Longevity and spontaneous flight activity of Culex tarsalis (Diptera: Culicidae) infected with western equine encephalomyelitis virus

Journal of Medical Entomology

Volumn 37, Issue 1, 2000, Pages 187-193

  Lee, Joon Hak ^a,b   Rowley, Wayne A ^a   Platt, Kenneth B ^a  

^a IOWA STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF ALABAMA AT BIRMINGHAM   (United States)

Author keywords

Culex tarsalis; Longevity; Spontaneous flight activity; Western equine encephalomyelitis virus

Indexed keywords

EID: 0040522074     PISSN: 00222585     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1603/0022-2585-37.1.187     Document Type: Article

References (57)

1. Beckett, E. B. 1990. The non-specific nature of the response of mosquito flight muscle to filarial parasitization. Parasitol. Res. 76: 360-366.
2. Berry, W. J., W. A. Rowley, and B. M. Christensen. 1986. Influence of developing Brugia pahangi on spontaneous flight activity of Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae). J. Med. Entomol. 23: 441-445.
3. Berry, W. J., W. A. Rowley, and B. M. Christensen. 1987a. Influence of developing Dirofilaria immitis on spontaneous flight activity of Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae). J. Med. Entomol. 24: 699-701.
4. Berry, W. J., W. A. Rowley, and B. M. Christensen. 1988. Spontaneous flight activity of Aedes trivittatus infected with Dirofilaria immitis. J. Parasitol. 74: 970-974.
5. Berry, W. J., W. A. Rowley, J. L. Clarke, III, N. S. Swack, and W. J. Hausler, Jr. 1987b. Spontaneous flight activity of Aedes trivittatus (Diptera: Culicidae) infected with trivittatus virus (Bunyaviridae: California Serogroup). J. Med. Entomol. 24: 286-289.
6. Bowers, D. A., B. A. Abell, and D. T. Brown. 1995. Replication and tissue tropism of the Alphavirus Sindbis in the mosquito Aedes albopictus. Virology 212: 1-12.
7. Bres, P. 1988. Impact of arboviruses on human and animal health, pp. 1-18. In T. P. Monath [ed.]. The arboviruses: epidemiology and ecology, vol. I. CRC, Boca Raton, FL.
8. Chamberlain, R. W., and W. D. Sudia. 1961. Mechanisms of transmission of viruses by mosquitoes. Annu. Rev. Entomol. 6: 371-390.
9. Chiba, Y., and K. Tomioka. 1987. Insect circadian activity with special reference to the localization of the pacemaker. Zool. Sci. 4: 945-954.
10. Chiba, Y., M. Uki, Y. Kawasaki, A. Matsumoto, and K. Tomioka. 1993. Entrainability of circadian activity of the mosquito Culex pipiens pallens to 24-hr temperature cycles with special reference to involvement of multiple oscillators. J. Biol. Rhythms 8: 211-220.
11. Chomczynski, P., and N. Sacchi. 1987. Single-step method of RNA isolation by acid guanidium thiocyanate-phenolchloroform extraction. Anal. Biochem. 162: 156-159.
12. Christensen, B. M., W. A. Rowley, Y. W. Wong, D. C. Dorsey, and W. J. Hausler, Jr. 1978. Laboratory studies of transovarial transmission of trivittatus virus by Aedes trivittatus. Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. 27: 184-186.
13. Claassen, D. E., and A. E. Kammer. 1986. Effects of octopamine, dopamine, and serotonin on production of flight motor output by thoracic ganglia of Manduca sexta. J. Neurobiol. 17: 1-14.
14. Faran, M. E., M.J. Turell, W. S. Romoser, R. G. Routier, P. H. Gibbs, T. L. Canon, and C. L. Bailey. 1987. Reduced survival of adult Culex pipiens infected with Rift Valley Fever virus. Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. 37: 403-409.
15. Grimstad, P. R., Q. E. Ross, and G. B. Craig, Jr. 1980. Aedes triseriatus (Diptera: Culicidae) and La Crosse virus. II. Modification of mosquito feeding behavior by virus infection. J. Med. Entomol. 17: 1-7.
16. Hardy J. L., E. J. Houk, L. D. Kramer, and W. C. Reeves. 1983. Intrinsic factors affecting vector competence of mosquitoes for arboviruses. Annu. Rev. Entomol. 28: 229-262.
17. Hockmeyer, W. T., B. A. Schiefer, B. C. Redington, and B. F. Eldridge. 1975. Brugia pahangi: effects upon the flight capability of Aedes aegypti. Exp. Parasitol. 38: 1-5.
18. Johnson, B. G., Jr., and W. A. Rowley. 1972. Age-related ultrastructural changes in the flight muscle of the mosquito, Culex tarsalis. J. Insect Physiol. 18: 2375-2389.
19. Jones, M.D.R. 1974. Inversion polymorphism and circadian flight activity in the mosquito Anopheles stephensi. Bull. Entomol. Res. 64: 305-311.
20. Jones, M.D.R. 1976. Persistence in continuous light of a circadian rhythm in the mosquito Culex pipiens fatigans Wied. Nature (Lond.) 261: 491-492.
21. Jones, M.D.R. 1982. Coupled oscillators controlling circadian flight activity in the mosquito, Culex pipiens quinquefasciatus. Physiol. Entomol. 7: 281-289.
22. Jones, M.D.R., M. Hill, and A. M. Hope. 1967. The circadian flight activity of the mosquito Anopheles gambiae: phase setting by the light regime. J. Exp. Biol. 47: 503-511.
23. Jones, M.D.R., C.M. Cubbin, and D. Marsh. 1972. Circadian rhythm of flight activity of the mosquito Anopheles gambiae: the light-response rhythm. J. Exp. Biol. 57: 337-346.
24. Littell, R. C., G. A. Milliken, W W. Stroup, and R. D. Wolfinger. 1996. Analysis of repeated measures data, pp. 87-134. In SAS system for mixed models. SAS Institute, Cary, NC.
25. McGaw, M. M., L. J. Chandler, L. P. Wasieloski, C. D. Blair, and B. J. Beaty. 1998. Effect of La Crosse virus infection on overwintering of Aedes triseriatus. Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. 58: 168-175.
26. McLintock, J. 1978. Mosquito-virus relationships of American encephalitides. Annu. Rev. Entomol. 23: 17-37.
27. Meyer, R. P., W. K. Reisen, M. W. Eberle, M. M. Milby, V. M. Martinez, and B. R. Hill. 1984. A time segregated sampling device for determining nightly host-seeking patterns of female mosquitoes. Proc. Calif. Mosq. Vector Control Assoc. 52: 162-166.
28. Mims, C. A., M. F. Day, and I. D. Marshall. 1966. Cytopathic effect of Semliki Forest virus in the mosquito Aedes aegypti. Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. 15: 775-784.
29. Nelson, R. L., and R. D. Spadoni. 1972. Nightly patterns of biting activity and parous rates of some California mosquito species. Proc. Calif. Mosq. Control Assoc. 40: 72-76.
30. Novak, M. G. 1992. The identification and distribution of major biogenic amines in the central nervous system of Aedes triseriatus (Say) (Diptera: Culicidae) and studies on their regulation of adult mosquito behavior. Ph.D. dissertation, Iowa State University, Ames, IA.
31. Novak, M. G., W. J. Berry, and W. A. Rowley. 1991. Comparison of four membranes for artificially blood feeding mosquitoes. J. Am. Mosq. Control Assoc. 7: 327-329.
32. Orchard, I., J-M. Ramirez, and A. B. Lange. 1993. A multifunctional role for octopamine in locust flight. Annu. Rev. Entomol. 38: 227-249.
33. Paige, C. J., and G. B. Craig, Jr. 1975. Variation in filarial susceptibility among east African populations of Aedes aegypti. J. Med. Entoniol. 12: 485-493.
34. Platt, K. B., K. J. Linthicum, K.S.A. Myint, B. L. Innis, K. Lerdthusnee, and D. W. Vaughn. 1997. Impact of dengue virus infection on feeding behavior of Aedes aegypti. Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. 57: 119-125.
35. Reed, L. J., and H. A. Muench. 1938. A simple method for estimating fifty percent end points. Am. J. Hyg. 27: 493-497.
36. Reisen, W. K., M. M. Milby, W. C. Reeves, R. P. Meyer, and M. E. Bock. 1983. Population ecology of Culex tarsalis (Diptera: Culicidae) in a foothill environment of Kern County, California: temporal changes in female relative abundance, reproductive status, and survivorship. Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. 76: 800-808.
37. Reisen, W. K., R. P. Meyer, and M. M. Milby. 1986. Patterns of fructose feeding by Culex tarsalis (Diptera: Culicidae). J. Med. Entomol. 23:366-373.
38. Reisen, W. K., R. P. Meyer, S. B. Presser, and J. L. Hardy. 1993. Effects of temperature on the transmission of western equine encephalomyelitis and St. Louis encephalitis viruses by Culex tarsalis (Dipetra: Culicidae). J. Med. Entomol. 30: 151-160.
39. Reisen, W. K., H. D. Lothrop, and R. P. Meyer. 1997. Time of host-seeking by Culex tarsalis (Diptera: Culicidae) in California. J. Med. Entomol. 34: 430-437.
40. Romoser, W. S., M. E. Faran, C. L. Bailey, and C. L. Lerdthusnee. 1992. An immunocytochemical study of the distribution of Rift Valley fever virus in the mosquito Culex pipiens. Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. 46: 489-501.
41. Rowland, M., and E. Boersma. 1988. Changes in the spontaneous flight activity of the mosquito Anopheles stephensi by parasitization with the rodent malaria Plasmodium yoelii. Parasitology 97: 221-227.
42. Rowley, W. A., M.D.R. Jones, D. W. Jacobson, and J. L. Clarke, III. 1987. A microcomputer-monitored mosquito flight activity system. Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. 80: 534-538.
43. Rutledge, L. C., R. A. Ward, and D. J. Gould. 1964. Studies on the feeding response of mosquitoes to nutritive solutions in a new membrane feeder. Mosq. News 24:407-419.
44. SAS Institute. 1985. The LIFETEST procedure, pp. 529-557. In SAS user's guide: statistics, version 5 ed. SAS Institute, Cary, NC.
45. SAS Institute. 1988. The GLM procedure, pp. 551-640. In SAS/STAT user's guide, release 6.03 ed. SAS Institute, Cary, NC.
46. Scott, T. W., and L. H. Lorenz. 1998. Reduction of Culiseta melanura fitness by eastern equine encephalomyelitis virus. Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg 59: 341-346.
47. Scott, T. W., S. W. Hildreth, and B. J. Beaty. 1984. The distribution and development of eastern equine encephalitis virus in the enzootic mosquito vector, Culiseta melanura. Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. 33: 300-310.
48. Thomas, L. A. 1963. Distribution of the virus of western equine encephalomyelitis in the mosquito vector, Culex tarsalis. Am. J. Hyg. 78: 150-165.
49. Townson, H. 1970. The effect of infection with Brugia pahangi on the flight of Aedes aegypti. Ann. Trop. Med. Parasitol. 64: 411-420.
50. Turell, M.J. 1992. Virus-depentdent mortality in Rift Valley fever, eastern equine encephalomyelitis, and chikungunya virus-inoculated mosquito (Diptera: Culicidae) larvae. J. Med. Entomol. 29(5): 792-795.
51. Turell, M. J., W. C. Reeves, and J. L. Hardy. 1982. Transovarial and trans-stadial transmission of California encephalitis virus in Aedes dorsalis and Aedes melanimon. Am. J. Trop. Med Hyg. 31: 1021-1029.
52. Turell, M. J., T. P. Gargan II, and C. L. Bailey. 1985. Culex pipiens (Diptera: Culicidae) morbidity and mortality associated with Rift Valley virus infection. J. Med. Entomol. 22: 332-337.
53. Vodkin, M. H., T. Streit, C. J. Mitchell, G. L. McLaughlin, and R. J. Novak. 1994. PCR-based detection of arboviral RNA from mosquitoes homogenized in detergent. Bio-Techniques 17: 114-116.
54. Weaver, S. C. 1986. Electronic microscope analysis of infection patterns for Venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis virus in the vector mosquito, Culex (Melunoconion) taeniopus. Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. 35: 624-631.
55. Weaver, S. C., L. H. Lorenz, and T. W. Scott. 1992. Pathological changes in the midgut of Culex tarsalis following infection with western equine encephalomyelitis virus. Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. 47: 691-701.
56. Weaver, S. C., T. W. Scott, L. H. Lorenz, K. Lerdthusnee, and W. S. Romoser. 1988. Togavirus associated pathological changes in the midgut of a natural mosquito vector. J. Virol. 62: 2083-2090.
57. Weisel-Eichler, A., and F. Libersat. 1996. Neuromodulation of flight initiation by octopamine in the cockroach Periplaneta americana. J. Comp. Physiol. A 179: 103-112.