Use of Azotobacter chroococcum as potentially useful in agricultural application

Annals of Microbiology

Volumn 51, Issue 2, 2001, Pages 145-158

  Mrkovacki N ^a   Milic V ^a  

^a INSTITUTE OF FIELD AND VEGETABLE CROPS   (Serbia)

Author keywords

Azotobacter chroococcum; Microbiological fertilizer; Plant; Soil

Indexed keywords

EID: 0040623366     PISSN: 15904261     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Article

References (149)

1. Allison F.E., Gaddy V.L. (1940). Synthesis of coenzyme R. by certain rhizobia and by Azotobacter chroococcum. J. Bacteriol., 39: 273.
2. Antipchuk A.F., Rangelova V.M., Tatsyurenko O.V., Shevcenko A.I. (1997). Effect of Azotobacter on the yield and quality of sugar beet. Mikrobiol. Zhurnal., 59: 90-94.
3. Azcorn R., Barea J.M. (1975). Synthesis of auxins, gibberellins and cytokinins by Azotobacter vinelandi and Azotobacter beijerinckii related to effects produced on tomato plants. Plant Soil, 43: 609-619.
4. Badiyala D., Verma S.P. (1991). Effect of Fym and biofertilizers on wheat equivalent yield, diversity index and land utilization index of maize + soybean-wheat cropping sequence under mid hills of Hemichal Predesh. Farming Systems, 7: 122-125.
5. Bagyraj D.J., Menga J.A. (1978). Interaction between a VA mychoriza and Azotobacter and their effects on rhizosphere microflora and plant growth. New Phytol., 80: 567-573.
6. 2 -fixing bacterial population of the plant environment. Plant Soil, 90: 73-92.
7. Barakart M.A.S., Gabr S.M. (1998). Effects of different biofertilizer types and nitrogen fertilizer levels on tomato plants. Alexandria J. Agricultural Research, 43: 149-160.
8. Barea J.M., Brown M.E. (1974). Effect on plant growth produced by Azotobacter paspali related to synthesis of plant growth regulating substance. J. Appl. Bacteriol., 37: 583-593.
9. Barea J.M., Ocampo J.A., Azcon R., Olivares J., Montoya (1978). Effects of ecological factors on the establishment of Azotobacter in the rhizosphere. Ecol. Bull., 26: 325-330.
10. Barendse G.W.M., Peters T.J.M. (1995). Multiple hormonal control in plants. Acta Bot. Neer., 44: 3-17.
11. Beijerinck M.W. (1901). Über ologonitrophile mikroben. Zentralbl. Bakteriol. Parasitenkd. Infektionskr. II Abt., /: 561-582.
12. Beijerinck M.W. (1908). Fixation of Free Atmospheric Nitrogen by Azotobacter in Pure Culture. Koninel. Ned. Acad. Weteucchapp, Prac. 11.
13. Belimov A.A., Kojemiakov A.P., Chuvarliyeva C.V. (1995). Interaction between barley and mixed cultures of nitrogen fixing and phosphate-solubilizing bacteria. Plant Soil, 173: 29-37.
14. Belimov A.A., Ivanchikov A.Y., Vorobev N.I. (1998). The effect of predominant flora of the barley rhizoplane on the interaction between introduced diazotrophs and the plant. Microbiology, 67: 340-345.
15. Blinkov G.H. (1957). Geografićeskoje rasprostranenie azotobaktera v počvah Sibirii. AN. SSSR, Referativni žurnal, Biologija, 1, Moskva.
16. Blinkov G.H. (1962). O rasprostranenii i osobenostjah Azotobacter chroococcum. Mikrobiologija, 3.
17. Brakel J., Hilger F. (1965). Etude qualitative et quantitative de la synthese de substances de nature auxinique par Azotobacter chroococcum in vitro. Bull. Inst. Agron. Stns. Rech. Gembloux, 33: 469-487.
18. Brown M.E., Burlingham S.K. (1968). Production of plant growth substances by Azotobacter chroococcum. J. Gen. Microbiol., 53: 135-144.
19. Brown M. (1976). Role of Azotobacter paspali in association with Paspalum notatum. J. Appl. Bacteriol., 40: 341-348.
20. Burlingham S.K. (1964). Growth regulators produced by Azotobacter in culture media. Ann. Rep. Rothamsted. Exp. Stat., p. 92.
21. Denarié J., Blachere H. (1966). Inoculation de graines de vegetaux cultives a l' aide de souches bacteriennes. Ann. Inst. Pasteur, Suppl. to 3: 57-74.
22. Döberainer J. (1966). Azotobacter paspali sp. nov., uma bacteria fixadora de nitrogenio na rhizosfera de Paspalum. Pesquisa Agropecuaria Brasileira, 1: 357-365.
23. Döberainer J. (1974). Nitrogen fixing bacteria in the rhizosphere. Biological Nitrogen Fixation, 33: 86-120.
24. Eklund E (1970). Secondary effects of some Pseudomonads in the rhizosphere of peat grown cucumber plant. In: Pharis R.P., Reid D.M., eds, Hormonal Regulation of Development. Vol 3, Springer-Verlag, N.Y., p. 613.
25. Elgala A.M., Ishac Y.Z., Abdel Monem M., ElGhandour I.A.I. (1995). Effect of single and combined inoculation with Azotobacter and VA micorrhizal fungi on growth and mineral nutrient contents of maize and wheat plants. In: Huang P.M., Berthelin J., Bollag J.M., Mcgill W.B., Page A.L., eds, Environmental Impact of Soil Component Interaction, Vol. 2: Metals, Other Inorganics, and Microbial Activities, PP. 109-116.
26. Elshanshoury A.R. (1995). Interaction of Azotobacter chroococcum, Azospirillum brasilense and Streptomyces mutabilis, in relation to their effect on wheat development. J. Agronomy Crop Sci., 175: 119-127.
27. Emam N.F., Fayez M., Makboul H.E. (1986). Wheat growth as affected by inoculation with Azotobacter isolated from different soils. Zentralbl. Microbiol., 141: 17-23.
28. 2 -fixers and endomycorrhizae in the presence of the different P-fertilizers. Ann. Agr. Sci., 42: 51-60.
29. Gašić O., Hong. Z., Popović M., Lukić V., Sarić M., Sarić Z. (1990). Activity of nitrogenase and nitrogen assimilation enzymes in wheat inoculated with Azotobacter chroococcum. Biochem. Physiol. Pflanzen, 186: 169-178.
30. Georgiu V., Menuke L. (1964). Azotobacter chroococcum (štam 100) kak producent auksinopodobnih vešćestv. V. sb. Bakterijalne udobrenija, 166-176.
31. Godara R.K., Awasthi R.P., Kaith N.S. (1995). Effect of biofertilizer and fetilizer on Azotobacter population, crown gall infection and alkaline phosphatase activity in peach. Indian J. Plant Physiol., 38: 334-336.
32. Gonzales Lopez, J., Martinez Toledo M.V., Reina S., Salmeron V. (1991). Root exudates of maize on production of auxins, gibberellins, cytokinins, amino acids and vitamins by Azotobacter chroococcum chemically defined media and dialysed soil media. Toxicol. Environ. Chem., 33: 69-78.
33. Gouri P.S.V.M., Jagasnnatathan R. (1995). Biotechnology in organic farming. Biotechnol. Dev. Review, 5: 34-47.
34. Govedarica M., Milić V., Gvozdenović Dj. (1993). Efficiency of the association between Azotobacter chroococcum and some tomato varieties. Soil plant, 42: 113-120.
35. Guraraj R., Mallikarjuniah R.R. (1995). Interactions among Azotobacter chroococcum, Penicillium glaucum and Glomus fasciculatum and their effect on the growth and yield of sunflower (Helianthus annus L). Helia, 18: 73-84.
36. th International Congress on Nitrogen Fixation, St Petersburg, Russia, No 638.
37. Hennequin J.R., Blachere H. (1966). Recherches sur la synthese de phytohormones et de composes phenoliques par Azotobacter et des bacteries de la rhizosphere. Ann. Inst. Pasteur, 3:89-102.
38. Höflich G., Wichc W., Kühn G. (1994). Plant growth stimulation by inoculation with symbiotic and associative rhizosphere microorganisms. Experientia, 50: 897-905.
39. Horner C.K., Burk D., Allison F.E., Sherman M.S. (1942). Nitrogen fixation by Azotobacter as influenced by molybdenum and vanadium. J. Agric. Res., 65: 173-193.
40. Hussain A., Arshad M., Hussain F. (1987). Response of maize (Zea Mays) to Azotobacter inoculation. Biol. Fert. Soils, 4: 73-77.
41. Jackson R.M., Brown M.E., Burlingham S.K. (1964). Similar effects on tomato plants of Azotobacter inoculation and application of gibberellins. Nature, 203: 851-852.
42. Jagnow G. (1987). Inoculation of cereal crops and forage grasses with nitrogen-fixing rhizosphere bacteria: possible causes of success and failure with regard to yield response. A review - Z. Pflanzenernahr Bodenkd., 150: 361-368.
43. Jensen H. (1955). The Azotobacter-flora of some Danish water courses. Dansk bot. Tidsskr., 52: 143-157.
44. Jensen H., Petersen E. (1955). Studies on the Occurence of Azotobacter in Danish Forest Soils. Royal Veterinary and Agricultural College Yearbook, pp. 107-126.
45. Jensen H.L. (1965). Nonsymbiotic nitrogen fixation. In: Bartholomew W.V., Clark F.E., eds, Soil Nitrogen. Amer. Soc. Agron. Inc. Publisher, Madison, pp. 436-480.
46. Johnson M.K., Magee L.A. (1956). Some factors affecting the respiratory response of Azotobacter to 24-D, and related compounds. Appl. Microbiol. 4:169-178.
47. Kaputska L.A., Rice F.L. (1976). Acetylene reduction (N2 fixation) in soil and old field succession in Central Oklahoma. Soil Biol. Biochem., 8: 497-503.
48. Kavimandan S.K. (1986). Influence of Rhizobia, Azotobacter and blue green algae on N-content and yield of rice. Plant Soil, 96: 133-135.
49. Kennedy I.R., Tchan Y.T. (1992). Biological nitrogen fixation in nonlegumes field crops: recent advances. Plant Soil, 141: 93-118.
50. Kennedy I.R., Pereq-Gerk L.L., Wood C., Deaker R., Gilchrist K., Katupitiya S. (1997). Biological nitrogen fixation in non-leguminous field crops: Facilitating the evolution of an effective association between Azospirillum and wheat. Plant Soil, 194: 65-79.
51. Kirsanina E.F., Volkova V.A. (1960). Nekotorie danne o rasprostanenii azotobaktera v počvah Gorno - Altaiskoj avtonomnoi oblasti. Mikrobiologija, 29: 551-554.
52. Kole M.M., Altasaar J., Page W.J. (1988). Distribution of Azotobacter in eastern Canadian soils and in association with plant rhizospheres. Can. J. Microbiol., 34: 815-817.
53. Kolker I.I., Dahnova E.N. (1960). Rasprostanenie azotobaktera v počvah Krima. Mikrobiologija, 29: 555-562.
54. Krassilnikov N.A. (1949). Opredeliteli Bakterii i Aktinomicetov. Izd. AN sssr.M.
55. Krstić B., Sarić M., Sarić Z. (1991). Efficiency of Azotobacter strains depending on nitrogen level and sugar beet genotypes: In: Polsinelli M., Materassi R., Vincenzini, eds, Proceedings of the Fifth International Symposium on Nitrogen Fixation, with Non-legumes. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, Boston, London, pp. 329-331.
56. Kshirsagar C.R., Mandhare V.K., Kalbhor H.B., Patil P.L. (1994). Response of onion to Azotobacter and VA-mycorrhizal inoculation along with phosphorus levels. J. Maharashtra Agricultural Universities, 19: 476-477.
57. Lee S.B., Burris R.H. (1943). Large scale production of Azotobacter. Industr. Ind. Eng. Chem., 35: 112-121.
58. th International Congress on Nitrogen Fixation, St Petersburg, Russia, No 623.
59. Lipman J.G. (1903). Report on the New Jersey Agricultural Experiment Station, 24: 217-285.
60. Lipman J.G. (1904). Report on the New Jersey Agricultural Experiment Station, 25: 237-289.
61. Lipman C.B., Mac Lees E. (1940). Dissociation of Azotobacter chroococcum (Beijerinck). Soil Sci., 50: 75-82.
62. Macura J. (1966). Interactions nutritionnells plantesbacteries et bases experimentales de la bacterisation des graines. Ann. Inst. Pasteur, 3: 9-38.
63. th International Congress on Nitrogen Fixation., St. Petersburg, Russia, N. 614.
64. Mandhare V.K., Patil P.L., Gadekar D.A. (1998). Phosphorus uptake of onion as influenced by Glomus fasciculatum, Azotobacter and phosphorus levels. Agricultural Science Digest, 18: 228-230.
65. Martinez R., Dibut B., Casanova I., Ortega M. (1997). Accion estimuladora de Azotobacter chroococcum sobre el cultivo del tomate en suelo ferračitico rojo. I. Efecto sobre los semilleros. Agrotecnia de Cuba, 27: 23-26.
66. Martinez Toledo M.V., Gozalez-Lopez J., De la Rubia T., Moreno J., Ramos-Cormenzana A. (1988). Effect of inoculation with Azotobacter chroococcum on nitrogenase activity of Zea mays roots grown in agricultural soils under aseptic and non-sterile conditions. Biol. Fert. Soils, 6: 170-173.
67. Martinez Toledo M.V., Moreno J., De la Rubia T., Gozalezlopez J. (1989). Root exudates of pea mays and production of auxins, gibberellins and cytokinins by Azotobacter chroococcum. Plant Soil, 110: 149-152.
68. Martinez Toledo M. V., Salmeron V., Gozalezlopez J. (1990). Effect of Azotobacter inoculation on nitrogenase activity of Hordeum vulgare. Chemosphere, 21: 243-250.
69. th IIRB Congress, Cambridge, pp. 521-525.
70. Mezei S., Popović M., Kovačev L., Mrkovački N., Nagl N., Malenčić D. (1997/98). Effect of Azotobacter strains on sugar beet callus proliferation and nitrogen metabolism enzymes. Biol. Plantarum, 40: 277-283.
71. Micev N. (1971). Results of investigation of free nitrogen fixation (Azotobacterium) in the rhizosphere of some plants and soil types of Macedonia. Agrohemija, 7-8: 309-317.
72. Mickovski M. (1957). Vlijanie na nikotinot vrz porastot i razvitokot na azotobakterot. Socijalističko zemjodelstvo, Skopje, 9: 9-15.
73. Mickovski M. (1959). Pridones kon poznavanjeto raširenosta na azotobakterot vo atiskite počvi na NR Makedonija. Socijalistčko zemjodelstvo, Skopje, 11: 1-77.
74. Mickovski M. (1960). Zastupenost na azotobakterot i uslovite za negoviot razvitak vo nekoi počvi na NR Makedonija. Godišen Zbornik na Zemljodelsko šumarskiot fakultet, Skopje, 13: 59-108.
75. Milić V., Sarić M. (1988). Efficacy of Azotobacter in dependence of maize genotype and the content of nitrogen in nutritive solution. Mikrobiologija, 25: 45-56.
76. Milić, V., Mrkovački N. (1995). Production of growth substances gibberellin type in strains of Azotobacter chroococcum. In: Proceedings of VII Congres Microbiologists of Yugoslavia, Herceg Novi, p. 28.
77. Mishra O.R., Tomar U.S., Sharama R.A., Rajput A.M. (1995). Response of maize to chemicals and biofertilizers. Crop Research, 9: 233-237.
78. Mišustin E.N., (1953). O rasprostranenii azotobaktera v počvah. Mikrobiologija, XXII, 4, 1953.
79. Mishustin E.N., Naumova A.N. (1962). Bacterial fertilizers, their effectiveness and mechanism of action. Mikrobiologija, 31: 543-545 .
80. Mrkovački N., Mezei S., Kovačev L. (1995a). Specific relationship between Azotobacter strains and sugar beet plants. Soil plant, 44: 9-17.
81. Mrkovački N., Kovačev L., Mezei S., Čačić N. (1995b). The growth of Azotobacter strains with pelleted sugar beet seeds. In: Abstracts of XI Symposium JSPP, Novi Sad, p.110.
82. Mrkovački N., Mezei S., Kovačev L., Milić V., Popović M. (1996a). Interrelationship of Azotobacter with sugar beet. In: Abstract of Nitrogen Fixation Conference, Poznan, Poland, p.186.
83. Mrkovački N., Mezei S., Kovačev L.(1996b) Effect of Azotobacter inoculation on dry matter mass and nitrogen content in the hybrid varieties of sugar beet. A Periodical of Scientific Research on Field and Vegetable Crops, 25: 107-113.
84. Mrkovački N. (1997). Microbial abundance of the soil and rhizosphere during the growing season as effected by sugar beet genotype. Acta Agriculturae Serbica, 4: 89-95.
85. Mrkovački N., Mezei-S., Kovačev L., Sklenar P., Milić V. (1997a). Number of Azotobacter chroococcum in soil and rhizophere of inoculated sugar beet plants. In: Papers of the IX Congress of the Yugoslav Society of Soil Science, Novi Sad, pp 443-448.
86. Mrkovački N., Mezei S., Verepbaranji I., Popović M., Sarić Z. and Kovačev L. (1997b). Associations of sugar beet and nitrogen fixing bacteria in vitro. Biologia Plantarum, 39: 419-425.
87. Mrkovački N., Mezei S., Kovačev L., Sklenar P. (1998a). The effect of inoculation of sugar beet with Azotobacter chroococcum on the bacteria's number on the root and in the rhizosphere. Archiv. Biol. Sci., 50: 189-193.
88. Mrkovački N., Čačić N., Mezei S., Milić V. (1998b). Effect of inoculation on the number of Azotobacters in soil and rhizosphere during sugarbeet growing season. Acta Agriculturae Serbica, 5: 53-59.
89. nd IIRB Congress, Sevilla, pp. 183-187.
90. Mrkovački N., Kovačev L., Čačić N., Mezei S. (2001).Application of microbiological preparation in sugarbeet production. A Periodical of Scientific Research on Field and Vegetable Crops, 35: 67-73.
91. Nieto K.F., Frankenberger W.T. (1989). Biosynthesis of cytokinins by Azotobacter chroococcum. Soil Biol. Biochem., 21: 967-972.
92. Nieto K.F., Frankenberger W.T. (1991). Influence of adenine, isopentyl alcohol and Azotobacter chroococcum on the vegetative growth of Zea mays. Plant Soil, 135: 213-221.
93. Page W.J., Shivprasad S. (1991). Azotobacter salinestris sp. nov., a sodium-dependent, microaerophili, and aeroadaptive nitrogen-fixing bacterium. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol., 41: 369-376.
94. Pandey A., Sharma E., Palni L.M.S. (1998). Influence of bacterial inoculation on maize in upland farming system of the Sikkim Himalaya. Soil Biol. Biochem., 30: 379-384.
95. Pati B.R., Sengupta S., Chjandra A.K. (1995). Impact of selected phyllospheric diazotrophs on the growth of wheat seedlings and assay of the growth substances produced by the diazotrophs. Microbiological Research, 150: 121-127.
96. Prša M. (1963). Synthese des acides amines dans les varietes de Azotobacter chroococcum. Ann. Sci. Agronomiques, 54: 51-57.
97. Prša M. (1964). Azotobacter in the rhizosphere of some agronomic cultures, in red soil of the Istrian peninsula. Scientific Agriculture, 19.
98. Puertas A., Gonzales L.M. (1999). Aislamiento de cepas nativas de Azotobacter chroococcum en la provincia Granma y evaluacion de su actividad estimuladora en plantulas de tomate. Cell. Mol. Life Sci., 20: 5-7.
99. Quispel A. (1991). A critical evaluation of the prospects for nitrogen fixation with non-legumes. Plant Soil, 137: 1-11.
100. Radulović V., Hauher O. (1967). Relationship between Azotobacter chroococcum and microorganisms in wheat rhizosphere. Soil Plant, 16: 215-221.
101. Radulović V. (1969). Effect of agrotechnic on dynamics of Azotobacter chroococcum in wheat rhizosphere. Mikrobiologija, 6: 51-63.
102. Radwan F.I. (1998). Response of some maize cultivars to VA - mycorrhizal inoculation, biofertilization and soil nitrogen application. Alexandria Journal of Agricultural Research, 43: 43-56.
103. Rai S.N., Gaur A.C. (1988). Chraracterization of Azotobacter spp. and effect of Azotobacter and Azospirillum as inoculant on the yield and N - uptake of wheat crop. Plant Soil, 109: 131-134.
104. th International Congress of nitrogen Fixation, St. Petersburg, Russia, No 607.
105. th International Congress of nitrogen Fixation, St. Petersburg, Russia, No 608.
106. Ramos A., Barea J.M., Callao V. (1972). A phosphate dissolving and nitrogen fixing microorganism and its possible influence on soil fertility. Agrochimica, 16: 345-350.
107. Rao N.S., Tsuru S., Singh C.S. (1984). A study on the nature of Rhizobium, Azotobacter and Azospirillum in a Japanese soil amended with organic and inorganic manures. Zentralblatt fur Mikrobiologie, 139: 607-613.
108. Reddy M.V.R., Reddy T.K.R. (1989). Competititive saprophytic survival of Azotobacter chroococcum in black cotton soil. Current Sci., 58: 139-140.
109. Relić B., Govedarica M., Neškoviš M. (1987). Plant hormone activity in Azotobacter culture. In: Book of Abstracts of VIII Simposum of Yugoslav Society of Plant Phisiology, Tuheljske Toplice, p.79.
110. Relić B. (1989). Plant horomone activity in Azotobacter culture and effet on wheat. Master thesis, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University Novi Sad.
111. Requena N., Baca T.M., Azcon R. (1997). Evolution of humic substances from unripe compost during incubation with lignolytic or cellulolytic microorganisms and effects on the lettuce growth promotion mediated by Azotobacter chroococcum. Biol. Fert. Soils, 24: 59-65.
112. Rovira A.D. (1965a). Effects of Azotobacter, Bacillus and Clostridium on the growth of wheat. Plant Microbe Ralationships. In: Symposium on Relationships between Soil Microorganisms and Plant Roots. Prague, 1963, p. 193.
113. Rovira A.D. (1965b) Interactions between plant roots and soil microorganisms. Ann. Rev. Microbiol., 19: 241-266.
114. Rubenchik L.I. (1963). Azotobacter and its use in agriculture. Israel Program for Scientific Translations, Jerusalem, p. 278.
115. Saha J., Chowdhury A., Chaudhuri S. (1991). Stimulation of heterotrophic dinitrogen fixation in barley root association by the herbicide pendimethalin and its metabolic transformation by Azotobacter spp. Soil Biol. Biochem., 23: 569-573.
116. Salmeron V., Martinez Toledo M V., Gonzalezlopez J. (1990). Nitrogen fixation and production of auxins, gibberellins and cytokinin by an Azotobacter chroococcum strain isolated from root of zea mays in presence of insoluble phosphate. Chemosphere, 20: 417-422.
117. Sarić Z., Rašović B. (1963a). The influence of the maize on the dynamic of Azotobacter in the soil. Soil Plant, 13: 273-277.
118. Sarić Z., Rašović B. (1963b). The effect of some plants on the dynamics of Azotobacter in the soil. Annals of Scientific Work at the Faculty of Agriculture, Novi Sad, 7: 1-11.
119. Sarić Z. (1969a). Biogenic levels of the horizons of calcerous chernozem in Vojvodina. Contemporary Agriculture, 17: 819-825.
120. Sarić Z. (1969b). Biogenity of limeless chernozem in Vojvodina. Annals of Scientific Work at the Institute for Research in Agriculture, Novi Sad, 7: 145-151.
121. Sarić Z. ( 1978). The influence of mineral fertilizers on the population of Azotobacter and oligonitrophilic bacteria in chernozem. Mikrobiology, 15: 153-166.
122. Sarić Z., Milić V., Jarak M., Govedarica M. (1983). Effect of organic residues on microbiological changes and fertility of soil. Annals of Scientific Work at the Faculty of Agriculture, Novi Sad, 13: 147-165.
123. Sarić Z., Sarić M., Govedarica M. Stanković Ž. (1987). The effect of maize genotype and nitrogen level on the efficiency of different Azotobacter strains. J. Plant. Nutr., 10, 9-16, 1774-1786.
124. th Intern. Sunflower Conference, Novi Sad, pp. 187-191.
125. Sarić M.R., Sarić Z., Govedarica M. (1990a) Variability of molecular nitrogen fixation and its dependence on plant genotype and diazotroph strains. In: El Bassam N. et al., eds, Genetic Aspects of Plant Mineral Nutrition. Kluwer Academic Publ., Netherlands, pp. 373-379.
126. Sarić Z., Mićanovic D., Trifković V., Sarić R.M. (1990b) Effect of Azotobacter on wheat. Microbiology, 27: 139-146.
127. Sarić R.M., Sarić Z., Krstić B. (1991). Specific responses of Azotobacter strains and sugar beet genotypes. In: Polsinelli M., Materassi R., Vincenzini, eds, Proceedings of the Fifth International Symposium on Nitrogen Fixation, with Non-legumes. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, Boston, London, pp. 333-335.
128. Shabaev V.P, Smolin V.Y., Strekozova V.I. (1991). The effect of Azospirillum brasilense Sp. 7 and Azotobacter chroococcum on nitrogen - balance in soil under cropping with oats (Avena saliva L.). Biol. Fert. Soils, 10: 290-292.
129. nd European Nitrogen Fixation Conference. Poznan, pp. 191.
130. Sturz A.V., Christie B.R., Nowak J. (2000). Bacterial Endophytes: Potential Role in Developing Sustainable Systems of Crop Production. Critical Reviews in Plant Sciences, 19: 1-30.
131. Thilak K.V.B.R. (1993). Associative effects of versicular - arbuscular mycorrizae with nitrogen fixers. In: Proceedings of the Indian National Science Academy, Part B, Biological Sciences, 59: 325-331.
132. Thompson J.P., Skerman V.B.D. (1980). Azotobacteraceae: the taxonomy and ecology of the aerobic nitrogen - fixing bacteria. Academic Press, London.
133. Thompson J.P., Skerman V.B.D. (1981).Validation list No6. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol., 31: 215-218.
134. Thompson J.P. (1989a). Counting viable Azotobacter chroococcum in vertisoils 1. Comparison of media. Plant Soil, 117: 9-16.
135. Thompson J.P. (1989b). Counting viable Azotobacter chroococcum in vertisoils 2. The non proportionality phenomenon. Plant Soil, 117: 17-29.
136. Thompson J.P. (1989c). Counting viable Azotobacter chroococcum in vertisoils 3. Methods for preparation of soil suspensions. Plant Soil, 117: 31-40.
137. Tippannavar C.M., Reddy T.K.R. (1993). Seed treatment of wheat (Triticum aesativum L.) on the survival of seed borne Azotobacter chroococcum. Karnataka Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 6: 310-312.
138. Trifković V. (1996). Associative capability of genus Azotobacter with maize. Ph. D. Thesis. Faculty of Agriculture, Zemun.
139. Tripllet E.W. (1996). Diazotrophic endophytes: progress and prospects for nitrogen fixation in monocots. Plant Soil, 186: 29-38.
140. Troitskaya T.M., Troitskii N.A. (1988). Nitrogen fixation by Azotobacter chroococcum in association with barley. Microbiology, 57: 234-237.
141. Vancura V., Macura J. (1960). Indole derivatives in Azotobacter cultures. Folia Microbiol., 5:293
142. Vancura V., Abdel Malek Y., Zayed M.N. (1965). Azotobacter and Beijerinckia in the soils and rhizospheres of plants in Egypt. Folia Microbiol., 10: 224-229.
143. Voesenek L.J., Blom P.M. (1996). Plants and hormones - An Ecophysiological View on Timing and Plasticity. J. Ecol., 84: 11-119.
144. Vojinova-Raikova. (1954). Rasprostranenie azotobaktera v poćvah Bulgarii. Mikrobiologija, XXVI, 4.
145. Vojinović. (1956). The widespread Azotobacter in Serbian soils. Journal for Scientific Agricultural Research, 26: 97-112.
146. Vojinović. (1961). Mikrobiological properties of main types soils in Serbia for nitrogen cycling. Journal for Scientific Agricultural Research, 43: 3-25.
147. Winogradsky S.N. (1932). Sur la synthese de l' ammoniaq par les Azotobacters du sol. Ann Inst. Pasteur, 48: 269-300.
148. Winogradsky S. (1938). Etudes sur la microbiologie du sol et des eaux. sur la morphologie et l'oecologie des Azotobacter. Ann. Inst. Pasteur, 60: 351-400.
149. Yadav K.S., Sunita Suneja, Sharma H.R. (1996). Seed bacterization studies with Azotobacter chroococcum in sunflower (Helianthus anuus L.) Crop Research, 11: 239-243.