Organizational sleepwalkers: Emotional distress at midlife

Human Relations

Volumn 52, Issue 11, 1999, Pages 1377-1401

  Kets De Vries, Manfred F R ^a  

^a INSEAD   (France)

Author keywords

Alexithymia; Anhedonia; Depersonalization; Dissociative disorder; Emotion; Generativity; Isolation; Manic defense; Midlife crisis; Passion; Withdrawal

Indexed keywords

EID: 0040626519     PISSN: 00187267     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1177/001872679905201102     Document Type: Article

References (85)

1. ACKER, B. Depersonalization, I: Aetiology and phenomenology. Journal of Mental Science, 1954, 100, 838-853.
2. AMERICAN PSYCHIATRIC ASSOCIATION. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of the Mental Disorders, DSM IV (4th ed.). Washington, D.C.: American Psychiatric Association, 1994.
3. BASS, B. M. Bass and Stogdill's handbook of leadership (3rd ed.). New York: Free Press, 1990.
4. BENNIS, W. G., & NANUS, B. Leaders: The strategies for taking charge. New York: Harper-Collins, 1985.
5. BERGLER, E. The revolt of the middle-aged man. New York: International Universities Press, 1954.
6. BUHLER, C. The developmental structure of goal setting in group and individual studies. In C. Buhler and F. Massarik (Eds.), The course of human life: A study of goals in the humanistic perspective. New York: Springer, 1968, pp. 27-54.
7. BUHLER, C., AND GOLDENBERG, H. Structural aspects of an individual's history. In C. Buhler and F. Massarik (Eds.), The course of human life: A study of goals in the humanistic perspective. New York: Springer, 1968, pp. 54-63.
8. BUTLER, R. N. Psychosocial aspects of aging. In H. I. Kaplan and B. J. Sadock (Eds.), Comprehensive textbook of psychiatry, (Vol. 2, 5th ed.). Baltimore: Williams & Wilkins, 1989, pp. 2014-2019.
9. CARDEÑA, E. The domain of dissociation. In S. J. Lynn and J. W. Rhue (Eds.), Dissociation: Clinical and theoretical perspectives. New York: Guilford Press, 1994, pp. 15-32.
10. CHAPMAN, L. J., CHAPMAN, J. P., & RAULIN, M. L. Scales for physical and social anhedonia. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 1976, 85(4), 374-382.
11. CHIRIBOGA, D. A. The developmental psychology of middle age. In J. Howell (Ed.), Modern perspectives in the psychiatry of middle age. New York: Brunner/Mazel, 1981.
12. COLLINS, J. C., & Porras, J. I. Build to last: Successful habits of visionary organizations. New York: HarperCollins, 1997.
13. CSIKSZENTMIHALYI, M. Flow: The psychology of optimal experience. New York: Harper-Collins, 1991.
14. CSIKSZENTMIHALYI, M. Finding flow: The psychology of engagement with everyday life. New York: Basic Books, 1998.
15. DANTE ALIGHIERI. The Divine Comedy. Vol. 1: The Inferno. (translated by J. Ciardi) New York: New American Library, 1954.
16. DIAMOND, J. Male menopause. Naperville, II: Sourcebooks, 1997.
17. DOUGLAS, G. Jag skulle aldrig våga möta nittiotalet i enbart glada grabbars lag [I would never dare to meet the nineties in the company of only men]. In G. DOUGLAS (Ed.), Arvets utmaning [The challenge of inheritance]. Stockholm: Brombergs Bokförlag, 1993.
18. DUGAS, L., & MOUTIER, F. La Dépersonnalisation. Paris: Félix Alcan, 1911.
19. EVANS, P., & BARTOLOME, F. Must success cost so much? London: Grant McIntyre, 1980.
20. EDWARDS, G. Depersonalization. British Journal of Psychiatry, 1972, 120, 242-244.
21. ERIKSON, E. H. Identity and the Life Cycle. Psychological Issues, 1959, 1(1).
22. ERIKSON, E. H. Childhood and society. New York: W. W. Norton, 1963.
23. FREUD, S. Inhibitions, symptoms and anxiety. In J. Strachey (Ed.), The standard edition of the complete psychological works of Sigmund Freud (Vol. 20). London: Hogarth Press and The Institute of Psychoanalysis, 1926.
24. FEWTRELL, W. Depersonalization: A description and suggested strategies. British Journal of Guidance and Counselling, 1986, 14, 263-269.
25. GOLEMAN, D. Emotional intelligence. London: Bloomsbury, 1995.
26. GOULD, R. L. Transformational tasks in adulthood. In S. I. Greenspan and G. H. POLLOCK (Eds.), The course of life: Psychoanalytic contributions toward understanding personality development. Vol. 3: Adulthood and the aging process. Washington, D.C.: National Institute of Mental Health, 1980, pp. 117-127.
27. GREENE, J. G. The social and psychological origins of the climacteric syndrome. Aldershot, U.K.: Gower, 1984.
28. GREER, G. The change: Women, aging and the menopause. New York: Ballantine, 1991.
29. GUTMANN, D. L. Reclaimed powers: Towards a new psychology of men and women in later life. New York: Basic Books, 1987.
30. HOGAN, R., CURPHY, G. J., & HOGAN, J. What we know about leadership: Effectiveness and personality. American Psychologist, 1994, 49(6), 493-504.
31. HOUSE, R. J. A 1976 theory of charismatic leadership. In J. G. Hunt and L. L. Larson (Eds.), Leadership: The cutting edge. Carbondale: Southern Illinois University Press, 1977, pp. 189-207.
32. HUNTER, S. & SUNDEL, M. (Eds.). Midlife myths: Issues, findings, and practice implications. Newbury Park, CA: Sage, 1989.
33. JACOBSON, E. Depersonalization. Journal of the American Psychoanalytic Association, 1959, 7, 581-610.
34. JAQUES, E. Death and the midlife crisis. International Journal of Psychoanalysis, 1965, 46, 502-514.
35. JUNG, C. Modern man in search of a soul. New York: Harcourt, Brace, 1933.
36. KERNBERG, O. Internal world and external reality. Northvale, NJ: Jason Aronson, 1980.
37. KETS DE VRIES, M. F. R. Ecological stress: A deadly reminder. Psychoanalytic Review, 1980, 67(3), 389-408.
38. KETS DE VRIES, M. F. R. Prisoners of leadership. New York: Wiley, 1989.
39. KETS DE VRIES, M. F. R. Leaders, fools, and impostors. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass, 1993.
40. KETS DE VRIES, M. F. R. Organizational paradoxes (2nd Ed.) London: Routledge, 1995.
41. KETS DE VRIES, M. F. R. Life and death in the executive fast lane. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass, 1995.
42. KETS DE VRIES, M. F. R., & BALAZS, K. The Downside of downsizing. Human Relations, 1997, 50(1), 11-50.
43. KETS DE VRIES, M. F. R., & MILLER, D. The neurotic organization. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass, 1984.
44. KETS DE VRIES, M. F. R., & MILLER, D. Unstable at the top. New York: New American Library, 1987.
45. KETS DE VRIES, M. F. R., & FLORENT, E. The new global leaders. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass, 1999.
46. KEYS, M. F. Staying married. Millbrae, CA.: Les Femmes, 1975.
47. KING, P. H. The Life-Cycle as indicated by the transference in the psychoanalysis of the middle-Aged and the elderly. International Journal of Psychoanalysis, 1980, 61, 153-160.
48. KLEIN, D. F. Endogenomorphic depression. Archives of General Psychiatry, 1974, 31, 447-454.
49. KLEIN, M. Love, guilt, and reparation and other works, 1921-1945. London: Hogarth Press, 1975.
50. KOTRE, J. Outliving the self: Generativity and the interpretation of lives. Baltimore, MD.: Johns Hopkins Press, 1982.
51. KRYSTAL, H. The genetic development of affects and affect regression. Annual of Psychoanalysis, Pt. 2, 1974, 98-126.
52. KRYSTAL, H. Integration and self-healing. Hillsdale, NJ: Analytic Press, 1988.
53. LEVINSON, D. J., DARROW, D. N., KLEIN, E. B., LEVINSON, M. H., & MCKEE, B. The seasons of man's life. New York: Knopf, 1978.
54. LEVY, J., & WACHTEL, P. Depersonalization: An effort at clarification. American Journal of Psychoanalysis, 1978, 38, 291-300.
55. LICHTENBERG, J. Psychoanalysis and motivation. Hillsdale, NJ: Analytic Press, 1989.
56. LOAS, G., & BOYER, P. Relationships between anhedonia and depressive symptoms in major depressive disorder. European Psychiatry, 1993, 8(1), 51-52.
57. LOWER, R. Affect Changes in Depersonalization. Psychoanalytic Review, 1972, 59, 565-577.
58. LYNN, S. J., & RHUE, J. W. (Eds.). Dissociation: Clinical and theoretical perspectives. New York: Guilford Press, 1994.
59. McADAMS, D. P. Unity and purpose in human lives: The emergence of identity as a life story. In R. A. Zucker, A. I. Rabin, J. Aronoff, and S. Frank (Eds.), Personality structure in the life course. New York: Springer, 1992, pp. 323-377.
60. McDOUGALL, J. Alexithymia: A psychoanalytic viewpoint. Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, 1982, 38, 81-90.
61. McDOUGALL, J. Theaters of the body. New York: W.W. Norton, 1989.
62. MEEHL, P. E. Schizotaxia, schizotype, schizophrenia. American Psychologist, 1962, 17, 827-838.
63. MEEHL, P. E. Hedonic capacity: Some conjectures. Bulletin of the Menninger Clinic, 1987, 39, 295-307.
64. MORRIS, R. G., MORRIS, L. W., & BRITTON, P. G. Factors affecting the emotional well-being of caregivers of dementia sufferers. British Journal of Psychiatry, 1988, 153, 147-156.
65. NEMIAH, J. C., & SIFNEOS, P. E. Affect and fantasy in patients with psychosomatic disorders. In O. Hill (Ed.), Modern trends in psychosomatic medicine. London: Butterworths, 1970.
66. NEMROFF, R. A. & COLARUSSO, C. A. (Eds.). New dimensions in adult development. New York: Basic Books, 1990.
67. NEUGARTEN, B. L. Adaptation and the life cycle. Journal of Geriatric Psychology, 1970, 4, 71-87.
68. NOYES, R., Jr., & Kletti, R. Depersonalization in the face of life-threatening danger. Comprehensive Psychiatry, 1977, 18, 375-384.
69. OBERNDORF, C. Role of Anxiety in Depersonalization. International Journal of Psychoanalysis, 1950, 31, 1-5.
70. OLDHAM, J. M., & LIEBERT, R. S. (Eds.), The middle years. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1989.
71. POLLOCK, G. H., & GREENSPAN, S. I. (Eds.), The Course of Life, Vol. 6: Late Adulthood. Madison, CT: International Universities Press, 1993.
72. RIBOT, T. La psychologie des sentiments. Paris: Félix Alcan, 1896.
73. SENGE, P. M. The fifth discipline: The art and practice of the learning organization. New York: Doubleday, 1994.
74. SHEEHY, G. New passages. New York: Ballantine Books, 1995.
75. SIFNEOS, P. E. Short-term psychotherapy and emotional crisis. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1972.
76. SMELSER, N. & ERIKSON, E. (Eds.) Themes of work and love in adulthood. London: Grant McIntyre, 1980.
77. SNAITH, P. Anhedonia: A neglected symptom ofpsychopathology. Psychological Medicine, 1993, 23, 957-966.
78. STEINBERG, M. The spectrum of depersonalization: Assessment and treatment. In D. Spiegel (Ed.), Dissociative disorders: A clinical review Lutherville, MD: Sidran Press, 1993, pp. 79-103
79. TAYLOR, G. J. The alexithymia construct: Conceptualization, validation, and relationship with basic dimensions of personality. New Trends in Experimental Clinical Psychiatry, 1994, 10, 61-74.
80. TORCH, E. Depersonalization syndrome: An overview. Psychiatric Quarterly, 1981, 53, 249-258.
81. WALSH, R. Depersonalization: Definition and treatment. American Journal of Psychiatry, 1975, 132, 873-874.
82. WATSON, C. G., KLETT, W. G., & LOREI, T. W. Toward an operational definition of anhedonia. Psychological Reports, 1970, 26, 371-376.
83. WEG, R. B. Sexuality in the later years: Roles and behavior. New York: Academic Press, 1983.
84. WILLI, J. Couples in collusion: The unconscious dimension in partnerships. Claremont, CA: Hunter House, 1982.
85. ZALEZNIK, A. The managerial mystique. New York: HarperCollins, 1989.