boston, Mass.,
205. Roy Blakey, "The New Income Tax," American Economic Review 4 (Mar. 1914): 35-47; Guy Callender, Economic History of the U.S., 1765-1860 (Boston, Mass., 1909); Donald Dunbar, The Tin Plate Industry (Boston, Mass., 1915); Alfred Marshall, Principles of Economics (London, 1890);
206. Carl Plehn, Introduction to Public Finance (New York, 1916);
207. Frank Taussig, Principles of Economics (New York, 1911);
208. Chester Wright, Wool Growing and the Tariff (New York, 1910).
209. Herbert Emery, "Democrats and the Tariff," Yale Review 2 (1913): 193-214;
210. Fabian Franklin, Cost of Living (New York, 1915).
211. Most economists agreed that the rising cost of living during the late nineteenth and early twentieth century was the result of gold devaluation; see Irving Fisher, "A Remedy for the Rising Cost of Living," American Economic Review Supplement 3 (Mar. 1913): 20-28,
212. and Taussig, Principles.
213. However, economists and statisticians noted that better data and indices were needed; see Henry Pratt Fairchild, "The Standard of Living," American Economic Review 6 (Mar. 1916): 9-25,
214. and Walter Wilcox, "The Statistical Work of the U.S. Government," Quarterly Publication of the American Statistical Association 14 (1914): 416-421.
215. Pierce, Tariff and Trusts; Edwin Segilman, The Shift and Incidence of Taxation (London, 1902); and Harvey Wooster, "The Tariff and the Ultimate Consumer, American Economic Review 6 (Mar. 1916): 26-39.
216. Pierce, Tariff and Trusts; Edwin Segilman, The Shift and Incidence of Taxation (London, 1902); and Harvey Wooster, "The Tariff and the Ultimate Consumer, American Economic Review 6 (Mar. 1916): 26-39.
217. Pierce, Tariff and Trusts; Edwin Segilman, The Shift and Incidence of Taxation (London, 1902); and Harvey Wooster, "The Tariff and the Ultimate Consumer, American Economic Review 6 (Mar. 1916): 26-39.
218. Henry Emery, "The Tariff and the Ultimate Consumer," American Economic Review 5 (Sept. 1915): 534-553 (this Yale economist chaired the 1909 Taft Tariff Board); Bernard Holland, The Fall of Protection (New York, 1913); Simon Patten, The Economic: Basis of Protection (London, 1890); and James Whepley, The Trade of the World (New York, 1913).
219. Henry Emery, "The Tariff and the Ultimate Consumer," American Economic Review 5 (Sept. 1915): 534-553 (this Yale economist chaired the 1909 Taft Tariff Board); Bernard Holland, The Fall of Protection (New York, 1913); Simon Patten, The Economic: Basis of Protection (London, 1890); and James Whepley, The Trade of the World (New York, 1913).
220. Henry Emery, "The Tariff and the Ultimate Consumer," American Economic Review 5 (Sept. 1915): 534-553 (this Yale economist chaired the 1909 Taft Tariff Board); Bernard Holland, The Fall of Protection (New York, 1913); Simon Patten, The Economic: Basis of Protection (London, 1890); and James Whepley, The Trade of the World (New York, 1913).
221. Henry Emery, "The Tariff and the Ultimate Consumer," American Economic Review 5 (Sept. 1915): 534-553 (this Yale economist chaired the 1909 Taft Tariff Board); Bernard Holland, The Fall of Protection (New York, 1913); Simon Patten, The Economic: Basis of Protection (London, 1890); and James Whepley, The Trade of the World (New York, 1913).
222. W. Jevons, Theory of Political Economy (London, 1911); and Marshall, Principles.
223. W. Jevons, Theory of Political Economy (London, 1911); and Marshall, Principles.
224. From the end of the Civil War until Democrats' 1913 Underwood Tariff, the average tariff rate set by Republican Tariff Acts during the period was 47 percent. Democrats' 1894 Wilson-Gorman Act reduced tariffs to an average rate of 41 percent, while Democrats' 1913 Underwood Act set an average rate of 28 percent. Historical Statistics, Table U207-212.
225. There are four welfare effects associated with a tariff: (1) the transfer of consumer surplus to protected domestic producers in the form of higher prices; (2) the transfer ot consumer and foreign producer surpluses to the government in the form of the tariff duty; (3) the consumer surplus lost through inefficient domestic production; and (4) the consumer loss associated with having less supply of the dutied product than would exist under free trade. See Beth and Robert Yarbrough, The World Economy (New York, 1988), 194. In 1916 many economists believed tariffs were responsible for resource allocation distortions, even though they were unable to formally articulate these hunches. Widespread consensus on the precise welfare costs of protection was reached with the Stolper-Samuelson theorem. Wolfgang Stolper and Paul Samuelson, "Protection and Real Wages," Review of Economic Studies 9 (1941): 58-73.
226. There are four welfare effects associated with a tariff: (1) the transfer of consumer surplus to protected domestic producers in the form of higher prices; (2) the transfer ot consumer and foreign producer surpluses to the government in the form of the tariff duty; (3) the consumer surplus lost through inefficient domestic production; and (4) the consumer loss associated with having less supply of the dutied product than would exist under free trade. See Beth and Robert Yarbrough, The World Economy (New York, 1988), 194. In 1916 many economists believed tariffs were responsible for resource allocation distortions, even though they were unable to formally articulate these hunches. Widespread consensus on the precise welfare costs of protection was reached with the Stolper-Samuelson theorem. Wolfgang Stolper and Paul Samuelson, "Protection and Real Wages," Review of Economic Studies 9 (1941): 58-73.