The colonial legacy and language planning in Sub-Saharan Africa: The case of Zaire

Applied Linguistics

Volumn 18, Issue 1, 1997, Pages 64-85

  Kamwangamalu, Nkonko M ^a  

^a NONE

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 0040571156     PISSN: 01426001     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Article

References (47)

1. Akinnaso, F. N. 1991. 'Toward the development of a multilingual language policy in Nigeria.' Applied Linguistics 12/1: 29-61.
2. Akinnaso, F. N. 1993. 'Policy and experiment in mother tongue literacy in Nigeria.' International Review of Education 39/4: 255-85.
3. Bokamba, E. G. 1976. 'Authenticity and the choice of a national language: The case of Zaire.' Studies in the Linguistic Sciences 6/2: 23-64.
4. Bamgbose, A. 1991. Language and the Nation: The Language Question in Sub-Saharan Africa. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.
5. Bourdieu, P. 1991. Language and Symbolic Power. Cambridge: Polity Press.
6. Cisalasala, N.-N. 1975. 'Le problème linguistique au Zaire: Eléments bibliographiques.' Bulletin du Centre de Linguistique Théorique et Appliquée (CELTA) 18: 21-44.
7. Cluver, A. D. de V. 1991. 'A system approach to language planning: The case of Namibia.' Language Problems and Language Planning 5/1: 43-64.
8. Cobarrubias, J. 1983. 'Ethical issues in status planning' in J. Cobarrubias and J. A. Fishman (eds.) 1983: Progress in Language Planning. The Hague: Mouton.
9. De Jonghe, E. 1933. 'Les langues communes au Congo-Belge.' Congo, Tome II/3: 341-58.
10. Diallo, S. 1977. Zaire Today. Paris, France: Editions Jeune Afrique.
11. Djite, P. G. 1985. Language Attitudes in Abidjan: Implications for Language Planning in the Ivory Coast. PhD dissertation. Georgetown University.
12. Djite, P. G. 1993. 'Language development in Africa.' International Journal of the Sociology of Language 100/101: 149-66.
13. Eastman, C. M. 1983. Language Planning. San Francisco: Chandler and Sharp.
14. Fabian, J. 1986. Language and Colonial Power: The Appropriation of Swahili in the Former Belgian Congo 1880-1938. Cambridge, Cambridge University Press.
15. Ferguson, C. 1959. Diglossia. Word 15: 325-40.
16. Fishman, J. A. 1968. 'Sociolinguistics and the language problems of developing countries' in J. A. Fishman, C. A. Ferguson, and J. Das Gupta (eds.) 1968: Language Problems of Developing Nations. New York: Wiley.
17. Fishman, J. A. 1972. 'National languages and languages of wider communication in the developing nations.' Language and Sociocultural Change. Stanford: Stanford University Press.
18. Fishman, J. A. 1981. 'Language policy: Past, present, and future' in C. A. Ferguson and S. Brice-Heath (eds.) 1981: Language in the USA. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
19. Fishman, J. A. 1987. 'Conference Comments: Reflections on the Current Status of Language Planning' in Laforge, L. (ed.) 1987: Proceedings of the International Colloquium on Language Planning. Quebec: Presses de l'Université Laval.
20. Gueunier, N. 1992. 'Le Français langue d'Afrique.' Présence Francophone 40: 99-120.
21. Hinnebusch, T. J. 1987. 'Swahili' in Timothy Shopen (ed.) 1987: Languages and their Status. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press.
22. Huta-Mukana, M. 1984. 'Pour ou contre l'unicité linguistique au Zaire.' Analyses Sociales 1/4: 27-37.
23. Kuo, E. C. Y. and B. Jernudd. 1988. 'Language management in a multilingual state: The case of planning in Singapore.' Working Paper 95. Department of Sociology: National University of Singapore.
24. Laitin, D. 1992. Language Repertoire and State Construction in Africa. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
25. Laitin, D. and Mensah, E. 1991. 'Language choice among Ghanaians.' Language Problems and Language Planning 15/2: 139-61.
26. Lichtervelde, J. de (n.d.) La Question des Langues au Congo Belge: Rapport. Travaux du Groupe d'Etudes Coloniales de l'Institut de Sociologie Solway. Brussels.
27. Mbulamoko, A. 1967. 'Pluralinguisme et enseignement des langues au Congo.' Congo Afrique 14: 190-200.
28. Mudimbe, V. Y. 1968. 'Autour d'une langue nationale.' Synthese 1: 2-6.
29. OAU. 1986. 'Language Plan of Action for Africa.' Council of Ministers, Forty-Fourth Ordinary Session, July 1986. Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
30. Pakir, A. 1989. Education and Invisible Language Planning: The Case of English in Singapore. MS. National University of Singapore.
31. Polomé, E. 1968. 'The choice of official languages in the Democratic Republic of the Congo' in J. A. Fishman, C. A. Ferguson, and J. D. Gupta (eds.) 1968: Language Problems of Developing Nations. New York: John Wiley and Sons.
32. Polomé, E. 1982. Language, Society, and Paleoculture. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.
33. Reagan, T. G. 1986. '"Language ideology" in the language planning process: Two African case studies.' South African Journal of African Languages 6/2: 94-7.
34. Rubagumya, C. M. 1986. 'Language planning in the Tanzanian educational system: Problems and prospects.' Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development 7: 283-300.
35. Rubango, N. ya. 1986. 'Le Français au Zaire: Langue "supérieure" et chances de "survie" dans un pays Africain.' Language Problems and Language Planning 10/3: 253-71.
36. Rubin, J. 1984. 'Bilingual Education and Language Planning' in Kennedy, C. (ed.) 1984: Language Planning and Language Education. London: Allen and Unwin.
37. Rubin, J. and B. H. Jernudd (eds.). 1971. Can Language Be Planned? Honolulu: University Press of Hawaii.
38. Schiffman, H. F. 1992. '"Resisting Arrest" in Status Planning: Structural and Covert Impediments to Status Change.' Language and Communication 12/1: 1-15.
39. Scotton, C. M. 1990. 'Elite Closure as Boundary Maintenance' in B. Weinstein (ed.) 1990: Language Policy and Political Development. Norwood, NJ: Ablex.
40. Sengova, J. 1987. 'The national languages of Sierra Leone: A decade of policy experimentation.' Africa 57: 519-30.
41. Sesep N'Sial, B. 1978. 'La querelle linguistique au Zaire.' Bulletin du Centre de Linguistique Théorique et Appliquée (CELTA) 23: 1-34.
42. Simpson, E. 1984. 'Translating for National Integration.' Babel 30/1: 26-33.
43. Skutnabb-Kangas, T. and P. Toukomaa. 1976. Teaching Migrant Children's Mother Tongue and Learning the Language of the Host Country in the Context of the Socio-Cultural Situation of the Migrant Family. Helsinki: Finnish National Commission for Unesco.
44. Wardhaugh, R. 1986. Introduction to Sociolinguistics. New York: Basil Blackwell.
45. Wardhaugh, R. 1987. Languages in Competition: Dominance, Diversity, and Decline. Oxford: Basil Blackwell.
46. Weinstein, B. 1980. 'Language Planning in Francophone Africa.' Language Problems and Language Planning 4/1: 55-75.
47. Yanga, T. 1980. A Sociolinguistic Identification of Lingala. Ann Arbor, MI: University Microfilms International.